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People - Ancient Greece

Aristonīcus in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

（Ἀριστόνικος). A natural son of Eumenes II. of Pergamus. Upon the death of his brother Attalus III., B.C. 133, who left his kingdom to the Romans, Aristonicus laid claim to the crown. He defeated in 131 the consul P. Licinius Crassus; but in 130 he was himself defeated and taken prisoner by M. Perperna, was carried to Rome by M'. Aquillus in 129, a...

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Aristippus in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

（Ἀρίστιππος). A Greek philosopher, a native of Cyrené and a pupil of Socrates, after whose death in B.C. 399 he travelled about the Greek cities, imparting instruction for money. He was founder of the Cyrenaic School, or the system of Hedonism (from ἡδονή, pleasure). His doctrine was that as a basis for human knowledge the only things real and true...

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Aristobūlus in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

（Ἀριστόβουλος). A Greek historian, who in his youth accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaigns. In his eighty-fifth year, when living at Cassandrea in Thrace, he wrote a work upon Alexander, in which he recorded his careful observations on geography, ethnography, and natural science. The book is highly praised for its trustworthiness, but onl...

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Aristarchus in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

A Samian mathematician and astronomer at Alexandria, who flourished between B.C. 280 and 264....

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Aristodēmus in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

A descendant of Heracles, son of Aristomachus, brother of Temenus and Cresphontes, and father of Eurysthenes and Procles. He was killed at Naupactus by a flash of lightning, just as he was setting out on the expedition into the Peloponnesus, and his two sons obtained Sparta, which would have fallen to him....

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Antalcĭdas in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

Antalcĭdas （Ἀνταλκίδας). A Spartan, the son of Leon, and chiefly known by the celebrated treaty concluded with Persia in B.C. 387, usually called the Peaceof Antalcidas, since it was the fruit of his diplomacy. According to this treaty all the Greek cities in Asia Minor were to belong to the Persian king. The Athenians were allowed to retain only L...

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Apollodōrus in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

A Greek architect of Damascus, who lived for a time at Rome, where, among other things, he built Trajan's Forum and Trajan's Column. He was first banished and then put to death under Hadrian, A.D. 129, having incurred that emperor's anger by the freedom of his criticisms. We have a work by him on engines of war, addressed to Hadrian....

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Androtion in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

（Ἀνδροτίων). A Greek historian, an Athenian, and a pupil of Isocrates, who was accused of making an illegal proposal, and went into banishment at Megara. We still have the speech composed by Demosthenes for one of the accusers. At Megara he wrote a history of Attica (see Atthis) in at least twelve books, one of the best of that class of writings; b...

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Antĭphon in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

Antĭphon （Ἀντιφῶν). The earliest of the ten great Attic orators, born B.C. 480 in Attica, son of the sophist Sophilus, to whom he owed his training. He was the founder of political eloquence as an art, which he taught with great applause in his own school of rhetoric; and he was the first who wrote out speeches for others to deliver in court, thoug...

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Archimēdes in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

（Ἀρχιμήδης). A remarkable mathematician and inventor, born at Syracuse in B.C. 287. After spending a long time in travel and study he returned to his native city, and there introduced a great number of inventions, among them the endless screw, first used by him in launching large ships; and the so-called Archimedean screw (cochlea), used in drainin...

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