Ancient Documents
Ancient History Sourcebook - Mesopotamian Laws
A Collection of Mesopotamian Laws, c. 2250 - 550 BC. (Assyrian and Babylonian Literature)Quotes about the Bible and History
From Bible History Online, many of the quotes are from historical sources.Antony By Plutarch
(died 30 B.C.E.) Written 75 A.C.E. Translated by John Dryden [People in History] [Tools and Searches]Caesar By Plutarch
(died 44 B.C.E.) Written 75 A.C.E. Translated by John Dryden [People in History] [Tools and Searches]Philo of Alexandria
Resource Pages for Philo of Alexandria. Lots of Resources.On-line primary literature for Biblical Studies
Texts of ANE contracts, Joesphus, Pseudepigrapha, Rabbinic, Early Church Fathers, Magical papyri etc. [Online Text Archives] [Study Tools] [Collections]Extra-biblical references to Jesus and Christianity
The following are early extra-biblical references to Jesus and/or Christians by non-Christian writers (in some cases, Christian writers are quoting non-Christian writers' references to Jesus). Quotes are copied from the accompanying links, unless otherwise noted. Within the text of the article, authors' names are links to encyclopedia articles about them. [Online Text Archives] [Study Tools] [Collections]The Electronic New Testament Manuscripts Project
NT manuscripts and transcriptions. The Electronic New Testament Manuscripts Project is an international, scholarly, volunteer effort to make images and transcriptions of New Testament manuscripts available freely on the Internet. University of Western Australia [Online Text Archives] [Study Tools] [Collections]Apostolic Fathers
Epistle of Barnabas Lightfoot 1 Clement Lightfoot 2 Clement Lightfoot Didache [Hoole] or, alternatively, the Lightfoot translation Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus Lightfoot another translation The Shepherd of Hermas Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Magnesians Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Philadelphians Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Romans Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians Lightfoot Fragments of Papias Epistle of Polycarp (to the Philippians) Lightfoot Martyrdom of Polycarp Lightfoot[Online Text Archives] [Study Tools] [Collections]Duke Papyrus Archive
Collection of 1373 Egyptian Papyri, with background articles [Online Text Archives] [Study Tools] [Collections]On-Line Texts Related to Biblical Study
Related to ancient Near Eastern religions, Hellenistic Mediterranian religions and Biblical Study. [Online Text Archives] [Study Tools] [Collections]Extra Biblical Writings (Huge Collection)
Full Texts. (Pseudepigrapha, Gnostic, Apocrypha & Dead Sea Scrolls) [N.T Studies]Writings and Classics Pages
Until this section is finished being indexed into the main database you can click here to see a list of links including the Bible History Online general resources on this subject, although many of these links are outdated. [Ancient Documents]Pliny-Trajan Correspondence Regarding the Christians
[Pliny the Younger][Greco-Roman writings]Pliny and Trajan Correspondence Regarding the Christians
[Pliny the Younger][Greco-Roman writings]Letters 10.25ff
[Pliny the Younger][Greco-Roman writings]The Grandeur of Rome
[Pliny the Elder][Greco-Roman writings]Description of Greece - Book 1
[Pausanius][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaDescription of Greece - Book 2
[Pausanius][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaDescription of Greece - Book 3
[Pausanius][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaDescription of Greece - Book 4
[Pausanius][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaDescription of Greece - Book 5
[Pausanius][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaDescription of Greece - Book 6
[Pausanius][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaDescription of Greece - Book 7
[Pausanius][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaDescription of Greece - Book 8
[Pausanius][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaDescription of Greece - Book 9
[Pausanius][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaDescription of Greece - Book 10
[Pausanius][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaThe Destruction of Corinth
[Polybius ][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Pyrrhus
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaLife of Tiberius Gracchus
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Tiberius Gracchus
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings] Translated by John DrydenLife of Caius Gracchus
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Sulla
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Marius
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Pompey
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Crassus
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Cicero
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Caesar
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings]The Assassination of Julius Caesar
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Anthony
[Plutarch ][Greco-Roman writings]Gallic Wars - Book 1
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Gallic Wars - Book 2
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Gallic Wars - Book 3
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Gallic Wars - Book 4
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Gallic Wars - Book 5
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Gallic Wars - Book 6
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Gallic Wars - Book 7
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Gallic Wars - Book 8
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Civil Wars - Book 1
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Civil Wars - Book 2
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Civil Wars - Book 3
[Julius Caesar][Greco-Roman writings]Acts of the Divine Augustus
[Augustus][Greco-Roman writings]History of Rome (Books 1-5)
[Livy][Greco-Roman writings]Book 1: The Earliest Legends;
Book 2: The Early Years of the Republic;
Book 3: The Decemvirate;
Book 4: The Growing Power of the Plebs;
Book 5: The Veii and the Destruction of Rome by the Gauls
History of Rome (Books 6-10)
[Livy][Greco-Roman writings]Book 6: The Reconciliation of the Orders - (389 - 366 B.C.);
Book 7: Frontier Wars - (366 - 341 B.C.);
Book 8: The First Samnite War and Settlement of Latium - (341 -321 B.C.);
Book 9: The Second Samnite War - (321 - 304 B.C.);
Book 10: The Third Samnite War - (303 - 293 B.C.)
History of Rome (Books 21-25) Vol. III
[Livy][Greco-Roman writings]Book 21: From Saguntum to the Trebia;
Book 22: The Disaster of Cannae;
23: Hannibal at Capua;
Book 24: The Revolution in Syracuse;
Book 25: The Fall of Syracuse
History of Rome (Books 26-30) Vol. IV
[Livy][Greco-Roman writings]Book 26: The Fate of Capua;
Book 27: Scipio in Spain ;
Book 28: The Final Conquest of Spain;
Book 29: Scipio in Africa;
Book 30: Close of the Hannibalic War
History of Rome (Books 26-32) Vol. IV
[Livy][Greco-Roman writings]Book 26: The Fate of Capua;
Book 27: Scipio in Spain ;
Book 28: The Final Conquest of Spain;
Book 29: Scipio in Africa;
Book 30: Close of the Hannibalic War;
Book 31: Rome and Macedon;
Book 32: The Second Macedonian War
History of Rome (Books 33-39) Vol. V
[Livy][Greco-Roman writings]Book 33: The Second Macedonian War;
Book 34: Close of the Macedonian War;
Book 35: Antiochus in Greece;
Book 36: War Against Antiochus - First Stage;
Book 37: Final Defeat of Antiochus;
Book 38: Arraignment of Scipio Africanus;
Book 39: The Bacchanalia in Rome and Italy
History of Rome (Books 40-45) Vol. VI
[Livy][Greco-Roman writings]Book 40: Perseus and Demetrius;
Book 41: Perseus and the States of Greece;
Book 42: The Third Macedonian War;
Book 43: The Third Macedonian War - Continued;
Book 44: Pydna and the Fall of Macedonia;
Book 45: Rome stabilizes the East
The Divine Augustus
[Suetonius][Greco-Roman writings]The Divine Augustus
[Suetonius][Greco-Roman writings] Ancient History SourcebookLife of Vitellius
[Suetonius][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Domitian
[Suetonius][Greco-Roman writings]Life of Augustus
[Nicolaus of Damascus][Greco-Roman writings]The Annals - Book 1 - (A.D. 14-15)
[Tacitus][Greco-Roman writings] Publius Cornelius TacitusThe Annals - Book 2 - (A.D. 16-19)
[Tacitus][Greco-Roman writings] Publius Cornelius TacitusThe Annals - Books 1-16 (A.D. 14-66)
[Tacitus][Greco-Roman writings] Publius Cornelius Tacitus. Tacitus grew up during a the reign of Nero, and may have been a teenager when Nero died and the Roman empire was plunged into civil war. In his later years he became interested in writing an unbiased account of those times, starting his account just before Tiberius came to the throne. We do not have a complete account of either the Annals or the Histories, but what has been preserved provides an interesting look at Roman life, written by one who lived close to those times.The Histories - Books 1-5 (A.D. 69-70)
[Tacitus][Greco-Roman writings] Publius Cornelius Tacitus. Tacitus grew up during a the reign of Nero, and may have been a teenager when Nero died and the Roman empire was plunged into civil war. In his later years he became interested in writing an unbiased account of those times, starting his account just before Tiberius came to the throne. We do not have a complete account of either the Annals or the Histories, but what has been preserved provides an interesting look at Roman life, written by one who lived close to those times.Nero and the Great Fire of Rome
[Dio Cassius][Greco-Roman writings]The Grandeur of Rome
[Strabo][Greco-Roman writings] Perseus EncyclopediaThe Geography
[Claudius Ptolemy][Greco-Roman writings]Immigrants in Rome
[Martial][Greco-Roman writings]Perseus Catalogue of Greek Texts
[Collections][Greco-Roman writings]Perseus Catalogue of Latin Texts
[Collections][Greco-Roman writings]MIT's Catalogue of Classics
[Collections][Greco-Roman writings]P52 Fragment of the Gospel of John
[Papyri] [Manuscripts] [Images of New Testament Texts] a.k.a. John Rylands P457P52: A Fragment of the Gospel of John
[Papyri] [Manuscripts] [Images of New Testament Texts]a.k.a. John Rylands P457;
This is the oldest known manuscript fragment of the New Testament.
DESCRIPTION
Language: Greek
Medium: papyrus
Size: 3.5 inches long; 2.5 inches wide; Length: 7 lines on each side
Approximate Date: c. 125""150 CE
Place of Discovery: Egypt
Date of Discovery/Acquisition: 1920
Acquirer: Bernard P. Grenfell
Current Location: John Rylands Library,Manchester, England
Inventory Number: Rylands Greek Papyrus 457
Manuscript Number: P52
Manuscript Family: Alexandrian
The Damascus Document (CD)
Brit Damesek [The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Temple Scroll (11QT)
An Introduction to the Qumran Temple Scroll (11QT). REL 365: The Dead Sea Scrolls course webpage, including materials and links relating to Khirbet Qumran, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Bible. [The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The War Rule 1QM, 4Q49l-496
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The War Rule (4Q285 (SM))
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]4QMMT (4Q394-399)
Some of the Fragments of 4QMMT [The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Hosea Commentary (4QpHosea)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Habakkuk Commentary (1QpHab)
An Introduction to the Commentary on Habakkuk Scroll (1QpHab) by Lisa Bots [The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Some Torah Precepts (4Q396)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Great Isaiah Scroll
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Enoch (4Q201)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Songs for the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q403)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]A Baptismal Liturgy (4Q414)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Parable of the Bountiful Tree (4Q302a)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Prayer For King Jonathan (4Q448)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Plea for Deliverance (11QPs)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Prayer of King Nabonindus (4Q242)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Thanksgiving Psalms (Pss. 4, 5, 8, 23)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Coming of Melchizedek (11Q13)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Book of Secrets (1Q27, 4Q299-301)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Book of Secrets (1Q27, 4Q299-301)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Divine Throne Chariot
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Redemption and Resurrection (4Q521)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Calendrical Document (4Q321)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Tongues of Fire (1Q29, 4Q376)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Copper Scroll (3Q15)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]A Phylactery (Mur 4 Phyl)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Creation of the World
[Philo][Ancient Documents]On Ascetics
[Philo][Ancient Documents]On Eating the Passover Meal
[Philo][Ancient Documents]Against Apion - Book 1
[Josephus][Ancient Documents]Against Apion - Book 2
[Josephus][Ancient Documents]The Damascus Document
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Damascus Document
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]The Community Rule (1QS)
An Online Transcription of Dead Sea Scroll 1QS (The "Manual of Discipline") [The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Transcription of the Community Rule
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents] (Requires SPTiberian Font)Community Rule (4QSd)
[The Dead Sea Scrolls][Ancient Documents]Center for the Study of Ancient Documents
Introduction to the services of the Center and an experimental digital archive of epigraphical images, available for downloading.Duke Papyri Collection with APIS
Duke Papyri Collection with APIS (Advanced Papyrological Information System). Searchable online catalogue and proposal for APIS, an papyrological information system based on the Web.University of Michigan Papyrus Collection
Contains an introduction to the University's papyrus collection, a list of papyrological tools, a selective bibliography, and a list of exhibitions and events.The Perseus Project
Large site containing search tools, Greek texts with English translation, searchable lexicons, and over 13,000 images of art and artifacts along with descriptions of the image and its context.Institut für Papyrologie (University of Heidelberg)
German language site. Includes a staff directory and current research projects.Centro di Studi Papirologici (University of Lecce)
Centro di Studi Papirologici (University of Lecce) Maintained by the University Papyrological Center. Includes images of Demotic papyri. Italian language site.Saskatoon Repository
Saskatoon Repository of the International Papyrological Photographic Archive (University of Saskatchewan) A comprehensive list of the holdings in the Archive, which contains photographic copies of the most-published papyri of the Cairo Museum and several universities. This site does not contain any of the photographs themselves.Papyrus Collection of the University of Copenhagen
Contains an inventory and photographic archive of the published papyri in the Carlsberg collection.Noncanonical Webpage
Contains Old and New Testament apocrypha and pseudepigrapha, as well as documents of the Church Fathers and the Nag Hammadi collection.Internet Classics Archive
Searchable archive of translated Greek and Roman texts.Early Church Documents
Translated documents of the early and medieval Christian church, as well as contemporary Jewish, Islamic, non-heterodox, and Hellenistic sources. Includes an annotated table of contents.Epigraphical Museum Athens
The Epigraphical Museum was founded in 1885 and it was established in the ground floor of the building of the National Archaeological Museum, which was constructed between 1866 and 1889, according to architectural plans by L.Lange and E.Ziller. It was renovated and extended in six new rooms, during the years 1953-1960, according to plans of the architect P.Karantinos. It comprises a collection of Attic inscriptions and also a collection of inscriptions from other districts of Greece. [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Duke Papyrus Archive
[ Browse | Search ] [ Information about papyri | Information about the Duke Papyrus Archive | Links to other sites ] [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Hellenistic Greek Linguistics
(James K. Tauber) [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Inscriptiones Graecae Eystettenses
Greek Inscriptions of Asia Minor [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Interpreting Ancient Manuscripts
(Timothy W. Seid, Brown University) [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Papyrology Homepage
With over 7,000 inventory numbers and more than 10,000 individual fragments, the University of Michigan is home to one of the largest collections of papyri in the world. Provides the public with access not only to our own papyrological collections but to many other papyrological resources as well. [Papyrology and Epigraphy]POxy Oxyrhynchus Papyri Project
Updated. (Oxford) [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Papyrological Photographic Archive
Program in Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology. Saskatoon Repository of International Papyrological Photographic Archive, (Department of Classics, University of Saskatoon) [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. Genizah Fragments The Newsletter of Cambridge University's Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit at Cambridge University Library (Cambridge University Library) [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Tebtunis Papyrus Project
(Bancroft Library, Berkeley) [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Thesaurus Lingua Graecae Home Page
The Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG®) is a research center at the University of California, Irvine. Founded in 1972 the TLG has already collected and digitized most literary texts written in Greek from Homer to the fall of Byzantium in AD 1453. Its goal is to create a comprehensive digital library of Greek literature from antiquity to the present era. [Papyrology and Epigraphy]University of Michigan Papyrus Collection
[Papyrology and Epigraphy]Yale Papyrus Collection
The Yale Papyrus Collection has formed gradually over the years since 1889, when it was founded. Many of the acquisitions consisted of unsorted fragments of manuscripts, and almost every item was in need of considerable conservation work. (Yale University), [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Abbildungen Heidelberger Papyri
(University of Heidelberg) [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents
(University of Oxford, England) [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Duke Papyrus Archive
(Duke University) [Papyrology and Epigraphy]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 10
From the captivity of the ten tribes to the first year of Cyrus. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 11
From the first of Cyrus to the death of Alexander the great. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 13
From the death of Judas Maccabeus to the death of queen Alexandra. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 14
From the death of queen Alexandra to the death of Antigonus. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 15
From the death of Antigonus to the finishing of the temple by Herod. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 16
From the finishing of the temple by Herod to the death of Alexander and Aristobulus. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 17
From the death of Alexander and Aristobulus to the banishment of Archelaus. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 18
From the banishment of Archelus to the departure from Babylon. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 19
From the departure out of Babylon to Fadus, the roman procurator. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 20
From Fadus the procurator to Florus. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]War of the Jews - Preface
Preface to War of the Jews. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]War of the Jews - Book 1
From the taking of Jerusalem by Antiochus Epiphanes to the death of Herod the great. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]War of the Jews - Book 2
From the death of Herod till Vespasian was sent to subdue the Jews by Nero. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]War of the Jews - Book 3
From Vespasian's coming to subdue the Jews to the taking of Gamala. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]War of the Jews - Book 4
From the siege of Gamala to the coming of Titus to besiege Jerusalem. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]War of the Jews - Book 5
From the coming of Titus to besiege Jerusalem, to the great extremity to which the Jews were reduced. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]War of the Jews - Book 6
From the great extremity to which the Jews were reduced to the taking of Jerusalem by Titus. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]War of the Jews - Book 7
From the taking of Jerusalem by Titus to the sedition at Cyrene. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Against Apion - Book 1
[The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Against Apion - Book 2
[The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Josephus's Discourse to the Greeks concerning Hades
Book 1 [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Tobit
The Book of Tobit, named after its principal hero, combines specifically Jewish piety and morality with oriental folklore in a fascinating story that has enjoyed wide popularity in both Jewish...[Apocryphal Book Listing]Judith
The Book of Judith is a vivid story relating how, in a grave crisis, God delivered the Jewish people through the instrumentality of a woman. The unknown author composed this edifying narrative ...[Apocryphal Book Listing]Additions to Esther
The Book of Esther is named after its Jewish heroine. It tells the story of the plot of Haman the Agagite, the jealous and powerful vizier of King Xerxes (Ahasuerus) of Persia (485-464 B.C.), to destroy ...[Apocryphal Book Listing]Wisdom of Solomon
The Book of Wisdom was written about a hundred years before the coming of Christ. Its author, whose name is not known to us, was a member of the Jewish community at Alexandria, in ...[Apocryphal Book Listing]Sirach
The Book of Sirach derives its name from the author, Jesus, son of Eleazar, son of Sirach (Sir 50:27). Its earliest title seems to have been "Wisdom of the Son of Sirach." ...[Apocryphal Book Listing]Baruch
The opening verses of this book ascribe it, or at least its first part, to Baruch, the well-known secretary of the prophet Jeremiah. It contains five very different compositions, the first and the last ...[Apocryphal Book Listing]Letter of Jeremiah
Usually placed at the end of Baruch as the sixth chaptter, it is patterned after the earlier letter of Jeremiah (29), in the spirit of the warnings against idolatry contained in Jeremiah 10 and Isaiah 44. Its earnestness is impressive, but in restating previous inspired teachings at a later day, it does so with no special literary grace ...[Apocryphal Book Listing]Additions to Daniel - Prayer of Azariah
The first addition consists of a prayer in which Azarias, standing in the midst of the furnace, asks that God may deliver him and his companions, Ananias and Misael, and put their enemies to shamea brief notice of the fact that the Angel of the Lord saved the Three Children from all harm, whereas the flame consumed the Chaldeans above the furnace ; and a doxology leading on to the hymn familiarly known as the "Benedicite". [Apocryphal Book Listing] [Additions to Daniel]Additions to Daniel - Susanna
The second addition tells the history of Susanna, a faithful wife of a wealthy Jew named Joakim, and resident in Babylon. Accused falsely of adultery by two unworthy elders whose criminal advances she had repelled, she was sentenced to death by the tribunal before which she had been arraigned. As Susanna was led forth to execution, Daniel, moved by God, accuses the people of condeming a daughter of Israel to death without sufficient inquiry. He then examines the two pretended witnesses separately and proves that their testimony is self-contradictory. In fulfilment of the Law of Moses, the two elders were put to death, "and Daniel became great in the sight of the people from that day, and thenceforward." [Apocryphal Book Listing] [Additions to Daniel]Additions to Daniel - Bell and the Dragon
The last addition contains the narrative of the destruction of Bel and the dragon. The first narrative recounts the clever manner in which Daniel shows the king that the offerings to the Babylonian idol, Bel, were really consumed at night by the pagan priests and their families: in consequence, these impostors were put to death, and Bel and its temple destroyed. The second recounts how Daniel caused to die a great dragon that the Babylonians worshipped. Enraged at this, the people forced the king to cast the Prophet into a lions' den. Daniel remained there unharmed for six days, and fed by the prophet Habakkuk who was miraculously transported from Judea to Babylon. On the seventh day, the king having found Daniel alive in the midst of the lions, praised aloud the God of Daniel and delivered the Prophet's accusers to the fate which Daniel had miraculously escaped. [Apocryphal Book Listing] [Additions to Daniel]Antiquities of the Jews - Preface
Preface to Antiquities of the Jews. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 1
From the Creation to the death of Isaac. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 2
From the death of Isaac to the exodus out of Egypt. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 3
From the exodus out of Egypt, to the rejection of that generation. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 4
From the rejection of that generation to the death of Moses. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 5
From the death of Moses to the death of Eli. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 6
From the death of Eli to the death of Saul. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 7
From the death of Saul to the death of David. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 8
From the death of David to the death of Ahab. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Antiquities of the Jews - Book 9
From the death of Ahab to the captivity of the ten tribes. [The Writings of Flavius Josephus]Center for the Study of Ancient Documents
Introduction to the services of the Center and an experimental digital archive of epigraphical images, available for downloading. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]University of Michigan Papyrus Collection
Contains an introduction to the University's papyrus collection, a list of papyrological tools, a selective bibliography, and a list of exhibitions and events. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]The Perseus Project
Large site containing search tools, Greek texts with English translation, searchable lexicons, and over 13,000 images of art and artifacts along with descriptions of the image and its context. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]Institut für Papyrologie (University of Heidelberg)
German language site. Includes a staff directory and current research projects. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]Centro di Studi Papirologici (University of Lecce)
Maintained by the University Papyrological Center. Includes images of Demotic papyri. Italian language site. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]Saskatoon Repository
Saskatoon Repository of the International Papyrological Photographic Archive (University of Saskatchewan) A comprehensive list of the holdings in the Archive, which contains photographic copies of the most-published papyri of the Cairo Museum and several universities. This site does not contain any of the photographs themselves. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]Papyrus Collection of the University of Copenhagen
Contains an inventory and photographic archive of the published papyri in the Carlsberg collection. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls
Maintained by the Orion Center at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The site contains up-to-date information about Orion Center services and symposia, virtual tours of the caves at Qumran, and a selective list of Dead Sea Scroll sites. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]Library of Congress Exhibit on the Dead Sea Scrolls
Background information on the Dead Sea Scrolls, and images of those fragments and artifacts displayed at the Library of Congress exhibit. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]Noncanonical Webpage
Contains Old and New Testament apocrypha and pseudepigrapha, as well as documents of the Church Fathers and the Nag Hammadi collection. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]Internet Classics Archive
Searchable archive of translated Greek and Roman texts. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]Early Church Documents
Translated documents of the early and medieval Christian church, as well as contemporary Jewish, Islamic, non-heterodox, and Hellenistic sources. Includes an annotated table of contents. [Ancient Documents] [Collections]Classical and Mediterranean Archaeology Homepage
Lengthy list of sites as well as search tools for classical and mediterranean archaeology, and lists of other indexes. [Index Sites] [Collections]1 Maccabbes
1 Maccabees was written about 100 B.C., in Hebrew, but the original has not come down to us. Instead, we have an early, pre-Christian, Greek translation full of Hebrew idioms ... [Apocryphal Book Listing]2 Maccabbes
Although this book, like the preceding one, receives its title from its protagonist, Judas Maccabee (or Maccabeus), it is not a sequel to 1 Maccabees. The two differ in many respects ... [Apocryphal Book Listing]1 Esdras
Although not belonging to the Canon of the Sacred Scriptures, this book is usually found in an appendix to the editions of the Vulgate. It is made up almost entirely from ... [Apocryphal Book Listing]Prayer of Manasseh
The Prayer of Manasses is an apocryphal writing which purports to give the prayer referred to in 2 Chronicles 33:13, 18-19. Its original is Greek... [Apocryphal Book Listing]3 Maccabees
The third does not hold a place in the Apocrypha, but is read in the Greek Church. Its design is to comfort the Alexandrian Jews in their persecution. Its writer was evidently an Alexandrian Jew... [Apocryphal Book Listing]2 Esdras
Known as 4 Esdras in most Latin manuscripts; the (Protestant) English apocrypha, however, give it as II Esdras, from the opening words: "The second book of the prophet Esdras"... [Apocryphal Book Listing]4 Maccabees
The fourth contains a history of the Jews from B.C. 184 to B.C. 86. It is a compilation made by a Jew after the destruction of Jerusalem, from ancient memoirs, to which he had access... [Apocryphal Book Listing]Apocrypha Translation List
Of the various translations we display on our site, only seven of them inlcude any of the Apocryphal (Deuterocanonical) books. Below is a table showing the seven translations and the books they include... [Apocryphal Book Listing]Josephus' Lineage
This graph of Josephus' lineage [right column] is a historical reconstruction based on information in the opening paragraph of his autobiography & other works. He claims to have recorded his genealogy "as I have found it described in the public records" [Life 1]. But when coordinated with historical information about the Hasmonean dynasty that he himself reports in his other works [left four columns] there are some obvious major generational discrepancies in his family tree. Josephus' count of his ancestors' generations would make him a fourth cousin of Herod's 2nd wife, Mariamne, who died sixty-eight years before he was born! Josephus' reports of his own experiences make it more probable that he was at most a sixth or, more likely, a seventh cousin of his near contemporary Herod Agrippa II, who was king of Iturea [southern Lebanon] in the decades surrounding the Jewish-Roman war of 66-70 CE.Census Edict for Roman Egypt
This document shows a census ordered by Gaius Vibius Maximus, the Rmoan Prefectus of Egypt. GREEK TEXT (from Hunt & Edgar 1934:108), TRANSLATION by K. C. Hanson (Adapted from Hunt & Edgar). Language: Greek; Medium: papyrus; Length: 21 lines of writing; Genre: Official Edict; Date: 104 CE; Place of Discovery: Egypt Date of Discovery: ? Current Location: British Museum, London.Marriage Contract From Egypt
This Greek document shows a Marriage Contract From Egypt written in 13 BC. It mentions Caesar Augustus and a Roman Drachma.Divorce Agreement from Egypt
This Greek document shows a Marriage Contract From Egypt written in 13 BC. It mentions Caesar Augustus and a Roman Drachma.Widow's Petition Ostracon
This pottery was discovered with 8 lines of Hebrew text. Legal Petition written around the 9th""7th centuries BCE.The Pilate Inscription
The Pilate Inscription [text & interpretation] Language: Latin; Medium: limestone; Size: 82 centimeters high 65 centimeters wide; Length: 4 lines of writing; Genre: Building Dedication Dedicator: Pontius Pilate (praefect of Judea) Approximate Date: 26-37 CE; Place of Discovery: Caesarea, Israel; Date of Discovery: 1961; Current Location: Israel Museum(Jerusalem)Josephus' References to Crucifixion
"Josephus (b. 37 C.E.) is our best literary source for the practice of crucifixion in Israel during the Greco-Roman period. As a general in command of the Jewish forces of Galilee in the Great Revolt against Rome (66-73 C.E.), he reports his attempts to save the lives of three crucified captives by appealing directly to the Roman general Titus. One survived the cross under a physician's care, the other two could not be saved." by Dr. James D. TaborLife of Christ: Gospels in Harmony
Ken Palmer organizes events from the life of Christ. The events are in approximate chronological order. When an event appears in more than one gospel, the parallel accounts are grouped together. Understand that this is a general guide. Since many passages omit clear time references, some of the sequencing is speculative.Quotations from Ancient Documents
Ancient documents (including the books in the Apocrypha). From Dr. K. C. Hanson's website. Israel in the Time of Jesus. The translator is indicated at the end of each passage; those marked "KCH" indicate K. C. Hanson's translations, and those marked "DEO" indicated Douglas E. Oakman's translations.The Complete King James Version
Old and New Testaments and Apocrypha.Thanks for helping:
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