Bible History
Search the Bible Online (KJV)
Bible History Online search tool. Browse every chapter and verse or search for a topic and bring up a unique sequence of results.Search the Bible Online (KJV)
Bible History Online search tool. Browse every chapter and verse or search for a topic and bring up a unique sequence of results.Browse the King James Bible
Browse from a list of every Book of the Bible, once your selection is made you can browse by chapter and verse.Bible Genealogy Diagram
SHOWING SOME ELEMENTS OF KINSHIP AND FAMILY ORGANIZATION: (OLD TESTAMENT [TANAKH]) Jim BeloteSearch the Bible
Use this tool to search for people places and events in the Bible.Walking the Bible Timeline
Walking the Bible is a production of TMC EntertainmentThe Disquisition
Disquisition of biblical scripture-How the flood and Noah's Ark were possible?-Where was the ancient city of Babel? -How could the lineage from Adam to Abraham be so accurate? -Biblical Creation against Evolution and the Big Bang? -Bible curruption? Rome, the Whore of Babylon? -and much moreFirst Plumbline Apologetics
Heresy and Great Apostasy in the Church Apologetics SiteReligion Detoxification: The Gospel Writers
A quote from the new religion detoxification book, The Gospel Writers. A theory of Historical Jesus set within the context of a social tool (the Ruling Class - Worker Bee model) developed and used by Walled City-States, c. 6,500 BCE, when kingships and hereditary monarchies began to replace democratic assembles.Bible History Online
Images and resources for the study of Biblical history.Guided Bible Studies for Hungry Christians
Popular Becker Bible studies challenge born again Christian students to focus on scripture to enlighten followers of Jesus Christ through the Word of God.Institute of Bible Technology, Hyderabad
The Institute is about condemning false preachings. We conduct Bible Research Seminars according to the Scriptures. We give Bible Training free of cost. We preach the Christ Crusified with the evidence of the Science and Technology.Crosswalk.com
Online Study Bible Bible In A Year Interlinear Bible Parallel Bible Commentaries Concordances Dictionaries Encyclopedias Lexicons History Sermon HelpsBlue Letter Bible
Charts and Outlines Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Introductions to Books of the Bible Timelines Missions Cults MiscellaneousResource Pages for Biblical Studies
Page One: Bible texts, translations and related texts. Page Two: Biblical Studies Electronically Published. Page Three: Aspects of the Mediterranean Social World. The Philo of Alexandria Page. These pages are intended as a resource for serious, scholarly studies of the early Christian writings and their social world.StudyLight.org
"- Interlinear Bible "- Parallel Bible "- Daily Reading Plan "- Devotionals "- Commentaries "- Concordances "- Dictionaries "- Encyclopedias "- Lexicons "- History "- Sermon Essentials "- Audio Resources "- Religious ArtworkGood News For a Better World
Please Read and also listen to the Word of God. The Bible in MP3 Audio Format.God's Story On-line a unique and accurate illustrated summary of the Holy Bible, focusing on God's plan of salvation... The Bible in MP3 Audio Format. The Bible in mp3 audio, real audio and windows media. Free download also Bible Search Tools,Screensavers and Free Bible Software. Free Bible Tools for searching the Blue Letter Bible . Biblical Word and Phrase Search Tool Searches the KJV Bible plus 6 Bible Dictionaries for any English Word.Bible Family Tree
Genealogy of the Bible from Genesis to Revelation, with details for every individual (if available), hebrew meanings of names, bible cross reference and approximate birth and death dates. You will also find detailed information about Mesopotamian history B.C.Following the Light - Scriptural Truths
The objective of Following the Light is to offer unbiased, scripturally based evidence to help people discover what God requires of them; bring hope to mankind, restore faith in God's promises, and bring glory to the Father and Son in Heaven.Angels on the Web
Angels on the Web is a comprehensive guide to angels in religion, culture and art. It covers the topic from every religious tradition""Judaism, Orthodoxy, Protestantism, Mormonism, you name it""and every angle. The highlight is a 550-thumbnail images library, from Medieval manuscripts to contemporary fantasy.American Standard Version - (ASV)
Full text of this version of the Bible.Ancient Lattice Windows
The lattice window looked very much like a fisherman's net, and was used in warm middle eastern countries. It was formed of reticulated work, and highly ornamental. They also had hinges which allowed them to be open or shut. On very hot days then sun is kept out while the air is let in through the trellis openings.Today's Word
Today's Word is a Campus Crusade for Christ verse by verse Bible exposition forming a principle and application that shows how to live out the principle. There are 2400 studies of 2-3 pages each.shekel-Syria
Judas was probably paid 30 shekels, one of which may have been of the type in this picture. This Syrian tetradrachm (shekel) was issued by the Romans in 46-40 B.C. copying the design issued under Philip Philadelphos, 93-83 B.C., but on a smaller coin. On the back side Zeus is holding Nike. [Bible Coins]Herod Agrippa I (37 - 44 AD)
Coins relating to the Idumaean Princes : Herod Agrippa I (37 - 44 AD) AE Prutah 41/42 AD Hendin 553, SGIC 5567 17 mm. 3.01 gm. Die position=12h reverse Obverse: Canopy with fringe; A[gamma]PI[pi]A BACI[lambda]EWC. Reverse: Three ears of barley, growing between two leaves; date L[stigma]. [Israel] [Coin Collecting]Herod Agrippa I (37 - 44 AD) reverse
Coins relating to the Idumaean Princes : Herod Agrippa I (37 - 44 AD) AE Prutah 41/42 AD Hendin 553, SGIC 5567 17 mm. 3.01 gm. Die position=12h reverse Obverse: Canopy with fringe; A[gamma]PI[pi]A BACI[lambda]EWC. Reverse: Three ears of barley, growing between two leaves; date L[stigma]. [Israel] [Coin Collecting]Porcius Festus (59 - 62 AD)
Coins relating to the Roman Procurators : Porcius Festus (59 - 62 AD) AE Prutah 58 AD Hendin 653, SGIC 5627 17 mm. 2.29 gm. Die position=12h Procurator under Nero reverse Obverse: Palm branch surrounded by date LE (year 5) and KAIC APOC. Reverse: Legend NEP WNO C (Nero) within wreath tied with X at bottom. [Israel] [Coin Collecting]Porcius Festus (59 - 62 AD) reverse
Coins relating to the Roman Procurators : Porcius Festus (59 - 62 AD) AE Prutah 58 AD Hendin 653, SGIC 5627 17 mm. 2.29 gm. Die position=12h Procurator under Nero reverse Obverse: Palm branch surrounded by date LE (year 5) and KAIC APOC. Reverse: Legend NEP WNO C (Nero) within wreath tied with X at bottom. [Israel] [Coin Collecting]the widow's mite
The coin name in King James English is the widow's "mite". The proper Greek name is lepton for any coin in this exhibit with similar size. The illustrated coin was one of the first, and most common, Jewish coins ever minted, dating from the time of Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 B.C.), a descendent of Judas Maccabee. Jewish leptons often show defects of hasty mintage methods.Drachma
The Greek coin word used in the above text is drachm or drachma for plural. Being similar to the Roman denarius, it is worth about a day's wages. This drachm is from the Syrian Empire. [Bible Coins]drachm
The Greek coin word used in the above text is drachm or drachma for plural. Being similar to the Roman denarius, it is worth about a day's wages. This drachm is from the Syrian Empire. [Bible Coins]denarius
The denarius is the origin of the symbol, d, for the old British penny, to which it deteriorated as a result of inflation. On today's ancient coin market an ordinary denarius still costs about a day's pay. Denarii made for the Roman Republic (before about 44 B.C.) typically had the names of the mint master or coin designer, as in this illustration. [Bible Coins]Render Unto Caesar Coin
notice what else is on the coin as titles (missing letters in small print). On the back Tiberius is called PONTIFex MAXIMus (high priest). But the Jews had their own high priest and Jesus is our High Priest. On the front is TIberius CAESAR DIVIni AUGusti Filius AUGUSTUS (=Tiberius, Caesar, Son of the Divine Augustus, Augustus). Since his father Augustus had already been declared a god, that would make Tiberius the son of a god. [Bible Coins]half shekel
The annual Temple tax paid by each adult male Jew was a half shekel of silver (Exodus 30:12-15). This coin, designed in Tyre and minted there and in Jerusalem, was acceptable at the Temple to pay that tax, but coins from other locations were not. Therefore the money changers performed a necessary service, providing that they were honest. Jesus threw out those who were not, saying "Is it not written: 'My house will be called a house of prayer for all nations'? But you have made it 'a den of robbers.'" (Mark 11:17) [Bible Coins]shekel-Tyre
Only the silver shekel minted in Tyre or Syria was acceptable at the Jerusalem Temple. Images of any god were forbidden, but all shekels from foreign countries had them. This one pictures the minor Greek god Melqarth, one of the least offensive to the Jews. All other silver coins had to be converted into this (or the Syrian) type for Temple use. So the 30 pieces of silver given to Judas were most likely 30 of these shekels. This shekel of Tyre was made in Jerusalem in 3 or 4 A.D. [Bible Coins]Widow`s Mites A popular Biblical coin
Mark 12:42-44 and Luke 21:2-4 tell the story of the Widow who gave all she had, two "mites". A number of tiny copper coins circulated in Judaea during the time of Christ so there is no way to establish any particular design as "the" Widow`s Mite. The coins were produced in vast quantities through the first century BC and first century AD. The quality of workmanship employed in the production of these coins varied from rushed to misreable. It is rather unusual to find a single coin that shows all of the legends and design on both sides. Sizes of individual specimens also vary greatly (some were halves of the whole `prutah` which itself was worth half of a Roman quadrans, the smallest denomination then being produced at Rome). Greek & Other Ancient Coins [Greece] [Coin Collecting]The Mesha Stele
(The Moabite Stone. Description with text. 830 BCE.Mesha Stele Photo
Moabite StoneLanguage: Moabite (a West Semitic Language)
Medium: basalt stone stele
Size: 1.15 meters high, 60-68 centimeters wide
Length: 35 lines of writing
Honoree: Mesha, king of Moab
(late 9th century BCE)
Approximate Date: 830 BCE
Place of Discovery: Dhiban [in modern Jordan]
Date of Discovery: 1868
Current Location: Louvre Museum (Paris, France)
Inventory number: AO 5066
Tiberius, Tribute Penny
Among collectors of ancient coins, the Tribute Penny has great appeal, especially to Christians. You may recall from your study of the Bible that Matthew 22:17-22, Mark 12:15-17 and Luke 20:22-26 all describe Jesus commenting on a denarius, a coin that we would refer to today as a "penny". [Bible] [Rome] [Coin]Herod the Great, and His Death
A brief study about the life and death of Herod the Great. For 40 years, Jewish history was dominated by HEROD THE GREAT. Rome needed a shrewd and capable agent in Israel, and in Herod the Great they felt they had found such a man. [Bible History Online Study]The Rosetta Stone
A brief study about the deciphering of the ancient Hieroglyphs and the discovering of the Rosetta Stone. [Bible History Online Study]Picture of The Rosetta Stone
This stone held the key to the deciphering of the ancient Hieroglyphs of Egypt [Bible History Online Study]Search RSV Bible (English Translation)
Selected Ancient Near Eastern TextsROME & CHRISTIANITY TIMELINE
CHRISTIAN TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS [People in History] [Tools and Searches]Evidence for The Resurrection of Christ
The resurrection of Jesus Christ is a fact of history and applies to every person's life. Because Jesus died, our debt was paid. Jesus' last words on the cross was, "It is finished", the debt has been paid. His death on the cross paid the debt for your sin and His resurrection gives you life. Eddie SnipesArcheology Confirms The Bible's Reliability
By Louis RushmoreHow Archeology Proved the Bible's Accuracy
By Louis RushmoreThe Anvil that Has Worn Out Many Hammers
Nineteenth century writer H.L. Hastings once forcibly illustrated the unique way in which the Bible has withstood the attacks of skepticism.The Book That Changed History
By Jay Rogers. It is subversive literature. It has led to the overthrow of governments, sparked mass migrations across oceans, and more than once changed the course of history. Governments - from the 16th-century English monarchy to the Communist Soviet Union - have gone to great lengths to restrict or even prevent its printing and distribution. Yet it has outlasted its enemies. It is the most popular book ever printed. No other has been translated into so many languages and few have had such impact on the development of those languages. It is, of course, the Bible, portions of which have been translated into 1,946 of the 5000 languages of the world. This includes 318 languages into which the entire Bible has been translated. No other book even comes close to these numbers.The Book That Has Survived Its Enemies
The Bible, like no other book in history, has withstood vicious attacks from its enemies. Many have tried to ban it, burn it and outlaw it ... from the days of the Roman emperors to the present-day tyrant-dominated nations. Sidney Collett, in All About the Bible, says, "Voltaire, the noted French infidel who died in 1778, said that in one hundred years from his time Christianity would be swept from existence and passed into history. But what has happened? Voltaire has passed into history, while the circulation of the Bible continues to increase in almost all parts of the world, carrying blessing wherever it goes.The Bible: Reliable Enough for Matthew Fontaine Maury
The Bible: Reliable Enough for "the Father of Modern Navigation"The Bible - Is It Authentic?
Through the centuries Christians have been called upon to give a reason or defense for their faith.1 Since the Scriptures lay at the very foundation of their faith in Christ, it has been incumbent upon Christian apologists to provide evidence for the inspiration of the Bible.Criticism of the Bible
" Got a Problem With the Bible?"Scientific Accuracy of the Bible
David M. Skjaerlund. The Bible, passed down through many generations of recorded history, is the basis of Christianity and contains God's instructions for man. The Bible also describes the origin of life on earth. Many have questioned whether a book written thousands of years ago could still be found accurate when scrutinized by modern science. But each time man thought that science contradicted the Bible, later scientific discoveries proved it to be true - while proving the previous scientific theories to be false.The Influence of the Bible
One writer has aptly noted that if every Bible in every city of the world was destroyed, the entire book could be restored by piecing together quotations from books on the shelves of public libraries. This example was given to show how often the Bible has been cited in the works of literature.What About All the "Contradictions" in the Bible?
There's a typical argument heard on campus, particularly in the religion department: "You can't trust the Bible because its full of inconsistencies and contradictions." Religion professors and skeptics of Christianity capitalize on the fact that there are thousands of various readings of both the Old and New Testaments ... leaving Christian faith with little to stand on.The Authority of Biblical Silence
By Louis Rushmore. Sometimes biblical silence is as outspoken as any Scriptural statement. What the Bible does not say contributes as much to Bible authority as what the Bible does say on any particular subject. It is precisely because the Bible does say something regarding a topic which causes biblical silence on the same topic to be authoritative. In areas, though, where the Bible stipulates nothing, in the same areas silence does not constitute Bible authority.Why Christianity Is Unique Among Religions
Some people think that Christianity is simply a certain set of beliefs and values, like any other world religion. But to those critics and scholars who have set out to study it, all have come away with the conclusion that Christianity is unique because it is based upon a historical event: namely, the resurrection of Jesus Christ.How We Got the Bible
Answering the most often asked questions. How was it decided which books belong in the Bible?The Book that Refused to Be Written
Dr. Frank Morrison, a lawyer who had been brought up in a rationalistic environment, had come to hold the opinion that the resurrection of Jesus Christ was nothing but a fairy tale happy ending which spoiled the matchless story of Jesus. He felt that he owed it to himself and to others to write a book which would present the truth about Jesus, expose the misconceptions, and dispel forever the mythical story of the resurrection. Upon studying the facts, however, he, too, came to a different conclusion. The sheer weight of the evidence compelled him to conclude that Jesus actually did rise from the dead.Got a Problem With the Bible?
It is not uncommon to hear critics of the Bible speak of its "contradictions" and "inaccuracies." Yet if one studies the history of ancient writings, it is obvious that no book in history has been so carefully preserved over the centuries.What are the Dead Sea Scrolls and why are they important?
The legends of what was contained in the Dead Sea Scrolls are far beyond what was actually there. There were no lost books of the Bible or other literature that there was not already other copies of. The vast majority of the Dead Sea Scrolls were simply copies of books of the Old Testament from 250-150 B.C. A copy or portion of nearly every Old Testament book was found in Qumran. There were extra-biblical and apocryphal books found as well, but again, the vast majority of the scrolls were copies of the Hebrew Old Testament. The Dead Sea Scrolls were such an amazing discovery in that the scrolls were in excellent condition and had remained hidden for so long (over 2000 years). The Dead Sea Scrolls can also give us confidence in the reliability of the Old Testament manuscripts since there were minimal differences between the manuscripts that had previously been discovered and those that were found in Qumran.Countering Bible Contradictions
A list of 143 purported Bible contradictions, along with a suggestion for more contradictions not found in this list.Are There Errors And Contradictions In The Bible?
We often get questions along the lines of "Explain how these verses do not contradict!" or "Look, here is an error in the Bible!" Admittedly, some of the things people bring up are difficult to answer. However, there are viable and intellectually plausible answers to every supposed Bible contradiction and error. Many "Bible attackers" are even aware of the answers, but they continue to use the same old shallow attacks again and again.Is the Genesis account of creation to be read literally?
The Genesis account is to be accepted as true and as inspired by God. However, other creation accounts in Scripture (Job 38 and Psalm 104) allow us to conclude that, for the Hebrews, it was more important to present an account of origins that would meet the needs of people constantly tempted to lapse into idolatry and paganism. In contrast to the secular accounts of the ancients' many diverse gods and goddesses who fought among themselves and created worlds and systems out of each other's dead carcasses, the Hebrew creation account is orderly, elegant and beautiful to read. The God of Genesis 1 towers over all things that were made. He calls them into being solely by his sovereign will. There is order, beauty and simplicity. Some scholars are convinced that this was done in six literal days and nights as the account reads. Plain Truth MinistriesEvolution: fact or fantacy?
Evolution: Theory Or Fact? Scientists comments on the scientific basis of Darwin's Theory of Evolution Darwin's theory of evolution is exactly that: a theory, with little in the way of hard scientific evidence to back it up. Yet it has been accepted almost as an article of faith in the modern world. However, as the following shows there are many within the scientific community who have voiced serious doubts over what still remains no more than a theory. Don't expect the mainstream media to make too much of the following though; the powers that be would rather we accept Darwin's theory as a proven fact rather than question it. Because that might lead us to question other accepted notions and dogmas, which in turn might even prompt us to start thinking for ourselves. And that is something the powers that be do not want to happen; their power rests on our acquiescence, which in turn depends on our ignorance, cultivated and conditioned by the mainstream media. Ed.Scientific Accuracy of the Bible
David M. Skjaerlund. The Bible, passed down through many generations of recorded history, is the basis of Christianity and contains God's instructions for man. The Bible also describes the origin of life on earth. Many have questioned whether a book written thousands of years ago could still be found accurate when scrutinized by modern science. But each time man thought that science contradicted the Bible, later scientific discoveries proved it to be true "" while proving the previous scientific theories to be false.Apologetics
Topics in Apologetics. Brief discussions and videos for sale.Old Latin Bible open
on double page, close-up, overhead view (Tony Stone Images)Pontius Pilate under Tiberius 2 (Coin)
AE Prutah, 14mm. Lituus and Greek inscription (Tiberius Caesar)/Date LIH (year 18 = AD31) in wreath. This coin was minted after the crucifixion and was in circulation while Paul was persecuting Jesus' followers. [Coins of Jesus' time]Herod Antipas (Coin)
AE 1/4 Unit. Reed and date (LK'delta'), Greek inscription (=Herod Tetrarch)/TIB.PIAC in 2 lines in wreath, H65. Herod Antipas was the Tetrarch of the Galilee. [Coins of Jesus' time]AR Shekel or Tetradrachm (Coin)
Phoenicia, Tyre, after 126 BC, AR Shekel (or Tetradrachm) (14.4g). Melqarth head rt/Eagle standing left on thunderbolt. These Tyrian Tetradrachms are the "30 pieces of silver" with which the temple authorities paid Judas Iscariot. [Coins of Jesus' time]Agrippa I (Coin)
AD 37-44, AE Prutah, 17mm. Umbrella-like canopy, Greek inscription (the king Agrippa)/Three barley ears, date (year 6) Herod Agrippa was close to the mad emperor Caligula. In a persecution of the followers of Jesus, he executed James, "The Great." [Coins of Jesus' time]Agrippa II (Coin)
pre-royal coinage, mint of Caesarea Maritima, AE 19mm. Laureate bust of nero, Greek inscription (Nero Augustus Caesar)/Bust of Agrippina left, Greek inscription (Agrippina Augusta) It was under Agrippa II when the High Priest Ananus illegally executed Jesus' brother James, the Righteous (62 CE). [Coins of Jesus' time]An image of the Ten Commandments (Ancient Hebrew Script)
Image reproduction of the Ten Commandments in the ancient Hebrew script of the time of Moses.The Earliest New Testament Fragment - P52
Info and image. [Manuscripts] [image]Great Isaiah Scroll Complete Manuscript Image
An index to images of the entire Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa=Qa), dated to the second century B.C. [Bible manuscripts]Great Isaiah Scroll Complete Manuscript Image
An index to images of the entire Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa=Qa), dated to the second century B.C. [Bible manuscripts]Great Isaiah Scroll Complete Manuscript Image
An index to images of the entire Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa=Qa), dated to the second century B.C. [Bible manuscripts]Ancient Egypt Glossary of Terms
Over Egypt's past, many terms from many origins have come into use. In order to understand the Egyptian past, we have included a glossary of terms.The Origin and Development of the English Bible
The origin of the English Bibles of today can be traced to a time when men, under the divine inspiration of God, first wrote the books of the Bible. This word of God was transmitted from generation to generation by handwritten copies and by word-of-mouth. As men began to realize how valuable these teachings were, attempts were made to collate these teachings into a single comprehensive book. [Versions] [Bible History]Does Archaeology Support Bible History?
Book Excerpt from Hard Sayings of the Bible by Walter C. Kaiser Jr., Peter H. Davids, F. F. Bruce and Manfred T. Brauch [Archaeology] [Bible History]Does Archaeology Support Bible History?
Book Excerpt from Hard Sayings of the Bible by Walter C. Kaiser Jr., Peter H. Davids, F. F. Bruce and Manfred T. Brauch [Archaeology] [Bible History]Bible Archaeology
The aim of this special edition is to point the reader to the wealth of information that has literally been unearthed by the spades of patient, dedicated people which helps to confirm the historical accuracy of the Bible - God`s Word. [Archaeology] [Bible History]Bible Archaeology
Many topics on the subject. How does archaeology conclusively demonstrate the Bible to be reliable and unique among all the holy books of world religions? [Archaeology] [Bible History]Archaeological Tour in the steps of Jesus
Text and Images [Archaeology] [Bible History]History and the New Testament
By Jack Kilmon, Text and Images [Archaeology] [Bible History]A Chronology of the First Century of Christianity
By Jack Kilmon [Timeline] note: I do not necessarily agree to this timeline but it is helpful.Coin of Augustus
Coin of Augustus, 27BC-AD14, AR Cistophorus (12.20g). IMP CAESAR, his head rt/Six grain ears tied together, AVGV-STVS across field, RIC478 (R). Ephesus mint. This coin would have been in circulation when the 12 year old Jesus visited the Temple for his taking of vows. [Coins of Jesus' time]Herod I, the Great (Coin)
40-4 BC,AE 8 Prutot, 23mm. Tripod, date (year 3) and monogram in Greek (of king Herod)/Helmet, star above flanked by 2 palm branches. This coin would have been in circulation when Joseph became betrothed to Mary. [Coins of Jesus' time]Herod I, the Great - 2 (Coin)
Herod I, 'the Great', 40-4 BC, AE 8 Prutot. Crested helmet and star flanked by palms/Thymaterion (incense burner), date(year 3) and monogram, Greek legend around (= of King Herod) This coin was in circulation when the Bar Yosef family was in Egypt. [Coins of Jesus' time]Herod Archelaus (Coin)
4BC-6AD, AE Prutot, 18mm. Double cornucopiae with parallel horns, Greek inscription (Herod)/War galley left, Greek inscription above (Ethnarch). This coin was in circulation during the early childhood of Jesus in Nazareth. [Coins of Jesus' time]Tiberius (Coin)
AD14-37, AR Denarius. Bust rt/PONT MAXIM, 'Livia' seated rt. as Pax holds branch, SR567. This is the "Tribute Penny" These coins would have been in circulation throughout Jesus' adult life. This would have been the coin he held for his "render to Caesar" response. [Coins of Jesus' time]Coponius under Augustus (Coin)
AE Prutah, 16mm. Barley ear, Greek inscription (Caesar)/Palm tree, date in field (year 36 = AD6) This coin was minted by the first Prefect of Judea after the fall of Archelaus in the wake of the Galilean uprising of Judas of Gamala. Jesus would have been about 12 years old. [Coins of Jesus' time]Valerius Gratus under Tiberius (Coin)
AE Prutah, 16mm. Greek inscription (Julia - refers to Julia Livia, mother of Tiberius) in wreath/Laurel branch, date (year 2 = AD15). This coin was in circulation when Joseph Caiaphas was appointed Hight Priest. [Coins of Jesus' time]Pontius Pilate under Tiberius (Coin)
AE Prutah, 15mm. Simpulum, Greek inscription and date LIS (year 16 = AD29)/Three wheat ears, Greek inscription. This coin was minted and in circulation during the active ministry of Jesus. [Coins of Jesus' time]Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch
Thus, the external evidence is overwhelmingly in favor of Mosaic authorship of the core substance (and most of the form) of the Pentateuch. We have seen that the internal evidence for the antiquity of the Pentateuchal materials is exceedingly abundant, and that the external witness to Mosaic authority is virtually unanimous and very early. The main residual challenges to Mosaic authorship are in supposed historical inaccuracies (e.g. domestication of the camel), which I cannot go into now, but will later. The vast array of KNOWN historical points of validation, however, should engender a sense of humility in us, before judging this surprisingly accurate text as being in error! [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Discussion of the Septuagint
Some questions asked to Glenn Miller [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Evidence for the doctrine of the Trinity within the O.T.
Is there evidence for the doctrine of the Trinity within the OT? [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Transmission of the Old Testament
The OT was basically finished around 400 BC., but the earliest full copies (of all the books together) we have are from around 900 AD....we have fragments earlier, and can historically reconstruct the text back to around 100 AD. (beginning of the Talmudist period)...in this regards, the mss tradition is comparable to other classical literature...but the means of transmission of that text is so bizarre as to suggest that its reliability is very, very high... [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Transmission of the Hebrew Text
The OT was basically finished around 400 BC., but the earliest full copies (of all the books together) we have are from around 900 AD....we have fragments earlier, and can historically reconstruct the text back to around 100 AD. (beginning of the Talmudist period)...in this regards, the mss tradition is comparable to other classical literature...but the means of transmission of that text is so bizarre as to suggest that its reliability is very, very high... by John H. Skilton [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Transmission of the Greek New Testament
The finalizing of the canon of the NT... [New Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]How The Bible Came To Us
Understanding how the Bible came to us gives us a confident foundation for our faith in the reliability the Bible. Evidence presented in a criminal case must be shown to have been protected by a proper chain of custody from being tampered with. We will be able to answer to critics when they claim that the New Testament contains 200,000 errors. We will have some understanding of why the newer translations such as the NIV and NASV differ from the King James Versions at various points. Wesley Ringer [New Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Exactly WHEN was the name of YHWH revealed to Israel?
[Old Testament Studies] [Bible History]Who were the Sons of God in Genesis 6?
[Old Testament Studies] [Bible History]Adam, Eve, and Incest
[Old Testament Studies] [Bible History]What are the oldest NT manuscripts we posess?
[New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Dating the Oldest New Testament Manuscipts
by Peter van Minnen [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Manuscripts Support for the Bible's Reliability
Thus, in the Bible as we have it (and as it is conveyed to us through faithful translations) we do have for practical purposes the very Word of God, inasmuch as the manuscripts do convey to us the complete vital truth of the originals. By practicing the science of textual criticism - comparing all the available manuscripts with each other - we can come to an assurance regarding what the original document must have said. [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]The New Testament what does the Record Tell Us?
How important are the dates of these manuscripts? Are the oldest the most valuable? The three oldest vellum manuscripts are complete, or near-complete, copies of the New Testament. [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Manuscript support for the Bible's Reliability
Manuscript Support for the Bible's Reliability by Ron Rhodes Manuscript Evidence for the New Testament There are more than 24,000 partial and complete manuscript copies of the New Testament. These manuscript copies are very ancient and they are available for inspection now. There are also some 86,000 quotations from the early church fathers and several thousand Lectionaries (church-service books containing Scripture quotations used in the early centuries of Christianity). Bottom line: the New Testament has an overwhelming amount of evidence supporting its reliability. [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Chronology of composition of the books of the NT
A likely chronology of composition of the books of the NT and other early Christian sources. [Timelines] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Chronology of composition of the books of the NT
A chronology of composition of the books of the NT and other early Christian sources by Tom Elseroad. [Timelines] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Manuscript evidence for superior New Testament reliability
The New Testament is constantly under attack and its reliability and accuracy are often contested by critics. But, if the critics want to disregard the New Testament, then they must also disregard other ancient writings by Plato, Aristotle, and Homer. This is because the New Testament documents are better preserved and more numerous than any other ancient writing. Because the copies are so numerous, they can be cross checked for accuracy. This process has determined that the biblical documents are extremely consistent and accurate. There are presently 5,686 Greek manuscripts in existence today for the New Testament.1 If we were to compare the number of New Testament manuscripts to other ancient writings, we find that the New Testament manuscripts far outweigh the others in quantity. [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Critique of New Testament Reliability Response
James Still's "Critique of New Testament Reliability and 'Bias' in NT Development"--my initial response (cont.). [Timelines] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Critique of New Testament Reliability Response
James Still's "Critique of New Testament Reliability and 'Bias' in NT Development"--my initial response (cont.). [Answers]] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Christian 'bias' in the NT Writers
Does it render the NT unreliable or inadmissible as evidence? [Answers]] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Christian 'bias' in the NT Writers
Does it render the NT unreliable or inadmissible as evidence? [Answers]] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]On an objection about Luke, Quirinius, and Herods
Questions asked to Glenn Miller [Answers]] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]On an objection about Luke, Quirinius, and Herods
Questions asked to Glenn Miller [Answers]] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Reliability of the New Testament and alleged Bias
My Interaction with James Still over the alleged bias and reliability of the NT by Glenn Miller [Answers]] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Reliability of the New Testament and alleged Bias
My Interaction with James Still over the alleged bias and reliability of the NT by Glenn Miller [Answers]] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]The Synoptic Problem
The Synoptic Problem concerns the literary relationship between and among the first three canonical gospels, or the "synoptic gospels." Specifically, a solution to the Synoptic Problem must account for the similarities and differences in content, order, and wording. The literary relation may be either direct (one Evangelist possessed one of the gospels) or indirect (two Evangelists having access to a shared source). The sources may be written or oral; one or a multitude. [Answers]] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]The Comments in the Debate with James Still
Topical Index to great responses by Glenn Miller dealing with detailed issues of the New Testament's reliability [Answers]] [New Testament Studies] [Bible History]Was First Clement aware of the NT materials?
esp. written copies of them? [Answers]] [Church History] [Bible History]Clement and OT and NT materials
Did First Clement consider the NT materials to be on a par with the OT materials? [Answers]] [Church History] [Bible History]Did Clement use inauthentic sources?
and could he even tell the difference? [Answers]] [Church History] [Bible History]Was Jesus dishonest?
Was Jesus really fraudulent, dishonest, sacrilegious, and conspiratorial [Answers]] [Church History] [Bible History]Literacy and time measurement in the Ancient World
[Answers] [Bible History]On the parting of the Red Sea
[Answers] [Bible History]On Joshua's 'long day'
[Answers] [Bible History]On Joshua's 'long day'
[Answers] [Bible History]On the parting of the Red Sea
[Answers] [Bible History]On the reversal of the sun by Isaiah
[Answers] [Bible History]On the reversal of the sun by Isaiah
[Answers] [Bible History]Messianic Expectations in 1st Century Judaism
Documentation from Non-Christian Sources [Answers] [Jesus]God's Witness in History--the miracle of the Bible"
Nice Outline from an ongoing weekly/fortnightly Course taught by Glenn Miller at the Palo Alto Pennisula Bible Church [Answers] [Bible History]Questions about the Bible
Is the Bible truly God's Word? What is Bibliology? With so many Bible versions today which one is the best translation? How and when were the books of the Bible put together? What is the canon of Scripture? [Answers] [Bible History]How 'non-Jesus' was paul really?
How much clearer can the data be?! The concept of a 'crucified Messiah' was in the Tanakh/OT and on the lips of Jesus--it was certainly not original with PAUL!! How about the other apostles? Peter, James, John, and others--do they speak of a 'crucified Christ'? Of course they do! [Answers] [Bible History]Theistic Philosophers on the Web
The following is a list of individuals who classify themselves as both philosophers and theists. They work in such diverse areas as metaphysics, epistemology, logic, action theory, ethics, aesthetics, philosophy of language, philosophy of logic, philosophy of science, philosophy of religion, philosophical theology, existentialism, phenomenology, political philosophy, and the history of philosophy. [Philosophy]Voice of the Shuttle: Philosophy Page
"- General Philosophy Resources "- Philosophical Fields "- Modern Philosophical Movements "- Philosophers & Works "- Other Philosophy Sites & Projects "- Philosophy Journals "- Philosophy Listservs & Newsgroups "- Course Syllabi "- Departments, Programs, Associations, Jobs "- Philosophy Conferences [Philosophy]The Society of Christian Philosophers
The Society of Christian Philosophers was organized in 1978 to promote fellowship among Christian Philosophers and to stimulate study and discussion of issues which arise from their Christian and philosophical commitments. One of its chief aims is to go beyond the usual philosophy of religion sessions at the American Philosophical Association and to stimulate thinking about the nature and role of Christian commitment in philosophy. [Philosophy]The Evangelical Philosophical Society
[Philosophy]A Christian ThinkTank
Series, Syllabi, and Larger Studies The Miracles of Jesus The Trinity Women in the Bible Slavery in the Bible The Making of the OT/Tanach The Christian Worldview The Work of Christ on the Cross The NT 'bias' and composition The issue of the Canon Messianic Prophecy An exploration in Theodicy Competing Claims to "Truth"? Christian arguments and conclusiveness? Why does Christianity need so much defending, if it's true? Exploring the process of revelation Notes from the Edge of my bible (vss comments) Of Interest to Followers of Other Religions For students of Islam Paul versus Jesus? (and versus James, etc) Nazarenes/Ebionites the only true Christians? For students of Judaism Did the messianic Jewish Believers use the Hebrew Bible deceitfully in the NT? Were 1st-century Jews expecting a Messiah? Was Jesus a failure as a Messiah? Why believe Jesus was the Messiah when he did not fulfill all the prophecies? Does the New Testament contradict the Hebrew bible by saying the 'eternal law' has been changed? Was Jesus' sacrifice on the Cross a case of illegal human sacrifice? Was John's Gospel anti-Semitic? Was Paul's statement in 1 Thess 2 anti-Semitic? [Philosophy]Reasoning from the Scriptures Ministries
Millennial Madness Confusion in Christian Music? Recovering from the Recovery Movement Strategies for Dialoguing with Atheists The Debate Over Feminist Theology: Which View Is Biblical? Black Theology, Black Power, and the Black Experience Christian Revolution in Latin America: The Changing Face of Liberation Theology The Christ of the New Age Movement The Jesus of the New Age Movement Esotericism and Biblical Interpretation Enter The Dragon? Wrestling With The Martial Arts Phenomenon (Part One: The Historical-Philosophical Backdrop) Enter the Dragon? Wrestling with the Martial Arts Phenomenon (Part Two: A Christian Assessment) The Eye of Faith Summary of Problems with Posttribulationism The Doctrine of the Tribulation in Relation to the Rapture Witnessing to Jews Witnessing to Liberals Close Encounters of the Celestial Kind: Evaluating Today's Angel Craze The Inspiration of Scripture Interpreting Scripture Manuscript Evidence for the Bible The Case for Unlimited Atonement Is Universalism Biblical? Is Purgatory Biblical? Is Reincarnation Biblical? Is Annihilationism Biblical? Important Creeds of Christendom A Biblical Perspective on Suicide [Apologetics Sites]Alpha and Omega Ministries
Alpha and Omega Ministries is dedicated to providing the most up-to-date, faithful defense of the historic Protestant position on the sufficiency of Scripture and salvation. We are a Reformed ministry, fully believing in what are commonly called the "doctrines of grace." We firmly believe in the Trinity, the deity of Christ, the person of the Holy Spirit, and salvation by grace through faith alone. We hold to the "solas" of the Reformation: sola scriptura, sola gratia, sola fide, soli Deo gloria. [Apologetics Sites]Answers in Action
A Fresh Agenda For Apologetics In The 21st Century John Morehead Answers In Action: Facts About The Jesus Seminar And Founder Robert W. Funk Apollonius Of Tyana: A Rival To Christ Appeal Denied: How challenging The Verdict Fails To Overturn the Case For Christ Can God Create A Stone So Heavy That He Cannot Move It? Change Your Mind Christian Apologetics Manifesto, By Douglas Groothius Does Jesus Teach That God Is Unjust? Fantasies, Legends, And Heroes Fantasies, Legends, And Heroes: Bob Passantino's Talk Presented To The Evangelical Ministry To New Religions Conference Outlining Some Of The Basic Critical Thinking Skills Needed To Have An Effective Cult Apologetics Ministry. Gordon R. Lewis Reviews A Tapestry Of Faiths: The Common Threads Between Christianity And World Religions By Winfried Corduan. Hot Thoughts How Can You Say Jesus Is The Only Way To God? How Far Can We Trust The Bible? If God Is Good, Why Is There So Much Suffering In The World? Is Truth Relative? The Golden Rule Apologetic. How The Golden Rule Applys To Apologetics The Mission Field On Your Desktop [Apologetics Sites]Stand to Reason
Various topics like: Abortion Apologetics Ethics Euthanasia Evolution Homosexuality Miscellaneous Topics Philosophy Reflections on Life Science Social Issues Theology. About Stand to Reason Our Vision Our vision is to provide the training to build a new generation of confident, courageous, yet winsome and attractive ambassadors for Christ capable of restoring credibility to the Christian world view. Our Mission Stand to Reason trains Christians to think more clearly about their faith and to make an even-handed, incisive, yet gracious defense for classical Christianity and classical Christian values in the public square. Our Strategy Stand to Reason has a strategy to change the world God gives us access to. Our plan has six parts, and we're working our plan very intentionally. Radio Self-directed Training Curricula Public Speaking and Seminars Publications Cyberspace Outposts [Apologetics Sites]Ravi Zacharias International Ministries
In a generation not unlike ours, Jesus declared, "You will know the Truth and the Truth will set you free." Throughout history the message of Christ has faced significant challenges from other worldviews, from the academy, and from culture. And understandably so, for Jesus claimed to be unique in every way. Is a message so exclusive plausible? We believe it is, and we at Ravi Zacharias International Ministries seek to reach and challenge those who shape the ideas of a culture with the credibility and the beauty of the gospel of Jesus Christ. To the questions of the skeptic and the believer we offer an apologetic "" we give an answer "" to the counterclaims of secularism and other worldviews. We address the intellectual and essential assumptions of our culture, realizing that for some, the door to the heart is through the mind, and for others through the imagination. RZIM is committed to reaching this generation around the world - in the university, the arts, politics, business, and the church. Through open forums, community outreach, and various media, we seek to remove the barriers to the cross for the skeptic and we prepare Christians to give a reason for the hope within us. Ravi Zacharias International Ministries - stirring the imagination and impelling the mind to see the beauty and credibility of the Gospel of Jesus Christ [Apologetics Sites]Christian Answers Network
How do I witness to my peers when they seem to have knowledgeable s against all of my beliefs? Aren't all religions basically the same? THE NEW TOLERANCE for all beliefs - It's politically correct, but does it hold danger for followers of Christ? Is love the same thing as tolerance? Does Christianity need to develop a NEW gospel adapted to today's world? A skeptic says: "I am perfectly content as a non-Christian. I do not believe in an afterlife and would never consider a religion so restrictive and exclusive as Christianity anyway." Response A skeptic asks: Why should any one have to accept ancient hearsay as evidence for the existence of a god? What if the cosmos is all that there is? What about the Psalm 91 promises? "...no harm will befall you, no disaster will come near your tent..." [Apologetics Sites]Reasons to Believe
Whether you are looking for scientific support for your faith or answers to questions about God and science, Reasons To Believe exists for you. Evidence for Design Creation vs. Evolution Age of the Earth The Bible and Science Questions about Christianity Hot Topics Christian leaders open to old-earth interpretation This Week's Creation Update Creation Update Topical Index 2003's Top-Ten Discoveries Astronomy Picture of the Day Resource Helper Browse our Products Hotline How to become a Christian [Apologetics Sites]The Everlasting Man
by G.K. Chesterton [Evolution] [Jesus] [Apologetics Sites]Glossary of Linguistics Terms
[Linguistics] [Glossary]A Glossary of Literary Terms
and A Handbook of Rhetorical Devices [Glossary]Church History Glossary of Terms
[Glossary]Linguistic glossary (SIL site)
[Glossary] [Linguistics]Divisions and Organization of the Text (Chapters and Verses)
When and where were they put in? [NT Studies]Versions of the New Testament
[Versions] [NT Studies]Manuscript Categories
[Manuscripts] [NT Studies]Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts
The Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM), under the umbrella of The Center for the Research of Early Christian Documents (CRECD), exists for the following purposes: To make digital photographs of extant Greek New Testament manuscripts so that such images can be preserved, duplicated without deterioration, and accessed by scholars doing textual research. To utilize developing technologies (OCR, MSI, etc.) to read these manuscripts and create exhaustive collations. To analyze individual scribal habits in order to better predict scribal tendencies in any given textual problem. To publish on various facets of New Testament textual criticism To develop electronic tools for the examination and analysis of New Testament manuscripts. To cooperate with other institutes in the great and noble task of determining the wording of the autographa of the New Testament. [Online Text Archives] [Study Tools] [Collections]The Online Greek Bible
Greek Bible study resources: Greek New Testament. Ancient Greek (biblical / classical) material including: Online texts (accented Greek New Testament), Shopping for printed materials, and Resources for learning and studying Ancient Greek. [Online Text Archives] [Study Tools] [Collections]CCAT Biblical texts - Apostolic Fathers
Epistle of Barnabas Lightfoot 1 Clement Lightfoot 2 Clement Lightfoot Didache [Hoole] or, alternatively, the Lightfoot translation Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus Lightfoot another translation The Shepherd of Hermas Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Magnesians Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Philadelphians Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Romans Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans Lightfoot Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians Lightfoot Fragments of Papias Epistle of Polycarp (to the Philippians) Lightfoot Martyrdom of Polycarp LightfootCenter for Computer Analysis of Texts (CCAT), Biblical texts. Including morphologically tagged MT & LXX, and parallel aligned MT//LXX [Online Text Archives] [Study Tools] [Collections]BUBL Bible links
Translations unavailable elsewhere, e.g. Scandanavian ones. [Online Text Archives] [Study Tools] [Collections]The Making of the Old Testament
Data concerning HOW and TO WHAT EXTENT historical information passed down to Moses, the content originator of the first five books of the Bible. Note: The authorship of the first five books of the Bible is acribed to Moses by Jesus. This is BY FAR the most important reason to take traditional Mosaic authorship issues seriously. The antiquity and historical trustworthiness of the Pentateuch is taught very clearly by the Lord. [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Making of the Old Testament
Data concerning HOW and TO WHAT EXTENT historical information passed down to Moses, the content originator of the first five books of the Bible. Note: The authorship of the first five books of the Bible is acribed to Moses by Jesus. This is BY FAR the most important reason to take traditional Mosaic authorship issues seriously. The antiquity and historical trustworthiness of the Pentateuch is taught very clearly by the Lord. [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]A brief note about the Documentary Hypothesis...
"The evidence presented here points to the following conclusion: there is much more uniformity and much less fragmentation in the book of Genesis than generally assumed. The standard division of Genesis into J, E, and P strands should be discarded. This method of source criticism is a method of an earlier age, predominantly of the 19th century. If new approaches to the text, such as literary criticism of the type advanced here, deem the Documentary Hypothesis unreasonable and invalid, then source critics will have to rethink earlier conclusions and start anew." [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]A brief note about the Documentary Hypothesis...
"The evidence presented here points to the following conclusion: there is much more uniformity and much less fragmentation in the book of Genesis than generally assumed. The standard division of Genesis into J, E, and P strands should be discarded. This method of source criticism is a method of an earlier age, predominantly of the 19th century. If new approaches to the text, such as literary criticism of the type advanced here, deem the Documentary Hypothesis unreasonable and invalid, then source critics will have to rethink earlier conclusions and start anew." [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Good questions on JEDP
"The evidence presented here points to the following conclusion: there is much more uniformity and much less fragmentation in the book of Genesis than generally assumed. The standard division of Genesis into J, E, and P strands should be discarded. This method of source criticism is a method of an earlier age, predominantly of the 19th century. If new approaches to the text, such as literary criticism of the type advanced here, deem the Documentary Hypothesis unreasonable and invalid, then source critics will have to rethink earlier conclusions and start anew." [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]What is the JEDP Theory?
In brief, the JEDP theory states that the first five books of the Bible, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, were not written entirely by Moses, who died in 1451 B.C., but also by different authors / compliers after Moses. The theory is based on the fact that different names are used for God in different portions of the Pentateuch, and there are detectable differences in linguistic style. The letters of the JEDP theory stand for the four supposed authors; the author who uses Jehovah for God's name, the author who uses Elohim for God's name, the author of Deuteronomy, and the likely Priestly author of Leviticus. The JEDP theory goes on to state that the different portions of the Pentateuch were likely compiled in the 4th Century B.C., possibly by Ezra. [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Creation and the Flood
Some literary data against the hypothesis that the creation/flood accounts , the Mosaic law and other books of the OT were 'borrowed' from surrounding religious traditions [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Flood and Noah Discussions
Christian ThinkTank (Scroll down to Flood) Noah's ark -- the problem of size(5k) "Is there extra-biblical evidence for Post-flood longevity?(10k) Relationship between the Flood and Chinese Characters(2k) How could a God of Love order the massacre/annihilation of the Canaanites?(97k) Who were the "Sons of God" in Genesis 6?(2k) How likely is it that Noah was the only righteous person on the whole earth, at the time of the Flood?(63k) Are there any extra-biblical refs to longevity BEFORE the flood?(10k) [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Mosaic Law (was it borrowed?)
Mosaic authorship of Pentateuch? Some literary data against the hypothesis that the creation/flood accounts , the Mosaic law and other books of the OT were 'borrowed' from surrounding religious traditions [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Master Index of Subjects and Questions
Large index of subjects by The Christian ThinkTank [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Issue of Borrowing
One issue that typically arises in a study of the writing and transmission of the OT 'core' material, is that of 'borrowing'. This issue concerns to what extent the OT writers 'borrowed' ideas, theology, laws, religious practices from their 'pagan' neighbors, maybe even to the point of being dependent on those pagan ideas. There are those who claim that Judeo-Christianity is a 'copycat' religion, being created by massive plagiarism of the other (perhaps more basic and 'truer') religions of the world. Since many of the alleged 'borrowings' occurred in the Wisdom Books of Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes, I thought it would be good to survey these allegations, as well as to sketch out the nature and extent of Israel's borrowings from her neighbors in the ANE (Ancient Near East). [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Canon of the Old Testament
I. The term "Canon". II. The Purpose of a Canon of Scripture. III. The Hebrew Canon. IV. The Greek Canon. (Ancient Near East). [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Hittite Treaty forms
The ANE (Ancient Near East) of the second millennium utilized a treaty form that has come to be called the Hittite vassal treaty. This treaty format had a VERY specific structure, with little or no variability in the order of those elements. It was pervasive in the ANE throughout the 2nd millennium, and an earlier form of it can be found in the 3rd millennium as well. But in the 1st millennium, treaty forms differed substantially from this format, and the general treaty form was essentially 'lost' to history until archeological discoveries in the last century. [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Travelogues of the Book of Numbers
The Book of Numbers presents itself as a record of Israel's wanderings in the wilderness--from the Exodus to the preparation for entry at Jordan. One might question to what extent day-to-day record keeping was common on such journeys, esp. since most royal military campaigns ended up being inscribed on stone monuments. [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Israel's knowledge of Canaanite practices BEFORE the exodus
What data do we have that helps us formulate an understanding of how Israel had 'access' to data about Canaan? [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]How did Moses get Balaam's prophecies in Numbers?
Balaam was an international prophet of high repute. And, as most important prophets his messages would be written down, esp. when delivered to/for royalty. [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The issue of borrowing - did Moses copy Hammurabi?
It has long been realized that the similarities between some of the Mosaic legislation and the Law Code of Hammurabi are striking. Hammi's law is dated around 1720 b.c.--before the advent of Moses. There are those who suggest that the Law of Moses is actually a mild type of plagiarism (instead of a divinely-given law), and seek to assert substantial dependence of Moses on prior law collections. [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The issue of 'borrowing' - did Moses
It has long been realized that the similarities between some of the Mosaic legislation and the Law Code of Hammurabi are striking. Hammi's law is dated around 1720 b.c.--before the advent of Moses. There are those who suggest that the Law of Moses is actually a mild type of plagiarism (instead of a divinely-given law), and seek to assert substantial dependence of Moses on prior law collections. [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]General Information about the Book of Genesis
Genesis, the first book of the Old Testament in the Bible, is so named because it opens with an account of the creation of the world. The first 11 chapters, which are heavily indebted to Mesopotamian tradition, trace the gradual expansion of humankind and the development of human culture. But they show the ambiguity of this development by incorporating stories about the sin of Adam and Eve and about the Deluge, both of which illustrate humankind's growing alienation from God and one another. [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Genesis Files - Archaeology
Archaeology and the Bible. Archaeological discoveries continue to show how historically accurate the Bible really is. It is by far the greatest document the world has ever known, surviving centuries of ridicule. God has remarkably preserved His message to us, which still provides the much-needed means of navigation in today's world. The real question that one should consider is: How much proof does it take for one to believe? [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]is thereProof that the Earth is 6000 years old?
Data in favour of the hypothesis that Genesis is a very old document (as old as it says it is.....) [Old Testament Studies] [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Jerusalem Bible (Catholic)
[Versions] [Bible History]Jerusalem Bible (Koren)
[Versions] [Bible History]Complete Jewish Bible
This version expresses its original and essential Jewishness. Most other English translations of the New Testament present their message in a Gentile-Christian linguistic, cultural, and theological framework. Yeshua, the Messiah, was a Jew, was born to Jews, grew up among Jews, ministered to Jews, and died and rose from the dead in the Jewish capital. [Versions] [Bible History]John Wesley New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]King James Version (Authorized Version)
[Versions] [Bible History]Kleist-Lilly New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Knox Translation
[Versions] [Bible History]Lamsa Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]Letchworth Version in Modern English
[Versions] [Bible History]Living Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]McCord's New Testament Translation of the Everlasting Gospel
[Versions] [Bible History]The Message (The New Testament in Contemporary English)
[Versions] [Bible History]Modern Reader's Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]The Modern Speech New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Moffatt New Translation
[Versions] [Bible History]New American Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]New American Standard Version
[Versions] [Bible History]The New Berkeley Version in Modern English
[Versions] [Bible History]New Century Version
[Versions] [Bible History]New English Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]New Evangelical Translation
[Versions] [Bible History]New International Version
[Versions] [Bible History]New Jerusalem Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]New JPS Version
[Versions] [Bible History]New King James Version
[Versions] [Bible History]New Life Version
[Versions] [Bible History]New Living Translation
[Versions] [Bible History]New Revised Standard Version
[Versions] [Bible History]New Testament and Psalms: An Inclusive Version
This revolutionary new version, adapted from the New Revised Standard Version and edited by six scholars -- three men and three women -- pushes the English language to new levels of inclusive expression. This work addresses such issues as race, gender, and ethnicity more directly than ever before. [Versions] [Bible History]A New Translation (Jewish)
[Versions] [Bible History]New World Translation
Watchtower (Jehovah's Witness) version. Many paraphrases that exclude critical words that give credence to the doctrine of the deity of Jesus and add words of their own. See Phil. 2:9 for example where they add the word "other." [Versions] [Bible History]Noli New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Norlie's Simplified New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]The Original New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]The People's New Covenant
[Versions] [Bible History]Phillips Revised Student Edition
[Versions] [Bible History]Reese Chronological Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]Restoration of Original Sacred Name Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]Revised English Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]Revised Standard Version
[Versions] [Bible History]Riverside New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]The Sacred Scriptures, Bethel Edition
[Versions] [Bible History]The Scholars Version (The Five Gospels)
[Versions] [Bible History]The Scriptures (ISR)
[Versions] [Bible History]The Septuagint
[Versions] [Bible History]The Shorter Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]Spencer New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Standard American Edition, Revised Version
[Versions] [Bible History]Swann New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Today's English New Testament (The Good News Bible)
[Versions] [Bible History]Today's English New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]The Twentieth Century New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Westminster Version of the Sacred Scriptures
[Versions] [Bible History]The Wiclif Translation (Wycliffe)
[Versions] [Bible History]William Tyndale Newe Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]William Tyndale Translation
[Versions] [Bible History]Williams New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]The Word Made Fresh
[Versions] [Bible History]Worrell New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Wuest Expanded Translation
[Versions] [Bible History]Young's Literal Translation, Revised Edition
[Versions] [Bible History]Manuscript Glossary
[Glossary] [Bible History]The Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments: Many topics,viewpoints & interpretation. [O. T. Studies] [Bible History]The Feasts of Israel
An overview study by Gavin Finley MD. [O. T. Studies] [Bible History]The Seventh-day Sabbath
The Feasts of Israel; The Seventh-day Sabbath foreshadows the "rest" that is yet to come to the righteous in the Kingdom of Yahshua. [O. T. Studies] [Bible History]Passover
The Feasts of Israel; Passover announced the death of the Messiah, Yahshua. [O. T. Studies] [Bible History]Unleavened Bread
The Feasts of Israel; Unleavened Bread signified His burial. [O. T. Studies] [Bible History]Firstfruits
Jesus in The Feasts of Israel; Firstfruits marked His resurrection. [O. T. Studies] [Bible History]The Feast of Weeks
The Feasts of Israel; The Feast of Weeks proclaimed the giving of His Set-Apart Spirit of Truth. [O. T. Studies] [Bible History]The Feast of Trumpets
The Feasts of Israel; Trumpets will announce His second coming. [O. T. Studies] [Bible History]The Feast of Atonement
The Feasts of Israel; Atonement will be His final judgment. [O. T. Studies] [Bible History]The Feast of Tabernacles
The Feasts of Israel; Tabernacles specifies the temporary period for His RE-creation of the new heaven and the new earth. [O. T. Studies] [Bible History]What Is in a Name?
Names, and Names of God; "The importance of names becomes clear when the Creator brought forth all living things to be named."[O. T. Studies] [Bible History]Coptic Manuscripts - Overview
Courtesy of the Scriptorium; 1. Introduction 2. Form 3. Writing Material 4. Writing Tools 5. Binding 6. Format 7. Illumination 8. Dialects 9. Dating 10. Subject [Manuscripts] [Bible History]Gutenberg Bible British Museum
Leaf on vellum [Images] [Bible History]Galatians 4: The ABC's of Faith
by Dr. W. euGene Scott (Ph.D., Stanford University) [N.T Studies]Historical Evidence for the Resurrection of Christ
by Christopher Louis Lang. In order to examine the evidence for the resurrection we must place ourselves in the historical situation. The events surrounding the life and death of Christ didn't occur at a place where we can gain no knowledge of them. Rather, they occurred in history, on earth, and were recorded by men who witnessed the events.The Extent and Nature of Inspiration
The following paper is a portion of a reaction paper written in 1987 on the question of inerrancy. By Dennis McCallumSearch the Bible in Various Languages
German Swedish; Latin; French; Spanish; Portuguese; Italian Tagalog; Norwegian. [Bible Search] [Various Versions]Museum of Classical Archaeology: Glossary
The who, what, when and where of Classical myths and history featured in the Cast Gallery. University of Cambridge [Bible Search] [Various Versions]A Glossary on the Old Testament
Author notes, "This list is not exhaustive and should not be used as a substitute for a good Bible dictionary when doing interpretation." [Old Testament Studies] [Bbible History]A Glossary on the Old Testament
Emphasis on Amos but has a nice glossary. [Old Testament Studies] [Bbible History]Translation glossary
Bible Translations. [Glossaries] [Bbible History]Translation glossary
Bible Translations. [Glossaries] [Bible History]Bible Studies Glossary
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Glossaries] [Bible History]The Art and Agony of Translation
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Translations] [Bible History]Translations of the Bible Into English
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Translations] [Bible History]How to Select a Bible—and Read It
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Translations] [Bible History]About Those Literal Translations
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Translations] [Bible History]The Nicene Creed and the New Testament Canon
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Translations] [Bible History]The Torah in Modern Scholarship
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Translations] [Bible History]The Apocrypha and the Old Testament
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Translations] [Bible History]New Testament Scholarship
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Translations] [Bible History]Knowing Jesus Through the Old Testament
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Answers and Evidence] [Bible]Are There Contradictions in the Bible?
by Kenneth W. Collins. [Answers and Evidence] [Bible]Evolution versus Creationism
A Stupid and Arrogant Fight by Kenneth W. Collins. [Evolution & Science]Glossary of Theological Terms
[Glossary] [Bible History]The Catholic Encyclopedia
[Encyclopedia] [Bible History]Religion and Science Glossary
A bridge discussion between science and religion requires some familiarity with scientific, religious, and philosophic language. [Glossary] [Bible History]Glossary of Jewish Terminology
partial list of Hebrew, Yiddish and other Jewish terms [Glossary] [Bible History]Glossary of Theological Terms
This glossary is taken from Alister McGrath`s Christian Theology, Second Edition. [Glossary] [Bible History]Hebrew Glossary
In-depth Glossary of Transliterated & English Translation with their Meanings of the Hebrew Language [Glossary] [Bible History]Greek Glossary Term use in New Testament Bible
APHISTEMI Apostasy; apostatize; go away; desert; fallen away [Glossary] [Bible History]KJB Strong's Hebrew and Greek dictionary Index
King James Bible Strong's Hebrew and Greek Dictionary Index [Glossary] [Bible History]Glossary for the Study of Judaism, Christianity and Islam
Prepared initially by Robert A. Kraft, University of Pennsylvaniaz, and intended to be used freely in the public domain [Glossary] [Bible History]Glossary to Terms for studies of the Dead Sea
[Glossary] [Bible History]Glossaries of Terms for Bible Study
A Glossary of Important Terms for Biblical Studies by Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D. [Glossary] [Bible History]Matisse's Glossary of Internet Terms
[Glossary] [Bible History]The Forest of Rhetoric silva rhetoricae
This online rhetoric, provided by Dr. Gideon Burton of Brigham Young University, is a guide to the terms of classical and renaissance rhetoric. Sometimes it is difficult to see the forest (the big picture) of rhetoric because of the trees (the hundreds of Greek and Latin terms naming figures of speech, etc.) within rhetoric. Mormon work with good overview for the beginner and expert [Glossary]Bible Versions
This index lists 96 versions of the Scriptures. There are versions with just the New Covenant, others the Old Covenant, some with the Apocrypha, etc. [Versions] [Bible History]The Abbreviated Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]An American Translation (Beck)
[Versions] [Bible History]An American Translation (Smith-Goodspeed)
[Versions] [Bible History]Amplified Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]The Aramaic Bible (Targums)
[Versions] [Bible History]Aramaic New Covenant
[Versions] [Bible History]The Authentic New Testament
Hugh J. Schonfield, an eminent Jewish scholar, worked for thirty years on his version of the original Greek text. He is also the translator of a later version, The Original New Testament. He was a historian, not a theologian. Thus, this is a non-ecclesiastical version. He avoids ecclesiastical terms, using such words as immersion, community, envoy, supervisor, and administrator instead of baptism, church, apostle, bishop, and deacon, respectively. In general, modern speech has been used, but with some exceptions. [Versions] [Bible History]The Basic Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]The Bible Reader
[Versions] [Bible History]Cassirer New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Centenary Translation of the New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Charles Kingsley Williams New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Common English New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Concordant Literal New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Confraternity of Christian Doctrine Translation
[Versions] [Bible History]Contemporary English Version
[Versions] [Bible History]Coptic Version of the New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]The Coverdale Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]Darby Holy Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]The Dartmouth Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]The Documents of the New Testament
[Versions] [Bible History]Douay-Rheims Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]The Emphasized Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]The Emphatic Diaglott
[Versions] [Bible History]English Version for the Deaf (Easy-to-Read Version)
[Versions] [Bible History]English Version of the Polyglott Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]The Geneva Bible
[Versions] [Bible History]God's Word (Today's Bible Translation)
[Versions] [Bible History]The Holy Bible in Modern English
[Versions] [Bible History]Holy Bible, Revised Version
[Versions] [Bible History]Holy Scriptures (Harkavy)
[Versions] [Bible History]Holy Scriptures (Menorah)
[Versions] [Bible History]Inspired Version
[Versions] [Bible History]Interlinear Bible (Greene)
[Versions] [Bible History]The Jesus Seminar Under Fire
by Greg Koukl. The "Jesus Seminar" is a group of self-described scholars who have determined Jesus probably only said 20% of the quotes attributed to him by Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John. Greg puts their method, which includes voting with colored beads, "under fire." [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Was the New Testament Influenced by Pagan Religions?
by Ronald Nash. Many Christian college students have encountered criticisms of Christianity based on claims that early Christianity and the New Testament borrowed important beliefs and practices from a number of pagan mystery religions. Since these claims undermine such central Christian doctrines as Christ's death and resurrection, the charges are serious. But the evidence for such claims, when it even exists, often lies in sources several centuries older than the New Testament. Moreover, the alleged parallels often result from liberal scholars uncritically describing pagan beliefs and practices in Christian language and then marveling at the striking parallels they think they've discovered. [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Resurrection of Jesus
by Jeffrey B. Russell. All of us, whether we believe it or not, will rise from the dead in our own bodies. This is the teaching of Orthodox Judaism, and it is the teaching of Orthodox Christianity. Easter is the day that Jesus of Nazareth rose, in his body, from the dead. Easter is crucial to every citizen of this earth, this state, and this university, because if Jesus did not rise from the dead, Christianity is false: it must go. But if he did rise from the dead, that is the single most important event in all of time. We none of us can escape the power of the claim of the Resurrection. [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Gospels As Historical Sources
For Jesus,The Founder Of Christianity by R. T. France [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Inspiration, Inerrancy, and Authority of the Bible
by Ron Rhodes. Biblical inspiration may be defined as God's superintending of the human authors so that, using their own individual personalities (and even their writing styles), they composed and recorded without error His revelation to man in the words of the original autographs. Inspiration means that "the Holy Spirit of God superintended the human writers in the production of Scripture so that what they wrote was precisely what God wanted written." [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Resurrection of Theism
by William Lane Craig. "I think it is clear as a result of these contributions that philosophical theism is very much alive and well today-indeed, when one recalls the bleak days of the "Death of God" movement in the sixties, it is not unfair to speak of a veritable resurrection of theism." [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]CIN Message Boards: Apologetics
Catholic Information Network (CIN) [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Confirmation Outside the Bible
Is there any confirmation of Biblical events from written sources outside the Bible? Author: Bryant Wood of Associates for Biblical Research [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Manuscript Evidence for the Bible
By Dr. Ron Rhodes. Compared to any other piece of ancient literature we have dozens of times more manuscripts for the Bible, with many being far closer in time to the originals than for other ancient literature. If no one goes around doubting if we have accurate copies of the writings of Aristotle, Herodotus, Josephus, etc., then how reasonable is it to dismiss the accuracy of the transmission of the Bible? [Manuscripts] [Answers and Evidence] [Bible History]Manuscript Evidence for the Bible
By Dr. Ron Rhodes. Compared to any other piece of ancient literature we have dozens of times more manuscripts for the Bible, with many being far closer in time to the originals than for other ancient literature. If no one goes around doubting if we have accurate copies of the writings of Aristotle, Herodotus, Josephus, etc., then how reasonable is it to dismiss the accuracy of the transmission of the Bible? [Manuscripts] [Answers and Evidence] [Bible History]Man-Made Structures and the Bible
From ChristianAnswers.Net, by Dr. Bryant Wood. A list of some of the palaces, forts, towers, etc. mentioned in the Bible that have been found and excavated in modern times. [Answers and Evidence] [Bible History]Christ`s Garden Tomb at Calvary
The Garden Tomb is one of the two strongest possibilities for the burial place of Jesus Christ after He was crucified at Calvary (see How Did Jesus Christ Die?). It was discovered by Charles Gordon in the 1880s. [Images] [Bible History]Proving the Historic Jesus
Nice essay by Harry V. Martin. Including historical records, Jewish writing, and findings. Note: Unfortunately he concludes his message by discrediting the New Testament's reliability [Historical Evidence] [Jesus in History]Grammatical-Historical Hermeneutics
Interpret Grammatically, Historically and Critically. By Gary DeLashmutt and Dennis McCallumBible History
Until this section is finished being indexed into the main database you can click here to see a list of links including the Bible History Online general resources on this subject, although many of these links are outdated. [Bible History]Evolution & Science
Until this section is finished being indexed into the main database you can click here to see a list of links including the Bible History Online general resources on this subject, although many of these links are outdated. [Evolution & Science]Childrens Resources
Until this section is finished being indexed into the main database you can click here to see a list of links including the Bible History Online general resources on this subject. [Childrens Resources]The History of the English Bible
Brief History. Wycliff, Tyndale, Coverdale, and others. [English Versions] [Bible History]The Transmission of the Bible to English Timeline
Brief Sketch. 500 BC-1984 AD. [English Versions] [Bible History]A full-size 15th century Gutenberg image
Nice image. 15th century AD. [English Versions] [Images] [Bible History]A full-size 15th century Gutenberg
Nice image. 15th century AD. [English Versions] [Images] [Bible History]Erasmus' Greek New Testament of 1516
Nice image. 16th century AD. [English Versions] [Images] [Bible History]Erasmus' Greek New Testament of 1516
Nice image. 16th century AD. [English Versions] [Images] [Bible History]The King James Version of 1611
Nice image. 1611 AD. [English Versions] [Images] [Bible History]The King James Version of 1611
Nice image. 1611 AD. [English Versions] [Images] [Bible History]Illuminated scroll of Esther of the 17th century
Nice image. 17th century AD. [Manuscripts] [Images] [Bible History]Illuminated scroll of Esther of the 17th century
Nice image. 17th century AD. [Manuscripts] [Images] [Bible History]Illuminated scroll of Esther of the 17th century
Judaic Treasures of the Library of Congress: An Illuminated Megillah [Manuscripts] [Images] [Bible History]How Did We Get Here? (A Cyber Debate)
Phillip E. Johnson v. Kenneth R. MillerMiracles and Modern Scientific Thought
by Norman GeislerIs Science a Threat or Help to Faith?
by J.P. MorelandAstronomical Evidences for the God of the Bible
by Hugh RossDesign and the Anthropic Principle
by Hugh Ross [Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]The Shell Game of Evolution and Creation
by Hugh Ross [Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]Quantum Mechanics, a Modern Goliath
by Hugh Ross [Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]A Brief Look at A Brief History of Time
by Hugh Ross [Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]Following the Evidence
by Gregory Koukl [Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]God & Evolution and Mother Nature
by Gregory Koukl. What is the problem with evolutionists referring to "Mother Nature?" [Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]Scientific Evidence for the Existence of God
by Dr. Walter Bradley [Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]How to Sink a Battleship
A call to separate materialist philosophy from empirical science by Phillip E. [Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]The Religion of the Blind Watchmaker
by Phillip E. Johnson[Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]What is Darwinism?
by Phillip E. Johnson[Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]Molecular Machines
Experimental Support for the Design Inference by Michael Behe [Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]Darwin Under the Microscope
by Michael Behe [Science & Scripture] [Evolution & Science]Do Extraordinary Events Require Extraordinary Evidence?
by G. Brady LenardosContemporary Scholarship and Historical Evidence
William Lane Craig. "Man," writes Loren Eisley, "is the Cosmic Orphan." He is the only creature in the universe who asks, Why? Other animals have instincts to guide them, but man has learned to ask questions. "Who am I?" he asks. "Why am I here? Where am I going?" [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The New Science of Archaeology
Literally scores of additional discoveries of archaeology could be cited as corroboration of Bible history. Examples of archaeological illustration of the Old Testament are continually increasing as new discoveies are being made. The claims of disbelieving critics have been completely exploded Archaeology has abundantly confirmed Bible history many times over. The clear message is that we can rely on the Bible record. It is consistently historical in every detail. The Bible challenges disbelieving critics to prove it false. Many have tried desperately to do so-and failed. God's Word cannot be broken (John 10:35)! The Bible in not the work of fallible man. It is not a book of ancient fables.It is truly the infallible word of God! "Thy word is truth," Jesus declared in John 17:17. Archaeology has lent its voice in support of this unassailable fact! [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Historicity of the Empty Tomb of Jesus
The Resurrection by by William Lane Craig [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Bodily Resurrection of Jesus
The Resurrection by by William Lane Craig [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Guard at the Tomb
The Resurrection by by William Lane Craig [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Evidence for the Resurrection
The Resurrection by by Josh McDowell [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Easter: Myth, Hallucination, or History
The Resurrection by Edwin Yamauchi [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]The Battle for the Resurrection
An Interview with Norman Geisler [Answers & Evidence] [Bible History]Overview of Banias
Click on sites with images. [Banias (Caesarea Philippi)] [Galilee and the Golan] [Archaeology] [New Testament City Studies]Cities Mentioned in the New Testament
[Archaeology] This page contains links to archaeological sites from the New Testament period. Cities specifically mentioned in the New Testament are included, along with sites related to the social world of the New Testament, either historically (e.g., Masada) or architecturally (e.g., Ostia). There is also a series of links to various maps of the Ancient Near East, a section devoted to epigraphic resources, and a search engine directly linked to the Argos database of the ancient world.An Overview of NT Geography
PALESTINE (and Its Environs) during the Lifetimes of Jesus & Paul; mostly ruled by the Herodian Dynasty. Roman PROVINCES important during the Expansion of Christianity in the First Century.Cities Excavated in Israel
(Click on Sites with Images) [Archaeology]Cities Excavated in Israel
(Click on Sites with Images) [Archaeology]New Testament Papyri & Codices
2nd""10th Centuries, NT Papyri, Collections of Papyri, Greek Codices of the Bible, Text Types. (Manuscripts) [Bible History]Archaeology and Genesis: What Does the Record Show?
by Mario Seiglie [Bible History]Archaeology and the Book of Exodus: Exit From Egypt
Archaeologists have made many significant discoveries that make the book of Exodus and the Israelistes` time in Egypt come alive. by Mario Seiglie [Bible History]Archaeology and the Book of Exodus: Exit From Egypt
Archaeologists have made many significant discoveries that make the book of Exodus and the Israelistes` time in Egypt come alive. by Mario Seiglie [Bible History]Leviticus
Matthew Henry`s Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (Book Studies) [Bible History]Numbers
Matthew Henry`s Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (Book Studies) [Bible History]Luke: The Gospel of the Gentiles.
By: Bob Deffinbaugh. The author, Luke, was a doctor, and a traveling companion of Paul, whose second inspired account (the Book of Acts) is the only recorded history of the birth of the church, and of the expansion of the gospel from Jerusalem to the "uttermost part of the earth." (New Testament Studies) [Bible History]CLARKE`S COMMENTARY - HAGGAI
Brief study in Haggai from The Adam Clarke Commentary (Old Testament Studies) [Bible History]CLARKE`S COMMENTARY - JOB 38
[O.T. Studies] [Bible History]2nd Kings
Matthew Henry`s Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible [O.T. Studies] [Bible History]Extra-Biblical Historical Evidence of Jesus
ANCIENT NON-CHRISTIAN SOURCES. GNOSTICS SOURCES. LOST WORKS QUOTED IN OTHER SOURCES. ANCIENT CHRISTIAN SOURCES (extra-biblical). Accurate Quotes. Carlisle Church of Christ [Historical Evidence] [Jesus in History]Extra-Biblical Historical Evidence of Jesus
ANCIENT NON-CHRISTIAN SOURCES. GNOSTICS SOURCES. LOST WORKS QUOTED IN OTHER SOURCES. ANCIENT CHRISTIAN SOURCES (extra-biblical). Accurate Quotes. Church of Christ [Historical Evidence] [Jesus in History]Archaeology & The Jewish Temple Inscriptions
Archaeology & The Temple Inscriptions of The House of Yahweh [Archaeology] [Bible History]The Byt Yhwh Ostracon
A tax receipt uncovered from 900-700 BC revealing the Temple as the House of Yahweh. It is translated as saying, "According to your order, Ashyahu, the king, to give by the hand of [Z]echaryahu silver of Tarshish for the house of Yahweh 3 shekels." [Archaeology] [Bible History]The House of Yahweh Inscription
This recently published inscription documents an offering brought to the Temple in Yerusalem which it specifically Names the Temple as: Bayit Yahweh -- House of Yahweh. This is the earliest reference to the Temple found to date, outside of the scriptures. [Archaeology] [Bible History]The Text of the Hebrew Bible
the question of our knowledge of the development of the text of the Hebrew Bible is of paramount importance for studying and understanding this collection. What evidence do we have for original Hebrew texts that underlie our modern interpretations? How do we know that modern translators are working with an "authentic" text? Since we are dealing with a collection of religious literature, sacred scripture, that Jewish and Christian communities understand to be, in some sense, `the word of God`, it is vitally important to establish that the text being studied or read is `authentic`. [Manuscripts] [Bible History]P52: A Fragment of the Gospel of John
[Papyri] [Manuscripts] [Images of New Testament Texts]a.k.a. John Rylands P457;
This is the oldest known manuscript fragment of the New Testament.
DESCRIPTION
Language: Greek
Medium: papyrus
Size: 3.5 inches long; 2.5 inches wide; Length: 7 lines on each side
Approximate Date: c. 125""150 CE
Place of Discovery: Egypt
Date of Discovery/Acquisition: 1920
Acquirer: Bernard P. Grenfell
Current Location: John Rylands Library,Manchester, England
Inventory Number: Rylands Greek Papyrus 457
Manuscript Number: P52
Manuscript Family: Alexandrian
Second Temple Synagogue Literary Archive
a collection of ancient literary references to Second Temple synagogues. In keeping with current scholarly practices, only sources contemporaneous with the Second Temple period are cited.Jericho
A recent photograph of the synagogue-remains found near Jericho and a mikveh [Archaeology]Archaeological Sites
In one sense the entire Levant is an immense archaeological site. It is not possible for us to provide details on all the important sites let alone all sites. So, we decided to begin with some sites to which we have taken student groups as part of their study of archaeology and the Bible. We will branch out as we have the time and resources. The archaeology of the New Testament refers to the excavation, preservation, and analysis of the material culture of biblical peoples during the New Testament period (ca. 4 BC - AD 135). This, of course, entails the study of socio-cultural systems outside the Levant including Asia Minor, Greece, Rome, and even as far as Spain and Roman Britain. The archaeology of the Hebrew Scriptures, that of the Old Testament in Christian terminology, refers to that of the Tanach. Interestingly, some Israeli archaeologists narrowly construe biblical archaeology to be that of the Hebrew Scriptures. We, of course, disagree preferring a much broader focus. [Archaeology] [Sites]Biblos Multilingual: Online Parallel Bible
[Bible Search] [Various Versions]Search the NIV and Other Versions
NIV; NASB; RSV; KJV; Darby; YLT; World English. [Bible Search] [Various Versions]Search or Browse the Latin Vulgate
ARTFL Project University of Chicago - Latin Vulgate Bible [Bible Search] [Various Versions]The Four Gospels in Harmony
[Bible Search] [Various Versions]Four-Color Synopsis
The 3 synoptic gospel parallels [Various Versions]The Resurrection
Influence on the Church in the First Decades by Jirair S. Tashjian: "In 1 Corinthians 15, the earliest New Testament writing to discuss Christ's resurrection, Paul tells us what the resurrection meant to Christians in the first 25 years of church history."The Needy In Jewish Tradition
by Dennis Bratcher: "Jewish laws and traditions concerning treatment of the poor, widows, orphans, travelers, and others in need, grew directly from biblical commands. The Bible repeatedly expresses the obligation to help those who, for whatever reason, could not help themselves."John: Jesus, the Son of God
by David GriffithsRomans: Good News for All
by David GriffithsGalatians: Book of Liberty
by David GriffithsEphesians: Living as His Body
by David GriffithsPhilippians: Shared Secrets of a Happy Fellowship
by David GriffithsColossians: Our Christ Centred Faith
by David Griffiths1 Thessalonians: Looking for the Returning Lord
by David Griffiths2 Thessalonians: Looking for the returning Lord (Part 2)
by David GriffithsPhilemon: A Practical Letter
by David GriffithsHebrews: All Glorious Saviour
by David GriffithsJames: Practical Themes
by David GriffithsThe Capernaum Synagogue
Aside from various references to Capernaum in the Gospels, the earliest literary attestation of Capernaum is from Josephus, who refers to the village in connection with a fertile spring. The Jewish historian reports he spent a night there with a fever during the second year of the Jewish War. For centuries, Capernaum has traditionally been identified as a site located on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee, about three miles west of the upper Jordan River. In 1838, Edward Robinson correctly identified there the remains of a synagogue that was partly excavated by Charles Wilson between 1865 and 1866.Masada
Also known as es-Sebbeh, Horvot Mezada, Mesada, Mezada, Sebbeh, The Stronghold. The summit of Masada sits 190 feet (59 m) above sea level and about 1500 feet (470 m) above the level of the Dead Sea. The mountain itself is 1950 feet (610 m) long, 650 feet (200 m) wide, 4250 feet (1330 m) in circumference, and encompasses 23 acres. The "Snake Path" climbs 900 feet (280 m) in elevation. From the west, the difference in height is 225 feet (70 m). [Archaeology]Herodium
Also known as el-Fureidis, Har Hordos, Herodeion, Herodion, Jebel Fureidis. Constructed over a small pre-existing hill, the Herodium was a fortress for Herod to quickly flee to from Jerusalem and a luxurious palace for his enjoyment. He chose to be buried here and the mountain is the shape of a tumulus. Herod's tomb has not been discovered in the recent excavations. [Archaeology]Qumran
Also known as Kh. Mird, Kh. Qumran, Goumran, Gumran, City of Salt(?), Ir ha-Melah(?), Secacah(?), Kumran, Mesad, Mesad Hasidim (?), Oumran, Qumeran. Khirbet Qumran 10 miles south of Jericho, Qumran was on a "dead-end street" and provided a perfect location for the isolationist sect of the Essenes to live. The site was excavated by Catholic priest Roland deVaux from 1953-56. More recent excavations of the site have taken place under the direction of Hanan Eshel. [Archaeology]Synagogues of the World - Jerusalem
The Rabban Yochanan Ben Zakai synagogue is on Mishmeret Kehuna Street in the Old City. It served as the center of the Sephardic community and, to this day, the Chief Sephardic Rabbi, the Rishon LeZion, ceremoniously assumes his office here. The Ben-Zakai is named after the Second Temple sage Rabban Yochanan Ben Zakai, as legend deems this spot as the location of his Beit Midrash, study hall. [Archaeology]Delos Synagogue
Nice Overview of the Synagogue with images and info. [Archaeology]Ostia Synagogue
Nice Overview of the Synagogue with images and info. [Archaeology]Egypt Synagogue
Nice Overview of the Synagogue with images and info. [Archaeology]Cyrenaica Synagogue
Nice Overview of the Synagogue with images and info. [Archaeology]Bosporus Kingdom
Nice Overview of the Jewish presence with images and info. The Bosporus Kingdom encompassed the coastal areas of the eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula where the straights of Kerch (the Cimmerian Bosporus) connect the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov. Homer characterized the early Cimmerian inhabitants of this region as living in a country of darkness that was situated on the northern edge of the populated world. [Archaeology]Mesopotamia to 2500 BC
[Ancient Map]Sargon's Empire
[Ancient Map]Israel to Judah 733 BC
Map of Ancient IsraelIndia to 500 BC
Map of Ancient IndiaChina, 256 to 200 BC
China's Warring States 245 to 235 BCThe Empire of Cyrus II
[Ancient Map]The Empire of Asoka
(Map)Italy and Sicily
(Map)The Sassanid Empire
(Map)The Gupta Empire
(Map)Africa, to A.D. 500
(Map)Chronological Table
Timeline Overview from Goodnews Christian Ministry.New Testament Timeline
How long was the ministry of Jesus? When was Paul converted? When did Peter baptize the first Roman Centurion? How many missionary journeys did Paul conduct and when did they occur?THE FORMATION OF THE CANON: THE NEW TESTAMENT
"The determination of the Canon of the New Testament was not the result of any pronouncement, either by an official of the Church or by an ecclesiastical body. Rather, the Canon was determined by the use of these books throughout all of the Churches during the first and second centuries. The establishment of the Canon was the process by which formal recognition was given to the writings of Scripture already recognized as authoritative."TRANSMISSION OF THE BIBLE
"The accuracy of the present-day Hebrew version of the Old Testament is a result of the fastidious care with which the Sopherim and the Masoretes transmitted it. The Sopherim copied manuscripts of the Hebrew Scriptures from about 300 B.C. until A.D. 500. According to the Talmud, they came to be called "Sopherim" because, in their endeavor to preserve the text from alteration or addition, they counted the number of words in each section of Scripture, as well as the number of verses and paragraphs. The accuracy of the present-day Greek version of the New Testament has resulted from the comparison of thousands of manuscripts by textual critics who have been able to separate them into families on the basis of certain variations that each manuscript family has in common. The principles of textual criticism enable scholars to determine which versions of the text are predecessors of the others, thereby coming close to the original reading."The Importance And Validity Of Christian Apologetics
"The validity of Christian apologetics, or of the defense of the gospel, is taken for granted in the New Testament. This is particularly clear in the book of Acts, which is filled with accounts of the defense of the faith by Peter and John, Stephen, Paul, and other leaders of the Church, all of whom were prepared to lay down their very lives in the defense of the Gospel. Not all of the early Christian leaders were intellectuals, but all of them defended the Gospel. The task of apologetics is for all Christians. All people have the same questions, whether they are sophisticated or naive and whether they are well- educated or not."The Long Day Of Joshua
"One of the evidences for the historicity of the long day recorded in Joshua 10:13 and reiterated in Habakkuk 3:11 lies in the large body of traditions from many parts of the world according to which there was a long day (or night, or evening, depending upon the location) at about the same time that Joshua lived."Jonah and History
"Many people feel that the account given in the Bible of Jonah is legendary, since even if there were a fish big enough to swallow a man, certainly no man would be able to survive three days in its digestive tract and then escape to the outside world. However, again and again, Jesus referred to this as a historical event, and even pointed to it as a foreshadowing of his own death and resurrection. There are, however, several documented accounts of people who have been swallowed by whales and large fish, and have lived to tell about it, even after several days. The preservation of the name "Yunas" or "Jonah" at the ruins of Nineveh also confirms the historicity of the Jonah story. As soon as modern discoverers unearthed the mound that had been known for centuries by the name of "Neby Yunas," they found beneath it the ruined palaces of the kings of Nineveh."The Fulfillment Of Prophecy
"The fulfillment of the prophecies of the Bible is a vast subject. In fact, the Messianic prophecies alone have provided enough material for the publication of many books. Other books have been written solely about the Old Testament prophecies concerning certain cities or about certain world empires, while still others consider the fulfillment of Biblical prophecies in the twentieth century. Some authors have identified more than 300 Old Testament passages that are cited by the New Testament as having been fulfilled by Jesus Christ."Pitcairn's Island
"The story of the Pitcairn Bible is a testimony both to the providence of God and to the value of the Bible in saving society from chaos. Ginny Hastings has written of it, "with no law to guide them, the mutineers of the Bounty turned an island paradise into a living hell of sexual abuse, drunkenness and murder. Their society was on the brink of collapse when one of the men discovered an ancient book from the Bounty."Manuscript Attestation Of The Old Testament
There are many important old manuscripts of the Old Testament. This deals in brief with Cairo Codex, Leningrad Codex, Aleppo Codex, the Septuagint, the Masoretic text, and the Dead Sea Scrolls.The Formation Of The Canon: The Old Testament
"The Hebrew Scriptures were recognized as authoritative at their inception, and were immediately accepted as such by the Jewish people. The acceptance of the Pentateuch, for example, is recorded in Deuteronomy 32:46-47, and in Joshua 1:7,8. As a matter of course, the Church of the first century regarded the Hebrew Scriptures as inspired. Jesus, in Luke 24:44, refers to the Law, the prophets, and the psalms (or the writings) as divinely authoritative and canonical. The Jews accepted all of the 39 books of the Old Testament as inspired. A confirmation of public opinion along these lines was made at the synod at Jamnia." Also mentions briefly about Philo, Josephus, and Origen.The Inspiration And Authority Of The Bible
"In II Timothy 3:16, it is stated that "all Scripture is inspired by God." The Greek word , translated here "inspired by God," literally means "God-breathed." That is, the Scriptures are a product of the creative activity of the divine breath. As Alan Stibbs has observed, this "indicates that Scripture has in its origin this distinctive hallmark, that it owes its very existence to the direct creative activity of God himself."1 It is this same divine breath that brought about the creation of the heavens: "By the word of the Lord were the heavens made, their starry host by the breath of his mouth" (Psalm 33:6). God's breath is "the irresistible outflow of His power."2 The divine breath also brought about the creation of man: "And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul" (Genesis 2:7). The mystery of inspiration has often been compared to the mystery of the incarnation. Just as Jesus is both divine and human, so the Scriptures are both divine and human. To emphasize one at the expense of the other is to fall into heresy."The Claims Of The Bible Concerning Itself
"The Biblical narratives carry with them the claim of authenticity for the events they describe. The Scriptures claim to be valid in an absolute sense, such that all counterclaims are excluded. If we do not subordinate ourselves to it, we are in rebellion against God."The Claims Of The Old Testament For Itself
"It becomes obvious, as one considers factors of this kind, that the Old Testament claims for itself, not only that the words of the prophets were preserved and considered to be equal in authority with the law of Moses, but that both were considered to be the words of Jehovah Himself."Christ's Use Of The Bible
"Jesus Christ assumed the absolute authority of the Old Testament as God's Word. When he quoted from it to establish anything, he considered the case closed, and that was the end of the matter."The New Testament's View Of Itself
"The New Testament writers recognized their own writings as Scripture. Paul, in II Corinthians 3:5,6 states that his competency comes from God. In fact, according to Paul, the very words that he used were taught by the Spirit:"Problems With The Denial Of The Bible's Claims For Itself
"It is certainly impossible to accept the Scriptures as authoritative for some purposes, but then to reject the claims of those Scriptures concerning themselves. If the Scriptures are suspect in their repeated claims for themselves, then on what basis can it be said that they have integrity on any other matter? If we are going to say that mankind has any basis for optimism, and if we base this statement upon the fact that we have the Judaeo-Christian Bible, then if we are going to have any integrity at all, we will have to accept the claims that the Bible consistently makes for itself. To do otherwise is do violence to the integrity of the foundation for that optimism and to throw the entire matter into serious question."Views Of The Bible Throughout History
"It is evident from the literature of the Christian Church from the time of the Apostolic Fathers onward, that the Church has always considered the Bible to be trustworthy in its affirmations about itselfl."The Bible: Is It Factually True, Or Merely Religiously True?
"The Bible claims that the miracles recorded within it really happened. If we reject this Biblical claim, then we reject the integrity of the Bible. If we do not accept the miracles, then the Bible cannot be accepted as trustworthy, because it consistently attests to these miracles."Does The Bible Employ Cultural Accommodation?
"Many theologians suggest that whatever truth may be found in the Bible is relative to the world view of the culture in which it was written. According to them, God has accommodated himself to the mistaken notions of the ancient Near East in His communication to us through the Bible. This viewpoint was never widely held until the rise of liberal theology in the eighteenth century,1 and assumes that God either cannot or does not communicate with us in such a way as to give us truth unencumbered with the false ideas of the people whom he inspired. The theory of cultural accommodation is therefore the result of an antisupernaturalistic bias which is incompatible with the Bible's treatment of itself."Biblical Criticism
"According to the Documentary hypothesis, the Biblical claims for the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch are false. Rather, the first five books of the Bible are made up of many fragments by different authors. The earliest, the Jahwist (J), was an unknown writer who lived in the Southern Kingdom of Judah in about 850 B.C., either 440 or 600 years after the time of Moses, depending upon one's dating of the Exodus. The Elohist (E) was supposed to have been an unknown writer in the Northern Kingdom of Israel who lived around 750 B.C. The writings of J and E were combined a hundred years later by an unknown redactor. Then, according to this hypothesis, in 621 B.C., the Deuteronomic writer (D) composed the book of Deuteronomy during the reforms of King Josiah. Finally, in about 570 B.C., the Priestly writer (P) wrote various sections of the Pentateuch concerned with genealogical lists and the details of the sacrificial system. These views, which were advocated by Julius Wellhausen, gained a strong foothold in the field of Biblical studies during the twentieth century, despite the fact that both the Pentateuch and many other parts of the Bible specifically state that Moses wrote the Pentateuch. However, there is abundant evidence disconfirming the Documentary hypothesis."The History Of Biblical Criticism
"A careful study of the history of Biblical Criticism will demonstrate that this discipline has its roots in attempts to overthrow the authority of the Bible in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, particularly in France, where the libertines challenged the Christian consensus that prevailed almost universally in Europe at that time.1 For example, Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677), in his Tractatus-theologico-politicus (1670), sought to find contradictions in the Pentateuch in order to undermine the prevailing viewpoint of the Bible as infallible." Also mentions Spinoza, Hugo Grotius, and Jean LeClerc.The Bible And The Rules Of Legal Evidence
"Many critics of the authenticity of documents included within the Old and New Testaments base their contentions upon principles of literary criticism. The use of modern higher Biblical criticism, employing the methods of literary criticism in establishing date and authorship of canonical and extra-canonical documents, is highly questionable."Reason And Observation, Or God's Word?
The Basis For Authority: Reason And Observation, Or God'S Word: "In seventeenth and eighteenth century Europe, a great deal of emphasis began to be placed upon reason as the primary criterion to be used in the determination of truth. Prior to this time, revelation, as given to us in the Scriptures, was considered to be the means by which truth was determined. If the Biblical claims are valid, then the Bible's authority must reign supreme if there are apparent conflicts between its statements and that which has been determined on the basis of reason, experience, or observation."The Claims Of Christ
According to the New Testament accounts, Jesus, during His ministry, often predicted that He would be raised from the dead, He claimed to have authority to forgive sins, to be Teacher and Lord, to be the Messiah prophesied in the Old Testament, to be equal with God, etc.The Divinity Of Christ
Jesus is not the only one who attests to His divinity. All of the Scriptures attest to it. In fact, the Hebrew prophets expected the Messiah to be God, and that He would walk on the earth as a man. He received worship, and said "if you do not believe that "I AM" you will die in your sins."Problems With The Denial Of Christ's Claims
"If Christ's claims were false, then he could not have been a good man, since he thought of Himself as God. It is interesting that, throughout all of history, Jesus has been considered a model of humility. Yet, if He was not whom He claimed to be, then He was the very opposite of humble."Miracles: Are They Possible?
"According to C. S. Lewis, reason itself cannot be explained purely in terms of naturalism. If the reasoning process is a purely naturalistic phenomenon, then its results cannot be trusted, and it becomes highly questionable whether there is any possibility of arriving at truth through it."David Hume On Miracles
"Twentieth-century philosophers usually consider David Hume's essay, "Of Miracles," to have dealt the decisive death-blow to any belief either in the supernatural or in the miracles of the Bible. Because Hume's arguments against miracles merely assume the conclusions that he draws, he only begs the question without demonstrating his point." Includes excerpts from Hume.Miracles Throughout History
"Many people argue against the miracles of the Bible by asking why there have been no miracles since the time the Bible was written. However, there is an abundance of evidence that miracles have been happening throughout the history of the Church. Many of the other early church fathers referred to the operation of the miraculous gifts of the Spirit, and recorded other miraculous phenomena which took place in their day, including demonic activity."Demonology And The Existence Of God
"If Satan exists, then we have powerful evidence for the validity of the Scriptural claims concerning supernatural activity. The demonic activity that has taken place in all ages is a testimony to the existence of a powerful spiritual force opposed to God."The Historical Evidence For Noah's Ark
Many quotes and references to sightings. The existence of the ark on Mt. Ararat is also mentioned by Theophilus of Antioch (c. 115-185), who stated, "and of the ark, the remains are to this day to be seen in the Arabian mountains."3 A similar statement is made by Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 315-403), who said, "Do you seriously suppose that we are unable to prove our point, when even to this day the remains of Noah's Ark are shown in the country of the Kurds?"4Illustrations of the Miracles of Jesus
Bible Images: Illustrations of the Miracles of Lord Jesus. [Blueletter Bible Maps and Images]Five Books of Moses
Bible Images: Five Books of Moses. The Creation (engraving) The Judgement of Adam and Eve (engraving) The Deluge (engraving) Noah's Sacrifice (engraving) Melchizedek Blessing Abraham (engraving) Parting of Lot and Abraham (engraving) Abraham's Sacrifice: Jehovah Jirah (engraving) The Departure of Rebekah (engraving) Joseph Interprets Pharaoh's Dream (engraving) The Exposure of Moses (engraving) The Finding of Moses (engraving) Miriam's Song (engraving) Moses and the Brazen Serpent (engraving) Moses on Mount Pisgah (engraving) Death of Moses on Mount Nebo (engraving)[Blueletter Bible Maps and Images]Kings and Chronicles
Bible Images: Kings and Chronicles. [Blueletter Bible Maps and Images]Taylor's Life of Christ
Bible Images: Taylor's Life of Christ. [Blueletter Bible Maps and Images]Capture of Lachish by Sennacherib
Bible Images: Capture of Lachish by Sennacherib (clay tablet). [Blueletter Bible Maps and Images]Story of Samson
Bible Images: Story of Samson. [Blueletter Bible Maps and Images]Song of Solomon
Bible Images: Song of Solomon. [Blueletter Bible Maps and Images]Ruth and Naomi (engraving)
Bible Images: Book of Ruth. Ruth and Naomi (engraving) [Blueletter Bible Maps and Images]Book of Daniel
Bible Images: Book of Daniel. [Blueletter Bible Maps and Images]Illustrations Concerning the Temple & Tabernacle
Bible Images: Illustrations Concerning the Temple. [Blueletter Bible Maps and Images]Bible Maps
Bible Maps - The Interactive Bible (Black and White High Res)Genesis - Book of Firsts
Genesis - Book of Firsts by David Griffiths [Four Eleven Foundation]Exodus - Book of Redemption
Exodus - Book of Redemption by David Griffiths [Four Eleven Foundation]Leviticus: Book of Service
Leviticus: Book of Service - by David Griffiths [Four Eleven Foundation]Judges: Book of Faithlessness and Deliverance
Judges: Book of Faithlessness and Deliverance - by David Griffiths [Four Eleven Foundation]1 & 2 Samuel: First and Second books of Monarchy
1 & 2 Samuel: First and Second books of Monarchy - by David Griffiths [Four Eleven Foundation]1 & 2 Kings: Third and Fourth books of Monarchy
1 & 2 Kings: Third and Fourth books of Monarchy - by David Griffiths [Four Eleven Foundation]Nehemiah: God's Businessman
Nehemiah: God's Businessman - by David Griffiths [Four Eleven Foundation]Browse the Bible by Book, Chapter, and Verse (KJV)
Browse from a list of every Book of the Bible, once your selection is made you can browse by chapter and verse.Survey of Old Testament History
A general survey of Old Testament History with a timeline and certain topics. The Christian Resource InstituteThe Spread of Christianity
The Bible Knowledge Accelerator #4-The Spread of Christianity by Rusty Russell: Jesus dying on a Roman cross was not the end but the beginning. His followers were Jewish and would spread a message called the "gospel" meaning "good news" starting in Jerusalem and spreading to the farthest parts of the known world. Their message was: Jesus, a lowly Jewish carpenter from the despised city of Nazareth, was rejected by His own Jewish nation and crucified by the Roman governor was indeed the Messiah and the Savior of mankind, who rose from the dead and anyone who would accept Him would be forgiven of all sins and would rise with Him in glory. Those who spread the message were scorned by their own nation as well, and also by the Greek and Roman cultures who referred to the message as "superstitious rabble." Yet the message spread to all who had open hearts throughout the whole world and, as Jesus had promised, the Holy Spirit would enter into their hearts and lives. As Christianity spread the "Christians" were fiercly persecuted and shortly after the message went out it became a capital offense to be a Christian. Yet Christianity survived all the slander, hatred and persecutions and after approximately 300 years it broke the power of its greatest adversary in the world, the Roman Empire. Christianity was destined to spread and it would transform the whole Greco-Roman world.Date and Authenticity of the New Testament
In the early twentieth century, most scholars dated the New Testament documents as follows: Matthew, A.D. 851; Mark, A.D. 60-652; Luke, A.D. 80-853; John, A.D. 90-954; Pauline Epistles, A.D. 48-645.Date and Authenticity of the New Testament
In the early twentieth century, most scholars dated the New Testament documents as follows: Matthew, A.D. 851; Mark, A.D. 60-652; Luke, A.D. 80-853; John, A.D. 90-954; Pauline Epistles, A.D. 48-645.The Historical Trustworthiness of the Bible
"The trustworthiness of the Bible's historical statements has been corroborated again and again both through archaeological discoveries and through close correlation of the Bible's content with other independent ancient sources."Historical Trustworthiness of the Bible
The trustworthiness of the Bible's historical statements has been corroborated again and again both through archaeological discoveries and through close correlation of the Bible's content with other independent ancient sources. A comprehensive study of this topic would be far beyond the scope of these lectures, but for the purpose of illustration, it will be possible to examine briefly the accuracy of Luke as a historian.The Historical Trustworthiness of the Bible
"The trustworthiness of the Bible's historical statements has been corroborated again and again both through archaeological discoveries and through close correlation of the Bible's content with other independent ancient sources."Date and Authenticity of the New Testament
In the early twentieth century, most scholars dated the New Testament documents as follows: Matthew, A.D. 851; Mark, A.D. 60-652; Luke, A.D. 80-853; John, A.D. 90-954; Pauline Epistles, A.D. 48-645.THE VERIFIABILITY OF HISTORY
THE VERIFIABILITY OF HISTORY: EVERY EVENT HAS COLLATERAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND CONSEQUENCES. "The life of Christ made an indelible imprint on all of humanity, yet that this should have happened at all is in itself a miracle. "That this man of poor and uncultivated stock should remake the basis of philosophy and open out to the world of the future an unknown territory of thought; that this simple son of a declining people, born in an obscure district in a small Roman province, this nameless Jew like all those others despised by the Procurators of Caesar, should speak with a voice that was to sound above those of the Emperors themselves, these are the most surprising facts of history."3 In our own day and age we live with these consequences of the life of Christ. Whether we like it or not, he made an indelible mark upon all of humanity. If we deny his existence, not only do we do violence to the fabric of history, but we deny what is presently the case."WHY THE BIBLE CANNOT BE LEGEND
"This makes history verifiable, and enables us to investigate any historical claim. Moveover, the events of history are inextricably interwoven. Every event that actually takes place is interconnected with all others that occur at the same time and place. To deny the historicity of a single event requires a re- explanation of all of the circumstances surrounding its occurrence. Biblical history and secular history are completely interrelated. They interpenetrate each other to such a degree that it is impossible to divorce them. A denial of Biblical history would entail a denial of what is known about secular history, because both are interwoven into the same fabric. The facts recorded in the Old Testament, including the supernatural events, are integral to the secular history of Israel and the nations that surrounded her before the time of Christ. In the same way, the facts recorded in the New Testament are integral to the history of the Roman Empire. If we did not take the Bible at face value, it would be difficult to explain the rise of Christian faith in the midst of persecution in the Roman Empire until it eventually became the preferred religion almost three hundred years later."THE AMAZING SURVIVAL OF THE WORD OF GOD
"Unchanged and unchangeable, this Bible stands for centuries, unconcerned about the praise and the reproach of men. With sublime freedom it strides through the history of mankind, dismisses entire nations with a glance, with a word, in order to tarry a long time with the deeds of a shepherd. It rises like an angel to heights that make peoples, passing hither and thither, appear like swarms of grasshoppers, yea, all nations like a drop in a bucket."Striding Lion
Iraq: Babylon, Processional Avenue north of the Ishtar Gate Neo-Babylonian Period; Reign of Nebuchadnezzar II, ca. 604-562 B.C. Molded brick with polychrome glaze; Purchased in Berlin, 1931. "This colorful striding lion, its mouth opened in a threatening roar, once decorated a side of the 'Processional Way' in ancient Babylon (the Biblical city of Babel). The 'Processional Way' led out of the city through a massive gate named for the Mesopotamian goddess of love and war, Ishtar, whose symbol was the lion. Each year, during the celebration of the great New Year Festival, the images of the city's deities were carried out through the Ishtar Gate and along the 'Processional Way' past some 120 lions such as this one to a special festival house north of the city."Female Figurine from Ur
Iraq: Tell Asmar, Trench D; Ur III/Isin-Larsa Period, ca. 2100-1800 B.C. Baked clay. Excavated by the Oriental Institute, 1935-6. "Figurines like this one have been found in the excavated remains of Mesopotamian houses, temples, and other public buildings of the early second millennium B.C. They have no definite divine attributes and their exact function is not known. This female has characteristic broad, flat hips, a large and elaborately incised pubic triangle, and prominent breasts with applied disk-shaped nipples."Who were the Pharisees and Sadducees?
The two most well-known Jewish sects from the time of Jesus Christ. The Bible refers often to the Sadducees and Pharisees, especially in the New Testament as Jesus was in constant conflict with them. The Sadducees and Pharisees comprised the ruling class of spiritual Israel. There are many similarities between the two groups but important differences between them as well.Ancient - Biblical websites
Provides vast resources chosen and rated by the editors [Ancient History]Jesus Before Annas and Caiaphas by Alfred Edersheim
THE CROSS AND THE CROWN, THURSDAY NIGHT, BEFORE ANNAS AND CAIAPHAS, PETER AND JESUS. By Alfred EdersheimThe Paradox of the Priesthood
The priesthood under Annas and Caiphas was part of the fullness of times (Gal. 4.4) and it's pride, power and false piety reached complete fruition in their phony trial of the Son of God.The Tax Collectors
Jesus made himself a friend of men, even of the tax collectors and the worst of sinners. He set a new precedent among the Jews by accepting and associating with the tax collectors. He ate with them (Mark 2:16), He offered salvation to them (Luke 19:9), and He even chose a tax collector (Matthew) as one of His twelve disciples (Matt 9:9).Tax Collectors - Overview
Ancient Jewish writings reveal some interesting views of Rabbis toward the tax collectorsHistory of The Tax Collector
The Tax Collector or Tax Gatherer is the Greek word "telones" and the King James Version of the Bible translates the word "publican." He was contracted by Rome to collect taxes for the government during New Testament times.Customs of the Tax Collectors
"The tax collector could walk up to any traveler, on any road within his district and ask him to drop all of his goods in order to exact tax."Tiberius Denarius Tribute Penny
Coins (Image)Matthew - New Testament Tax Collectors
The call of Matthew (Levi) and his reception in honor of Jesus.Jesus and the Tax Collectors
Jesus made himself a friend of men, even of the tax collectors and the worst of sinners. He set a new precedent among the Jews by accepting and associating with the tax collectors. He ate with them (Mark 2:16), He offered salvation to them (Luke 19:9), and He even chose a tax collector (Matthew) as one of His twelve disciples (Matt 9:9).Publican and Taxes
Smith's Bible DictionaryPublican and Taxes
Easton's Bible DictionaryTax Collector
Strong's ConcordanceTAX, TAXING
The International Standard Bible EncyclopediaCustom-House Officers, Taxation, Publicans
Chapter 4 - Travelling in Israel--Roads, Inns, Hospitality, Custom-House Officers, Taxation, Publicans Sketches of Jewish Social Life (Ch 4) by EdersheimThe Well Hated Tax Collector
Conclusion and DevotionalAudio Bible on 62 CD-Rom's
Both the Old and New Testaments on 62 CD-Rom's beautifully packaged in 4 albums. By purchasing both the Old and New Testaments at the same time, you can save over $30.00 + Free Shipping.Audio Bible on One CD-Rom
This is Scourby's newest addition and it's a one of a kind product (Free Shipping); there is nothing like it in the world. It contains the complete narration by Alexander Scourby, as well as the complete text. It has a full search engine and a 13,000 word Greek and Hebrew Lexicon. It also has an electronic bookmark to make Bible reading easy and fun.High Priests of New Testament Times
Brief overview of the history of the high priesthood through New Testament times.List of Jewish High Priests
The Jewish High Priests from 200 B.C to the Destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D.Spiritual Leaders of Jerusalem
in New Testament times. The Priests and Scribes.Brief History from Alexander to Herod (A. Edersheim)
AN ABSTRACT OF JEWISH HISTORY FROM THE REIGN OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT TO THE ASCENSION OF HEROD By Alfred EdersheimThe Darby Bible
This zip file contains an e-text of The Darby Bible, A literal translation of the Old Testament (1890) and the New Testament (1884) By John Nelson Darby (1800-82).Greek New Testament.
E-texts of the Greek New Testament. Bible -- N.T. -- Greek languageStrong's Dictionary of Hebrew Words
This zip file contains an e-text of Strong's/AV (Old Testament only)1833 Noah Webster Bible
This zip file contains an e-text of the Webster Bible - In 1833 Noah Webster, America's first grammarian and founding father of American education, who had mastered 20 languages including Hebrew and Greek, published the King James Authorized Version "with amendments to the language".Weymouth New Testament in Modern Speech
This zip file contains an e-text of the Weymouth New Testament in Modern Speech, Third Edition 1913 - These files were produced by keying for use in the Online Bible. Proofreading was performedYoung's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible
This zip file contains an e-text of the Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible by Robert Young, 1862, 1887, 1898 (author of the Young's Analytical Concordance)Electronic Texts (Bible Related)
best online Bibles; Gospel harmonies and parallels; other text related links [Links to Other e-Text Bible Sites]The Douay-Rheims Bible Project
The Douay-Rheims Bible is a Catholic version of the Bible. [Links to Other e-Text Bible Sites]Vincent Broman - Greek New Testament
An annotated gateway to Greek New Testament Web Resources including texts, fonts, grammars, lexica, discussion list and software. Part of the New Testament Gateway by Dr Mark Goodacre, Dept of Theology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. Editions in machine-readable form Stephanus (Robert Etienne`s) 1550 edition, Scrivener`s 1894 edition, Parsed and lemmatized Stephanus with Scrivener variants, Oxford 1873 Textus Receptus of John, The Robinson-Pierpont Majority Text, Tischendorf`s 8th major edition, Plain Westcott-Hort edition Unix format, Nestle-Aland 26th/27th edition, Westcott-Hort edition combined with NA26 variants. [Links to Other e-Text Bible Sites]e-texts in many languages
arabic, chinese, danish, english, finnish, french, german, greek, hebrew, latin, swahili, swedish, tagalog, turkish [Links to Other e-Text Bible Sites]Medieval Studies - Etexts
Full Text Sources from Stanford University [Links to Other e-Text Bible Sites]The World English Bible (WEB)
The World English Bible is a Modern English update of the American Standard Version of 1901. [Links to Other e-Text Bible Sites]The Word of God in Spanish
New Testaments of the following Spanish Bibles: Valera 1858 & 1862, Parts of Fransisco de Enzinas 1543. In the making... Reina 1865, 1602, & Valera 1569. [Links to Other e-Text Bible Sites]Condensed Biblical Cyclopedia
This zip file contains the Ashley S. Johnson's Condensed Biblical Cyclopedia. This electronic edition was prepared during February 1996 from the second edition of the book. The first edition of Johnson's book was published in 1893; the second edition in 1896. The second edition was later reprinted under the title `The Busy Man Bible Encyclopedia'. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]Class Notes On Sacred History
This zip file contains the Class Notes On Sacred History by J. W. McGarvey. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]The Gospel Series - Studying the life of Jesus
This series is designed to study the life of Jesus from the four Gospels in the Bible using a harmony of the Gospels to get a complete account of the life of Jesus.The Skeptic Series - Who is Jesus Christ?
Opening Arguments
Errors in the Bible
The Virgin Birth and the genealogies of Jesus
The Preservation of the Bible
Did Jesus claim to be God?
Did Jesus die on the cross?
The Resurrection
Closing Arguments
The Verdict
The Full Bible Text
Brought to you by Calvary Chapel Library. Nicely laid out for easy online viewing.The Full Bible Text
Brought to you by Calvary Chapel Library. Nicely laid out for easy online viewing.John Calvin - Selected Commentaries
Brought to you by Calvary Chapel Library. Nicely laid out for easy online viewing.Daily Light on the Daily Path
This zip file contains the Daily Light on the Daily Path: A Devotional Textbook for Every Day of the Year, In the Very Words of Scripture. Prepared by Jonathan Bagster [1813-1872] and Other Members of His Family. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary
This zip file contains the Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. These Dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton M.A., D.D., Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by Thomas Nelson, 1897. No Illustrations.[e-Text Bible Study Aids]Fourfold Gospel
This zip file contains the Fourfold Gospel or A Harmony of the Four Gospels, by J. W. McGarvey, LL.D. and Philip Y. Pendleton, A.B.. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]Guide To Bible Study
This zip file contains the Guide To Bible Study by J. W. McGarvey, 1829-1911. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary
This zip file contains the Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible. Matches the printed edition as published by Moody Press, 28th printing. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]Nave's Topical Bible
This zip file contains the Nave's Topical Bible. Nave's Topics were originally produced by Orville J. Nave, A.M., D.D., LL.D. while serving as a Chaplain in the United States Army. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]The People's New Testament
This zip file contains The People's New Testament by B. W. Johnson. Notes and commentary on the New Testament. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament
This zip file contains Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament. A.T. Robertson, A.M., D.D., LL. D., Litt.D. 6 Volumes, 1930-33. Vol 1,2,3,4 Public Domain -- Copy Freely. Volume 5 (c) 1932. Used by permission. [Copyright expires Dec. 31, 2006.] Volume 6 (c) 1933. Used by permission. [Copyright expires Dec. 31, 2007.] [e-Text Bible Study Aids]Fifty-Two Bible Lessons
This zip file contains A Series of Fifty-Two Bible Lessons for the use of Intermediate and Advanced Classes in the Sunday-School, by J. W. McGarvey, 1889. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]Spurgeon Morning & Evening
This zip file contains Morning & Evening: Daily Readings by Charles Spurgeon. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]Strong's Dictionary of Greek Words
This zip file contains Strong's Dictionaries of Hebrew and Greek Words, taken from, Strong's Exhaustive Concordance by James Strong, S.T.D., LL.D., 1890. [e-Text Bible Study Aids]Full Text Databases
A List of Online Text Databases. This page lists the online/full-text databases available to students, faculty, and staff of Webster University and Eden Theological Seminary. [e-Text]Matthew Henry: Concise Commentary On The Whole Bible
Brought to you by Calvary Chapel Library. Nicely laid out for easy online viewing.RA Torrey: New Topical Textbook
Brought to you by Calvary Chapel Library. Nicely laid out for easy online viewing.Timeline: The United Kingdom Through The Captivity
Brought to you by Calvary Chapel Library. Nicely laid out for easy online viewing.Timeline: Roman Emperors
Brought to you by Calvary Chapel Library. Nicely laid out for easy online viewing.Modern Map of Israel
Interactive Map. Nicely laid out for easy online viewing.Evolution or Creation?
by RW Hayes (34k) [html format]Feast Days
by RW Hayes (52k) [html format]Passover and Unleavened bread
by RW Hayes (62k) [html format]The Sons of God were they Angles or Men?
by RW Hayes (29k) [html format]The Trinity/Holy Spirit
by RW Hayes (33k) [html format]Truth Of God: There is Only One God One Church
by RW Hayes (36k) [html format]Should A Woman Have Her Head Uncovered In Church ?
by RW Hayes (14k) [html format]1769 KJB w/ Strong Numbers and Morphology
This e-text 1769 edition of the 1611 AV, King James Version.1611 AV, King James Version
This zip file contains an e-text of the 1769 edition of the 1611 AV, King James Version.Bible In Basic English
1949 - 1964 Bible In Basic English.Bible In Basic English.
This zip file contains an e-text of the 1949/1964 Bible In Basic English.bbe.zip 1.54MB
This zip file contains an e-text of the 1949/1964 Bible In Basic English.Glossary of terms related to Judaism
Prepared by Robert A. Kraft, University of PennsylvaniaVine`s Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words
These Dictionary topics are from W.E. Vine`s M.A., Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words published in 1940 and without copyright. [searchable] [complete]Bartlett, John. 1901. Familiar Quotations
Passages, Phrases, and Proverbs traced to their original sources. [General] [Quotations]Adam & Eve
Adam and Eve are treated throughout the Bible as historical people and not simply as fables, fictional characters or parables of mans moral failure. The author of Genesis goes out of his way to establish the historicity of the account by listing in detail the location of the garden in proximity to the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. Electronic Christian MediaNoah
The Weld-Blundell Prism, found in 1922, contains the oldest known outline of world history written 100 years before Abraham. Written in 2170 B.C. listing ten kings before the flood with extremely long reigns as the biblical record indicates. Electronic Christian MediaAbraham
Abram was the son of Terah a descendant of Shem. They lived in Ur of the Chaldees and Abram was born here. At some point in his early life Terah and all the family moved up the Euphrates river to settle in Haran. It was about 600 miles north west from Ur. Electronic Christian MediaMoses
While Moses is not mentioned outside the Old Testament there are veiled references to him in the names of Egyptian monarchs like Tuthmoses III. Moses lived 300 years after the death of Joseph, and was raised up by God to lead Israel out of the slavery of Egypt. Electronic Christian MediaKings of Israel
Kings of Israel & Judah, Statistics of the Kings, articles, timeline, map. Electronic Christian MediaSurrounding Nations
The most comprehensive list of foreign nations known to the Hebrews is that given in Genesis 10 in the form of a genealogical table of the descendants of Shem, Ham and Jepheth. The descendants are nations not individuals, and broadly speaking they form three geographical groups, the northern nations (japheth), the southern nations (Ham), the middle nations (Shem). Electronic Christian MediaElijah & Elisha
Covers a range of topics throughout the lives of Elijah & Elisha. Electronic Christian MediaIsaiah
While Isaiah did write the book of Isaiah this is not all that he wrote. He had written a complete journal of Uzziah's reign and most of the major events of Hezekiah but these have not been preserved according to God's plan. Electronic Christian MediaJeremiah
More is revealed about Jeremiah's life and personality through his writings than any other Old Testament prophet. Jeremiah was the son of Hilkiah a priest from Anathoth, a small town just Northeast of Jerusalem. Jeremiah 1:1 God had called him to be a prophet in the thirteenth year of King Josiah (627/6 B.C.) Electronic Christian MediaJewish leaders
The joint work of Ezra and Nehemiah had been to complete the Torah, or Law, and to enforce obedience to it. Historically, that work followed the lines of Josiah's reform, and like it the whole force of the law was directed against idolatry, and tended to centralise worship in Jerusalem. Electronic Christian MediaJohn the Baptist
He is called the Baptist Matthew 3:1 and the baptiser Mark 6:14 to distinguish him from other John's and emphasise the distinctive ministry which he had. He was born about 7 B.C. to elderly parents named Zechariah and Elizabeth. Electronic Christian MediaApostle Peter
More is know about him than any other apostle. A native of Bethsaida in Galilee he was a fisherman. He probably was in business with his brother Andrew and James and John, sons of Zebedee. Electronic Christian MediaApostle Paul
Paul was a Jew, born of Jewish parents in the city of Tarsus, in the province of Cilicia, and was known in his early years as Saul of Tarsus. Electronic Christian MediaDisciples
This is a transliteration of the Greek word apostolos. It means 'One who is sent'. In secular Greek it refers to a naval expedition. The idea was that an apostle was one who was sent as a special representative of Christ. Electronic Christian MediaSacrificial System
It did not have power to remove sin, but was typical of the one great sacrifice of Christ, and to Him it pointed forward. It is noteworthy that when the three main offerings were offered together, the sin offering always preceded the burnt offering, and the burnt the peace offerings. Electronic Christian MediaCoins references - bibliography
Nicely done, in color. [Ancient Near East] [Coins]Covenants & Treaties
A Covenant then is an agreement between two parties, a greater to a lesser of unequal status made on certain terms. One party performs it, the other fulfils it. Electronic Christian MediaFeasts & Festivals
The great lesson of the book of Leviticus is that the Holy God must have a Holy people, and that this holiness must embrace the whole of life. The New Testament principle is the same 'whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God'. Electronic Christian MediaWeights & Measures
Hebrew coinage was the basis of the weights for the Jews. These were the Gerah, Beka, Pim, Shekel, Mina, and Talent. Electronic Christian MediaAncient Greece Glossary
Brief. Ancient GreeceAbout the Bible Links and Articles
Accuracy; Contradictions; Archaeology; Inspiration; Inerrancy; History. Restoration Light Bible Study ServicesOn Bible "Errors" and "Contradictions":
A Defense of the Inerrancy of ScriptureSepphoris—A City Set On a Hill
(Pastoral Bible Institute) - Archaeological discussion of two potential sites for the "city set on a hill" allusion of Jesus in his Sermon on the Mount. [Archaeology]Origin of the Bible
The Bible is more wonderful and unique than any other book in the world. This is apparent from a variety of ways. No one man or group of men planned the Bible. It was written in different lands over a period of 1600 years. The very existence of such a book is an overwhelming proof that the Bible is not of man, but that it is a production of God. Electronic Christian MediaBible Translations
Acommon questions that is often asked is which translation should I use there are so many of them. First it must be acknowledged that not all translations are of the same quality and theological level. Those who need to use modern translations of the Bible the most are those who don't know Greek and Hebrew and therefore are not able to pass judgment on technical questions of the text. Unfortunately those who need them most are the least able to evaluate them critically. Electronic Christian MediaGlossary - The Life of Jesus
From Abel to Zebulun. Bible History Online.New Testament Palestine Map and Glossary
Israel cities in 1st century Israel. From Abelane to Zia. Bible History Online.New Testament Palestine City Search
Israel cities in 1st century Israel. From Abelane to Zia. Bible History Online.The story of Elijah and Elisha
The story of Elijah and Elisha, found in the biblical books of 1 Kings and 2 Kings, is a captivating narrative that highlights the prophetic ministries of these two significant figures. Elijah, a bold and fiery prophet, confronts the wickedness of King Ahab and his wife Jezebel, challenging the worship of false gods and calling the people back to the true God. Elisha, chosen as Elijah's successor, inherits his mantle and continues the prophetic work, performing miracles and serving as a spiritual leader for Israel. Their stories are marked by divine interventions, miraculous events, and powerful demonstrations of God's presence and power.
The Bible story of "The Boy Who Shared His Lunch"
The Bible story of "The Boy Who Shared His Lunch" is a heartwarming tale of generosity and faith. In this story, a young boy is among a large crowd gathered to hear Jesus teach. When faced with the challenge of feeding the multitude, the boy selflessly offers his meager lunch of five loaves of bread and two fish. Miraculously, Jesus multiplies the food to feed thousands of people, showcasing the power of God's provision and the importance of sharing what we have with others. This story serves as a powerful reminder of the impact of simple acts of kindness and the blessings that come from offering what we have to serve others.
How Jesus came to be
The story of how Jesus came to be is a central aspect of Christian belief and is recounted in the New Testament of the Bible. According to Christian teachings, Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born to the Virgin Mary in Bethlehem. His birth, celebrated on Christmas, is seen as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and the embodiment of God's love and redemption for humanity. The miraculous nature of Jesus' birth sets the stage for his life, teachings, and ultimately, his role as the Messiah and Savior according to Christian faith.
The story of Moses and the Exodus
The story of Moses and the Exodus is a foundational narrative in both Jewish and Christian traditions. It recounts the journey of the Israelites led by Moses out of slavery in Egypt and towards the Promised Land. Moses, chosen by God, confronts the powerful Pharaoh and demands the release of his people, unleashing a series of divine plagues upon Egypt. Eventually, the Israelites escape through the parted waters of the Red Sea, while the pursuing Egyptian army is engulfed, solidifying the belief in God's deliverance and providence. The story of Moses and the Exodus serves as a symbol of liberation, faith, and the enduring relationship between God and His chosen people.
The Story of Noah
The story of Noah, found in the book of Genesis in the Bible, is a tale of divine judgment, obedience, and preservation. In this story, God sees the wickedness and corruption of humanity and decides to bring a catastrophic flood to cleanse the earth. Noah, a righteous man, is chosen by God to build an ark and gather pairs of animals to survive the impending flood. Through Noah's obedience, he and his family are saved, and after the waters recede, a rainbow appears as a sign of God's covenant with humanity, promising to never destroy the earth by a flood again. The story of Noah carries themes of faith, righteousness, and the consequences of human actions.
The Story of Daniel
The story of Daniel, found in the Old Testament of the Bible, is a tale of unwavering faith, divine protection, and prophetic wisdom. Daniel, a young Israelite, is taken captive by the Babylonians and rises to prominence in the court of King Nebuchadnezzar. Despite facing trials and opposition, Daniel remains faithful to his God and interprets dreams and visions with great accuracy. His steadfastness leads to miraculous deliverance from the lion's den and serves as a testament to God's faithfulness. The story of Daniel highlights the power of trust in God, even in the face of adversity, and the importance of remaining true to one's beliefs.
The Story of Enoch
The story of Enoch, found in the book of Genesis, is a brief but intriguing account of a righteous man who walked closely with God. Enoch is described as one who "walked with God" and pleased Him so much that he was taken from the earth without experiencing death. Enoch's story highlights the importance of a close relationship with God and a life lived in obedience and righteousness. Although his story is concise, it serves as an inspiration for believers to pursue a deep connection with the divine and strive to live in a manner that pleases God.
The Story of Abraham
The story of Abraham, found in the book of Genesis, is a foundational narrative in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Abraham is known as the father of the Jewish people and is revered as a prophet in both Christianity and Islam. The story follows Abraham's journey of faith as he receives a divine call to leave his homeland and embark on a new land promised by God. Throughout his life, Abraham encounters numerous trials and tests, demonstrating his unwavering trust and obedience to God. The story of Abraham serves as a powerful example of faith, covenant, and the foundational relationship between God and humanity.
The Story about Joshua
The story of Joshua, found in the biblical book of Joshua, is a narrative of conquest, courage, and faith. Following the death of Moses, Joshua assumes leadership of the Israelites and leads them in the conquest of the Promised Land. Guided by divine instructions, Joshua and his army overcome formidable challenges and claim victory over numerous Canaanite cities. The story showcases Joshua's unwavering faith in God's promises and his role as a strong military leader. Through Joshua's leadership, the Israelites establish a foothold in the land that would become their ancestral homeland.
Why the sea parted before Moses
According to the biblical account, the sea parted before Moses as a miraculous event orchestrated by God during the Israelites' escape from Egypt. As the Israelites found themselves trapped between the pursuing Egyptian army and the Red Sea, Moses lifted his staff upon God's command, and the waters miraculously parted, creating a path for the Israelites to cross on dry land. This extraordinary event demonstrated God's power and intervention in delivering His people from slavery and symbolized the liberation and salvation of the Israelites. The parting of the sea before Moses stands as a testament to divine intervention and the fulfillment of God's promises.
Solomon's Temple | All you need to know
According to the biblical account, the sea parted before Moses as a miraculous event orchestrated by God during the Israelites' escape from Egypt. As the Israelites found themselves trapped between the pursuing Egyptian army and the Red Sea, Moses lifted his staff upon God's command, and the waters miraculously parted, creating a path for the Israelites to cross on dry land. This extraordinary event demonstrated God's power and intervention in delivering His people from slavery and symbolized the liberation and salvation of the Israelites. The parting of the sea before Moses stands as a testament to divine intervention and the fulfillment of God's promises.
Abraham's Journey in 4 minutes
Abraham's journey is a significant narrative in biblical history. According to the book of Genesis, Abraham, originally known as Abram, embarked on a transformative journey of faith. He was called by God to leave his homeland and follow a divine promise of a new land and descendants. Throughout his journey, Abraham encountered various trials, including famine, conflicts, and tests of faith. His obedience and trust in God ultimately led to the establishment of a covenant and the birth of a great nation. Abraham's journey serves as an inspiring example of faith, obedience, and the fulfillment of divine promises.
Bathsheba - The Great Temptation
Bathsheba is a prominent figure in biblical history, known for her role in the story of King David. She was the wife of Uriah the Hittite, but David's desire for her led to a series of events with grave consequences. After their illicit affair, Bathsheba became pregnant, and David arranged for Uriah's death in battle to cover up their sin. Despite the scandal surrounding their relationship, Bathsheba eventually became the mother of Solomon, who would become a significant figure in Israel's history as a wise king. The story of Bathsheba highlights the complexities of power, temptation, and forgiveness in the biblical narrative.
Herod's Temple | Quick Summary
Herod's Temple, also known as the Second Temple, was a magnificent structure located in Jerusalem. Built by King Herod the Great in the 1st century BCE, it replaced the earlier temple destroyed by the Babylonians. The temple was a center of worship and a symbol of Jewish identity. Its grandeur and architectural beauty made it one of the most remarkable structures of its time. Sadly, the temple was eventually destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE, leaving a lasting impact on Jewish history and religious practices.
Unveiling the Power of God's Anointing
"Unveiling the Power of God's Anointing" is a captivating exploration of the divine empowerment found in the biblical concept of anointing. This enlightening video delves into the significance and transformative nature of God's anointing upon individuals throughout history. Through inspiring stories and teachings, it reveals the profound impact of God's anointing on personal lives, ministries, and the fulfillment of God's purposes. Prepare to be inspired and encouraged as you discover the extraordinary power and potential unlocked through God's anointing.
Unearthing the Mysteries of the Old Testament
The Old Testament is a significant religious text that forms part of the Bible. It consists of a collection of sacred writings, including historical accounts, poetry, prophecies, and laws. This ancient scripture is revered by Judaism and Christianity, providing insights into the creation of the world, the origins of humanity, the history of the Israelites, and the relationship between humans and the divine. Through its diverse stories and teachings, the Old Testament offers moral guidance, spiritual wisdom, and a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of ancient civilizations.
From Mockery to Majesty: The Powerful Symbolism of the Crown of Thorns
"From Mockery to Majesty: The Powerful Symbolism of the Crown of Thorns" explores the profound significance behind one of Christianity's most iconic relics. This video delves into the origins of the crown and its pivotal role in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Discover the deep symbolism associated with the crown, representing both the suffering and triumph of Christ. Uncover the historical and spiritual dimensions that make the Crown of Thorns a powerful symbol of faith and redemption.
Supernatural Encounters in the Bible
"Supernatural Encounters in the Bible" explores the awe-inspiring and mysterious encounters depicted in the biblical narratives. From angelic visitations to divine interventions, this video delves into the profound moments where the spiritual realm intersects with human lives. Unveiling the supernatural aspects of the Bible, it offers insights into the significance of these encounters and their impact on individuals and the course of history. Join us on this captivating journey through the biblical accounts of supernatural phenomena.
Pontius Pilate - the Role in the Divine Drama
Delve into the captivating story of Pontius Pilate and his pivotal role in the divine drama of Jesus' crucifixion. Explore the historical accounts and biblical narratives surrounding this enigmatic figure, known for his involvement in the trial and execution of Jesus. Uncover the complexities and moral dilemmas faced by Pilate as he navigated the political landscape of Roman-occupied Jerusalem. Gain insights into the theological and symbolic significance of Pilate's actions and the lasting impact they had on Christian history.
Religious Festivals
"Religious Festivals: Celebrating Faith and Tradition in Newark" is a vibrant and diverse exploration of the myriad religious festivals that enrich the cultural tapestry of Newark, a city known for its rich history and community engagement. This initiative showcases the multitude of faiths and traditions practiced in the city, offering a platform to celebrate and share the spiritual and cultural significance of these festivals.
From Diwali and Eid to Hanukkah and Christmas, Newark's religious festivals span a wide spectrum of faiths, reflecting the city's multicultural essence. These festivals bring together people from various backgrounds to honor their beliefs, strengthen community bonds, and celebrate the shared values of compassion, unity, and harmony.
"Religious Festivals: Celebrating Faith and Tradition in Newark" often includes vibrant parades, colorful displays, traditional music and dance performances, and communal feasts. These celebrations not only provide opportunities for spiritual reflection and worship but also offer educational insights for those curious about different belief systems and cultural expressions.
This initiative contributes to the spirit of inclusivity and understanding, fostering a sense of unity among the city's diverse residents. It highlights the vital role that religious festivals play in promoting interfaith dialogue, cultural exchange, and mutual respect among communities.
By showcasing the richness of religious festivals in Newark, this initiative creates a platform for dialogue, celebration, and exploration of the many ways faith and tradition shape the lives of the city's residents. It embodies the city's commitment to embracing diversity and honoring the cultural heritage that makes Newark a truly vibrant and inclusive place to call home.
Mount Ararat Comparison
Mount Ararat is where Noah's Ark came to rest (Gen 8:4). This illustration reveals Mount Ararat (16,873 feet above sea level) in comparison to other mountains mentioned in the Bible.Map of Ancient Aram
Aram Damascus was the most important of the Aramean kingdoms in the 9th-8th centuries B.C.Jerusalem: From Town to Metropolis
Over time, the Judean capital city of Jerusalem grew and expanded well beyond the small boundaries of the City of David. At first, the Temple Mount was an addition to the city and was, apparently, fortified in some way (which still remains unknown). Later, the process of expansion "beyond the walls" occured after the population continued to increase. The Bible mentions the names of residential neighborhoods outside the City of David, such as Mishneh (Kings II 22;14) and Makhtesh (Zephania 1;11). The main growth in population occurred around 721 C.E., when the Northern Israelite kingdom of Israel was destroyed by Assyria and the refugees fled to the Southern Israelite kingdom of Judea; and in 701 C.E., when King Sennacherib of Assyria led a military campaign, conquering the coastal cities of the Land of Israel. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Jebusite Foundation
During the 1960's the British archeologist Kathleen Kenyon excavated the eastern slope of the city's hill. She succeeded in exposing, at the middle of the slope, the remains of the solid Jebusite defense wall that King David had to overcome in his conquest of Jerusalem. Only the small section pictured was exposed during the excavation. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Wide Wall from the Jewish Quarter
This wall, which was discovered by Professor Avigad, is an impressive archaeological testimony of the fortification effort by King Hezekiah. The length of the segment of the exposed wall is 65 meters, and its width is 7 meters. The wall is assumed to be from the period of Hezekiah, because clay fragments identified with that period were found near the wall. Underneath the wall, remnants of houses were found which also date to that same time period. This is an example of fortification in times of emergency, as Isaiah the prophet aptly describes the situation: "...and ye numbered the houses of Jerusalem, and ye broke down the houses to fortify the wall." (Isaiah 22;10). [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Money
The first recorded account of official minting of Jewish money was under Antiochus VII who gave Simon Maccabees the permission to produce a coin with his own mark on it. 1 Maccabees. 15:6 140 B.C. Electronic Christian MediaThe Ancient Wall inside today's Jewish Quarter
This wide wall is located in the heart of the reconstructed Jewish quarter of today's Old City. A segment of it was left exposed in the quarter so that visitors could easily see it and gain an insight into the strength of the fortification. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Jewish Calendar
The Israelites would often designate the time by the type of growing season. Electronic Christian MediaCreation
The act of creation is given in terms of fiat and fulfillment. There is the command 'let there be' and then the fulfillment 'then there was'. Electronic Christian MediaThe Fall
The fall of man is recorded in detail for us in Genesis 3. It is presented as history and not legend, fable or parable. 2 Corinthians 11:3; John 8:44 The names of places, rivers and other locations are identified to provide its historicity. Electronic Christian MediaThe Flood
There can be no greater event in the early period of the Old Testament which has stirred more controversy than the flood found in Genesis 6-9. Electronic Christian MediaExcavations in the City of David
The City of David is located on the Ophel hill, a hill sloping southward from the southeastern side of the Temple Mount. Today the Ophel is an archaeological garden, open to the public for study tours. Extensive excavations in this area, carried out since 1968, cut through about 2,500 years of history and include some 25 layers. Important finds from the First (960 - 587 BCE) and Second Temple periods (515 BCE - 70 CE), Roman times (63 BCE - 324 CE), the Byzantine era (324 - 638) and the early Muslim period (7th C.) show how the city's successive rulers used the remains of their predecessors' structures for their own buildings. Four additional biblical sites are located in this area: the Gihon Spring, Warren's Shaft, Hezekiah's Tunnel, and the Pool of Siloam. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Exodus
Israel was under the bondage of Egypt for 430 years. The account can be found in Exodus 1-7 . Then God had fulfilled his promise to Abraham, Israel had become a great nation, and now it was time to fulfil the second part of the promise and provide a homeland. The journey out of the land of Egypt has been called the Exodus coming from two words 'EX' meaning 'out of' and 'Hodos' meaning 'road'. It is the road out of Egypt or the departure. Electronic Christian MediaGiving of the Law
Law in Israel existed long before the Ten Commandments were given even though there is no formal account in Scripture. However it is clear from the early chapter of Genesis that there were laws and regulations which were binding on the people of God. Electronic Christian MediaThe Conquest Under Joshua
The Conquest is concerned primarily with the entering of the people of Israel into the Land of Promise under Joshua. The record is found in the first twelve chapters of the book of Joshua and continued in the book of the Judges. Electronic Christian MediaBuilding of the Tabernacle
God directed the people of Israel to construct a dwelling place for Himself in the midst of the people so they would know of his abiding presence and guidance. Moses was given the particulars on Mt. Sinai and construction began shortly after. Exodus 36:8ff; 40 Electronic Christian MediaKing Solomon's Temple
Biblical Data In the midst of great prosperity in the land of Israel, King Solomon built a temple for the name of the Lord God. 'And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river unto the land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt: they brought presents, and served Solomon all the days of his life.' 1 Kings 4:21 Electronic Christian MediaDivided Kingdom
From the days when Israel demanded a king like the other nations, not recognising that Yahweh was their king, Israel had been heading toward conflict. 2 Samuel 20 With the increase of Idolatry in Israel through Solomon's wives, God purposed to divide the kingdom in two in order to preserve for himself a people who would be faithful. Electronic Christian MediaThe Exile
The term that is usually used for the Exile is Captivity. There were two major captivities of Jews recorded in the Bible. Israel was taken into Captivity in 732 B.C. by the Assyrians and Judah in 605 B.C. by the Babylonians. Each of them took place in stages over a period of time. Both were brought upon the people of God as judgment for disobedience to the word and Covenant of God. Electronic Christian MediaPentecost
The name is derived from the Greek word for 'fiftieth' (pentecostos) because it was seven weeks after Passover that the 'Feast of Weeks' Exodus 34:22 Deuteronomy 16:10 or the 'Feast of Harvest' Exodus 23:15-22 was observed. It marked the end of the barley harvest and the beginning of the wheat harvest. It was one of the three occasions in the year on which male Israelites were to appear before the Lord but it was much less observed as an occasion of pilgrimage than the feasts of Passover and Tabernacle. Numbers 28:26-31 Electronic Christian MediaPaul's Missionary Journey's
The setting apart of missionaries was accompanied by fasting and praying and the symbolic laying on of hands to indicate the presence of the Holy Spirit in and upon the ministry of God's servants. Electronic Christian MediaNoah's Ark
God commanded Noah to build an ark to deliver Noah, his immediate family and every kind of animal from a universal flood which destroyed every living creature which lived upon the earth because of mans wickedness. Genesis 6 The word in Hebrew means chest, box or boat and is the same word used of the basket which Moses was placed in on the Nile river. Exodus 2:3. Electronic Christian MediaThe Tabernacle
God directed the people of Israel to construct a dwelling place for Himself in the midst of the people so they would know of his abiding presence and guidance. Moses was given the particulars on Mt. Sinai and construction began shortly after. Exodus 36:8ff; 40. Electronic Christian MediaThe Cross
It appears that it was originally a Persian practice which was learned by the Carthaginians and later applied by the Romans as the means of delivering capital punishment. Among the Romans it was rarely used on her own citizens but rather was reserved for slaves, robbers, and insurrectionists in the provinces under her rule. Electronic Christian MediaMusical Instruments
In the Old Testament we see music richly woven into the fabric of the life and worship of the people of God. The Jewish handbook for the Hebrew was the Psalms, and it expresses the great heritage of Jewish piety, as well as giving the New Testament believers a beautiful source for Christian song. Electronic Christian MediaWeapons of War
Though we have no definite information on the subject, there seems to have been some sort of military organisation among the children of Israel while they were in Egypt. Study follows throught to Babylon. Electronic Christian MediaArchaeology and the Bible
Covers several topics. Electronic Christian MediaHebrew, Greek and Aramaic
Covers several topics. Electronic Christian MediaMap of Jerusalem
New TestamentMap of Asia
In New Testament times Asia referred to a Roman province located at the western part of what came to be known as Asia Minor.Apocrypha
The word means hidden and conveys the idea that the contents of such books is secret or hidden and only for an elite group. Thus this word have come to be indicate writings as false or non-canonical having no inspired authority. The Jewish Rabbi's called such writings the outside books. While this generally refers to the thirteen books between the Old Testament and New Testament known as the Old Testament Apocrypha there are other groups of Apocrypha writings known as The Apocrypha Old Testament and Modern Apocrypha writings. Electronic Christian MediaHow to Study the Bible
There are a number of important qualifications that are needed to adequately study the scriptures. In fact you can't properly study Scripture without them. The Scriptures are spiritual and only those who are spiritually qualified can understand them. Electronic Christian MediaPentateuch
The term Pentateuch is the Greek name given to the first five books of the Old Testament. It comes from two Greek words, Pente meaning five and Teuchos meaning book or volume. It represents a five volume book. The books are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. They are called the Five Books of Moses because Moses has been ascribed as their author. The Jews called these books Torah, or the law and originally consisted of one scroll or book. Electronic Christian MediaHistorical Books
The second section of the Old Testament is the historical narratives. This section would include the books of Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, 1 and 2 Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah. There were two major groups which occupied the land of Israel in the early days of Israel's conquest. They were the Amorites and Canaanites. Electronic Christian MediaWisdom Literature
A distinctive Old Testament literature is what is called the Poetical books or wisdom literature. The Poetical books are Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs. Electronic Christian MediaThe Prophets
From 800-400 B.C. there was the flowering of the age of Prophecy. They can be broken down into several divisions. Electronic Christian MediaGospels
The four works called the Gospels are really four records of one Gospel. However the Gospel is not to be thought as only limited to the accounts of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. The Gospel is found through out the Bible and especially the rest of the New Testament. Electronic Christian MediaActs
The purpose of Acts is stated in Acts 1:8. ' But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.' The remainder of the Book of Acts carries out this commission following the geographic description of our Lord. Electronic Christian MediaEpistles
Pauline Epistles, Doctrinal Epistles, Prison Epistles, Pastoral Epistles, General Epistles. Electronic Christian MediaRevelation
Revelation is perhaps the most controversial Book of the whole Bible. It has been studied and examined from the early Church to the present day, with four major interpretations. Electronic Christian MediaNames of God
The Bible has many names for God and they are windows through which His character is seen. The names of God tell us many wonderful things about Him. Electronic Christian MediaTen Commandments
The voice of God announced these words in the hearing of the whole assembly of Israel at the foot of Mt. Sinai. Deuteronomy 5:22 The finger of God inscribed them on both sides of the two stone tablets Exodus 31:18; 32:15 which Moses received on the mountain forty days after the making of the covenant. These were not the creation of Moses but rather the direct revelation of God. Electronic Christian MediaO.T. Hebrew Poetry
A distinctive Old Testament literature is what is called the Poetical books or wisdom literature. The Poetical books are Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs. Electronic Christian MediaPrayers of the Bible
A simple definition of Prayer would be 'A celebration of God's perfection's and Work.' This finds expression in the elements of Prayer. The model for Prayer is given for us in what is commonly called the Lord's Prayer. Electronic Christian MediaPrayers of the Bible
A simple definition of Prayer would be 'A celebration of God's perfection's and Work.' This finds expression in the elements of Prayer. The model for Prayer is given for us in what is commonly called the Lord's Prayer. Electronic Christian MediaKingdom of God
The Hope of Israel was the hope of the coming Kingdom of God. Electronic Christian MediaMiracles
The term miracle is a general term used to describe extraordinary workings of God in the world during certain times of man's history. However there are several terms used in Greek and Hebrew to describe what is commonly called miracle. Electronic Christian MediaMiracles
The term miracle is a general term used to describe extraordinary workings of God in the world during certain times of man's history. However there are several terms used in Greek and Hebrew to describe what is commonly called miracle. Electronic Christian MediaParables
Literally the word Parabole means a placing alongside of. It places a story alongside a spiritual truth in hopes of shedding light on its meaning. Electronic Christian MediaThe Church
Ecclesia is the Greek word that is translated church. To the Greeks it meant any kind of gathering which was convenient. An assembly to hear a message and make a decision about it. The New Testament took this term and baptised it into the faith. It comes from two Greek words. EK=Out of and kaleo=To call. Electronic Christian MediaWestern Wall of the Temple Mount
The Western Wall is one of the few surviving sections of the huge Temple Mount enclosure built by King Herod 2,000 years ago. After the destruction of the second temple by the Romans in 70 C.E., the Western Wall gradually became a Jewish holy place "by proxy," and symbolizes not only he mourning for the destroyed Temple , but also the eternal hope of redemption. The western wall is 20 meters high. The seven lower layers, some 7 meters in height, are constructed of huge stones, cut in the special fashion typical of Herod. Additional layers, from later periods , are found on top of those laid by Herod. Further layers from the second temple period are still buried. Extensive excavations have been carried out on this site since the six-day war. The Western Wall owes its significance to its close proximity to Judaism's holiest place, the Holy of Holies on the Temple Mount. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Temple of Herod
The Temple of Herod was a massive structure located in Jerusalem. It was built at the order of King Herod during the second period of King Herod's reign (25-13 BCE ). During this time, the king initiated a major building and rebuilding program, and this was by far the most famous of all projects. Autumn Veazey [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Temple Mount
For centuries, the crown jewel of the city has been the Temple Mount, which is located atop Mount Moriah across the Kidron Valley from the Mount of Olives. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]Dome of the Rock
The third most important shrine in Islam, built in 683 C.E. by Ommayad Caliph Abd El-Malik Ibn Marwan. Built on Mount Moriah and named after the large rock inside the mosque where, according to tradition, Isaac was prepared for sacrifice, and from where Mohammed rose to heaven. The rock is also considered the foundation stone of the Temple. Below is found "The Cave of the Prophets." [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Dome of the Rock (article)
The third most important shrine in Islam, built in 683 C.E. by Ommayad Caliph Abd El-Malik Ibn Marwan. Built on Mount Moriah and named after the large rock inside the mosque where, according to tradition, Isaac was prepared for sacrifice, and from where Mohammed rose to heaven. The rock is also considered the foundation stone of the Temple. Below is found "The Cave of the Prophets." Mauriah Conway [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Western Wall Tunnel Location Diagram)
Legend:1. New entrance to tunnel;
2. Moslem Quarter;
3. Via Dolorosa;
4. Lions' Gate;
5. Temple Mount;
6. Christian Quarter;
7. Church of the Holy Sepulchre;
8. Path of the tunnel;
9. Jewish Quarter;
10. Western Wall Plaza;
11. Western Wall
The entire western wall of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem has been completely revealed for the first time since 70 C.E. Excavations have uncovered all 490 metres of the wall that once formed the western girder of ancient Jerusalem's great Temple and the entire stonework that formed the basis of the original Temple mount in now exposed. An ancient Hasmonean water tunnel, built about 120 B.C.E. and later blocked by Herod's builders in also visible for the first time and is one of the rare Hasmonean finds uncovered to date in Jerusalem. One of the most unexpected archaeological finds disclosed by the excavation is that Herod did not complete the entire construction of the Temple mount as historians and archaeologists believed to this day. A change in the type of masonry used at the northern end of the western wall is evidence that Herod built all but the last stages of construction of the Temple mount. Instead of the polished stones with characteristic Herodian masonry marks, part of the original stonework is roughly hewn. One of the mysteries uncovered during the excavation is the presence of massive stones that measure some 14 metres in length, 3 metres in height, and are estimated to be 2 metres thick and to weigh over 300 tons. No one can explain how these gigantic rocks were transported to the site. Walking along the tunnel, you can see the rock escarpment of the long lost Antonia fortress at the northern end of the western wall built by the Maccabees. This imposing building complex existed for only a few decades before it was demolished by he Romans followinn the fall of the Temple. The Tunnel is wide enough for one person to pass at a time, leading to a one-way route exiting at the beginning of the Via Dolorosa. We have made special arrangements to visit the tunnel. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]
Temple Mount
The Temple Mount compound, which occupies about a sixth of the territory of the Old City, is sacred to the two monotheistic religions: Judaism and Islam. The mountain is identified with the place where Isaac was sacrificed. It is here that the first and second temples were built. After the destruction of the second temple, the mountain remained desolate until the Moslem conquest in the year 638. The Muslims have constructed various sites on the mountain. Some of the more famous ones are: the gilded Dome of the Rock and El-Aqsa Mosque. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Mount of Olives - Dominus Flevit Church
Christian tradition has it that after Jesus had left Bethphage on his way to Jerusalem, he passed through this place. It is on this site that the city of Jerusalem appeared to him, following a speech bemoaning the destiny of the city. This is echoed in the name of the church, which means in Latin: "The Lord Cried." This tradition traces back to Byzantine times. On constructing the new church in 1954, a large cemetery was uncovered further to the east, which dates from the age of the second Temple. In the courtyard lie sarcophagi, some of which carry inscriptions in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, with names like Zechariyah, Jesus, Mary, and "˜Azariyah. The alter, both in the new church and in the ancient church, faced towards the west, namely the Temple mount, not towards the east as usual. The modern aspe has an arched window through which the old city and temple mount loom up. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Mount of Olives (article)
Through the Lion's Gate in the eastern wall of Old Jerusalem and east, across the Kidron Valley, lies the Mount of Olives. Also called Olivet (Hebrew name, Har Hamishha), the Mount of Olives is not a mountain at all, but a slope blending into other slopes. Despite this, it is the tallest of the mountains and hills around Jerusalem, rising approximately 2,900 feet above sea level. Mary Beach [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Mount of Olives Travel Info
Through the Lion's Gate in the eastern wall of Old Jerusalem and east, across the Kidron Valley, lies the Mount of Olives. Also called Olivet (Hebrew name, Har Hamishha), the Mount of Olives is not a mountain at all, but a slope blending into other slopes. Despite this, it is the tallest of the mountains and hills around Jerusalem, rising approximately 2,900 feet above sea level. Mary Beach [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Church of All Nations at Foot of Mount of Olives
The Church of All Nations ('The Basilica of the Agony") is situated at the foot of the Mount of Olives, the site of a Jewish cemetery in use since ancient times. The church was built in the early 1920s on the remains of a 5th century Byzantine structure and a later Crusader church. Designed by the Italian architect Antonio Barluzzi, the basilica features twelve cupolas, each representing one of the twelve sponsoring nations. The Rock of the agony where, according to Christian tradition, Jesus knelt to pray, is the central feature of the basilica. Much of the original Byzantine mosaic pavement has been preserved and foundations of the Crusader church can be seen in the garden among the ancient olive trees. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Garden of Gethsemane
The Garden of Gethsemane is located across the Kidron valley to the east of Jerusalem and on the western slope of the Mount of Olives. The word Gethsemane means "oil press" or "olive press" which leads scholars to believe that the garden was a grove of olive trees in which was located an oil press. Susan Clayton [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Via Dolorosa
Via Dolorosa, which means the way of suffering, was the way which those condemned to death by the Romans had to proceed along, carrying the cross on their backs, with a sign bearing the prisoner's name and his charges. Jesus' Via Dolorosa started from the place of his trial and ended with his crucifixion in Golgotha and his burial at the Holy Sepulchre. The tradition relating to Jesus' walking along the Via Dolorosa had its origin in Byzantine times and at first the procession would be held from Gethsemane to Golgotha. It was during the period of the crusades, in the 13th century, that the present Via Dolorosa tradition evolved. There are 14 stations along the Via Dolorosa, nine of which are on the road and the remaining five within the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. STATION 1 - JESUS IS CONDEMNED TO DEATH; STATION 2 - JESUS RECEIVES THE CROSS; STATION 3 - JESUS FALLS FOR THE FIRST TIME; STATION 4 - JESUS MEETS HIS GRIEVING MOTHER; STATION 5 - SIMON OF CYRENE CARRIES THE CROSS; STATION 6 - VERONICA WIPES THE FACE OF JESUS; STATION 7 - JESUS FALLS FOR THE SECOND TIME; STATION 8- JESUS SPEAK TO THE WOMEN OF JERUSALEM; STATION 9 - JESUS FALLS FOR THE THIRD TIME; STATION 10 - JESUS IS STRIPPED OF HIS GARMENTS; STATION 11 - JESUS IS NAILED TO THE CROSS; STATION 12 - JESUS DIES ON THE CROSS; STATION 13 - JESUS' BODY IS TAKEN FROM THE CROSS; STATION 14-JESUS IS LAID IN THE HOLY SEPULCHRE. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Via Dolorosa (article)
To Christians, the city of Jerusalem holds particular significance because it was the site of Christ's condemnation, crucifixion. And burial. The Via Dolorosa is the traditional route that Jesus is thought to have taken from Pilate's hall to Golgotha. Latin for "way of sorrows," (Beers 328) the Via Dolorosa is a commemoration of Christ's arduous journey. The path is made up of fourteen different stations of the cross, each of which recounts a particular point along the way. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Church of the Holy Sepulchre
This is the holiest Christian site in Jerusalem. The church was first built in the 4th century by Emperor Constantine's mother Helena over the site of a Roman pagan temple to Venus. The present building is Crusader (12th century) and contains the last five stations of the cross. The church is divided among several denominations, each responsible for its own section. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Church of the Holy Sepulchre (article)
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is located in the northwest quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. It is believed to be built on the site of the tomb where Jesus was buried and resurrected in 33 AD. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Garden Tomb
The Garden Tomb is part of "Skull Hill," a rock-hewn tomb, and a tranquil garden, first identified by General Gordon in the 19th century. Some have supported it as the place of Jesus' crucifixion and burial. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Garden Tomb (article)
In 1883, British general Charles Gordon discovered a beautiful garden tomb. A stone outcropping jutting out nearby resembled what Gordon believed Calvary must look like. The site is located along Nablus Road, just outside the walls of the Old City, northwest of the Damascus Gate. Gordon concluded that this could be the location of the crucifixion and burial of Jesus. However, its authenticity is often doubted [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Mount Zion - General View
The name "Mount Zion" now refers to the part of the western hill south of the Old City beyond Zion Gate. In the Old Testament period, the name was used for the lower eastern hill, now known as the City of David. The present Mount Zion is bordered on the west and south by the Hinnom Valley and on the east by the Tyropean Valley. Although now outside the city walls, Mt. Zion was within the city walls in the late second Temple period (2nd century B.C.E.- 70 C.E.). As the tradtional site of King David's tomb it has long been the focus of Jewish pilgrimage. The area also contains several sites sacred to Christianity: the room of the last supper (the Upper Room), the Church of St. Peter in Gallicantu, and the Dormition Abbey. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Mount Zion - article
Geographically, the mountain known as Zion is an elongated triangular plateau that forms the ridge between the Kidron valley to the east and the Tyropoean valley to the west. Rising slightly above the surounding Judean countryside and flanked to the east by a constant water supply from the Gihon spring, this mount was most likely chosen as a habitation for its natural features as a citadel. Jared Washam [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Traditional Upper Room
According to tradition (going back only to the 10th century), this is the place where Jesus celebrated the Passover feast with his disciples before he was arrested. Also according to tradition he appeared here after his resurrection. The hall was constructed by the Crusaders. The Fransciscans who bought it in 1335 introduced some changes in it. At the beginning of the 15th century, the Jews sought to buy the site because the Tomb of David is located on the lower floor. This attempt entailed a conflict between Jews and Christians. Eventually in 1551, the Muslims took possession of the site and transformed it into a mosque with "prayer niches" which can still be seen today. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Yad Vashem--Valley of Destroyed Communities
The Valley of the Destroyed Communities is the latest addition (1993) to the Yad Vashem complex, Israel's central memorial to the six million Jews killed in the Holocaust of World War II. It consists of a maze of courtyards (each representing a country or geographical region), on whose walls are inscribed the names of cities and towns where Jewish communities flourished before the advent of the Nazi regime in Germany. Viewed from the air, the structure approximates the shape of the map of Europe. The national institution for research and documentation of the Holocaust, Yad Vashem includes a museum, the Hall of the Names, and the Avenue of Righteous Gentiles. It is dedicated to perpetuating the memory of the Jews who perished in the Nazi Holocaust (1939-1945). [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Artist's Conception of City of David
The City of David is located on the Ophel hill, a hill sloping southward from the southeastern side of the Temple Mount. Today the Ophel is an archaeological garden, open to the public for study tours. Extensive excavations in this area, carried out since 1968, cut through about 2,500 years of history and include some 25 layers. Important finds from the First (960 - 587 BCE) and Second Temple periods (515 BCE - 70 CE), Roman times (63 BCE - 324 CE), the Byzantine era (324 - 638) and the early Muslim period (7th C.) show how the city's successive rulers used the remains of their predecessors' structures for their own buildings. Four additional biblical sites are located in this area: the Gihon Spring, Warren's Shaft, Hezekiah's Tunnel, and the Pool of Siloam. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Gihon Spring
In a land as dry as the Land of Israel, the main consideration in determining the location of a city or village, is its proximity to the nearest water source. The only permanent water source of ancient Jerusalem was the Gihon Spring. Its name is derived from the fact that it doesn't flow steadily, but rather in random eruptions with lapses in between them (Giha in Hebrew means eruption). The Gihon Spring is located in a cave on the eastern side of the City of David. To provide access to the water during times of siege, shafts were hewn through the rocky hillside of David's City from inside the city's walls. Warren's Shaft is such a shaft. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Gihon Spring (blog)
An early 19th century explorer, Charles Warren, discovered a tunnel leading to the Gihon Spring. Warren's Shaft seen here can be visited on a tour of the City of David, and the steps of the ancient Jerusalemites can be retraced to the well. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Hezekiah's Tunnel
The most magnificent waterworks of ancient Jerusalem is Hezekiah's Tunnel. The tunnel is hewn inside the hill in order to protect the access to water from enemies. It channels the water from the Gihon fountainhead to the Shiloah pool, which was within the new walls of the city built by Hezekiah. King Hezekiah built the tunnel in preparation for the Assyrian siege: "This same Hezekiah also stopped the upper watercourse of Gihon, and brought it straight down to the west side of the city of David." (Chronicles II, 32;30) The external entrance to the Gihon spring was hidden: "... and many people gathered together, and they stopped up all of the fountains" (Chronicles II, 32; 4). Then the waters of the Gihon were channeled through the tunnel to the Shiloah Pool, also built by Hezekiah (Kings II, 20; 20). The pool was located outside the original fortifications of the City of David (Chronicles II, 32; 30), but within the wall that Hezekiah had built. This is the main reason for thereconstruction of the southern part of the wall. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Sketch of Valleys, Walls, and Gates of Jerusalem
The three valleys that almost surround the Old City are mentioned many times in the Bible. They are the Tyropean, Kidron, and Hinnom Valleys. The Tyropean Valley is located just to the west of the Ophel. It is difficult to see today because it has been filled in during construction and reconstruction in the Old City. The Kidron Valley is located between the Mount of Olives and the Temple Mount. All travelers coming to Jerusalem from the east pass through this valley. The Hinnom Valley is located just south of the Old City. This was the place where the city's garbage dump was located. Jesus made smbolic reference to the unfaithful being cast into "gehenna," thus using the Hinnom Valley as a symbol or example of a wasted or worthless life. The present walls of the Old City were built by the Ottoman ruler Suliman the Magnificent, between 1537-1542 C.E. The walls of the time of Jesus were further to the south than the walls of today. The Old City is divided into four sections: the Christian Quarter to the northwest, the Muslim Quarter to the northeast, the Armenian Quarter to the southwest, and the Jewish Quarter to the southeast. If you are interested in seeing images of all the gates of the Old City, see "Gates of the Old City." [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]Jerusalem Yields natural waterworks
For more than 100 years, archaeologists and historians have puzzled over the haphazard routes, slopes and dimensions of two underground water supply systems discovered beneath the remains of ancient Jerusalem. Although most researchers regard the subterranean waterworks as the products of early, error-prone engineers and construction workers, a new analysis indicates that residents of the holy city skillfully altered a natural network of underground channels and tunnels to ensure a dependable water supply. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Gihon Spring, Hezekiah's Tunnel, and the Pool of Siloam
Excavations found a tower system built over the Gihon spring, from which water could be raised up to those in the city. The next two photos show those ruins. The photos are taken about midway up the tower, the top one looking up, the lower one looking down toward where a water pool once was. It is believed that the tower was orginally built even prior to the time of the Judges, by the Cannanite people living in the land (circa 1800's BC). [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]Gates of the Old City - Golden Gate
Golden Gate The Mercy (Golden) Gate (Bab el Rahmeh) appears in the legends of all three religions. An early Jewish tradition holds that it is through that gate that the Messiah will enter jerusalem. According to Christian tradition, Jesus made made his last entry to Jerusalem through the Mercy Gate. The Muslims refer to it as the Gate of Mercy and believe it to be the gate referred to in the Koran, through which the just will pass on the Day of Judgment (Photo by Duby Tal and Moni Haramati) [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]Gates of the Old City - Golden Gate
Herod's Gate The first name was given to the gate by pilgrims, who erroneously believed that it led to Herod's palace. It is also known in Arabic as the Flower Gate (Photo by Duby Tal and Moni Haramati) [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]Gates of the Old City - Lion's Gate
Lion's Gate Known in Hebrew as the Lion's Gate. Legend has it that the lions engraved on both sides of the gate were placed there by the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, because he had dreamed that he would be devoured by lions unless he built a wall around the Holy City for the defence of the citizens (Photo by Duby Tal and Moni Haramati) [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]Gates of the Old City - Zion Gate
Zion Gate The western gate of the Old City, named after Mount Zion. In Arabic it is known as "the Prophet David's Gate", because one passes through King David's tomb on Mount Zion(Photo by Duby Tal and Moni Haramati) [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]Gates of the Old City - Damascus Gate
Damascus Gate The most massive and ornate of all of Jerusalem's gates. The road running off it leads to Shechem (Nablus) and then to Damascus (Photo by Duby Tal and Moni Haramati) [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]Gates of the Old City - Jaffa Gate
Jaffa Gate this gate is the principal entrance to the Old City. Its name in Arabic is Bab-el-Khalil, the gate of Hebron, as the main road to Hebron started here. It was also called Jaffa Gate because the road to Jaffa and the coast also started from it (Photo by Duby Tal and Moni Haramati) [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]Gates of the Old City - Dung Gate
Dung Gate The Dung Gate is mentioned in the book of Nehemiah as a dispatch point for the city's refuse. It would appear that it was through this gate that the refuse was removed from the city (Photo by Duby Tal and Moni Haramati) [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]Gates of the Old City - the Valley Gate (Sha'ar HaGai )
Sha'ar HaGai Nehemiah mentions that he began his trip to the city from Sha'ar HaGai. The name refers to a site on the way to Jerusalem. The Hebrew name Sha'ar HaGai is a translation of the Arabic Bab el Wad, the Valley Gate, which leads to Jerusalem (Photo by Duby Tal and Moni Haramati) [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem from Furman Univ.]The Valley of Hinnom
The Valley of Hinnom is located outside of Jerusalem to the southwest of the city walls. This valley, along with the Kidron Valley, was in ancient times one of the major defenses guarding the Holy city. Kendra Howard [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Lion's Gate Photo
Known in Hebrew as the Lion's Gate. Legend has it that the lions engraved on both sides of the gate were placed there by the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, because he had dreamed that he would be devoured by lions unless he built a wall around the Holy City for the defense of the citizens. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Jaffa Gate Photo
Jaffa Gate is the principal entrance to the Old City. Its name in Arabic is Bab-el-Khalil, the gate of Hebron, as the main road to Hebron started here. It was also called Jaffa Gate because the road to Jaffa and the coast also started from it [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Dung Gate
The Dung Gate is mentioned in the book of Nehemiah as a dispatch point for the city's refuse. It would appear that it was through this gate that the refuse was removed from the city. Notice the Western Wall just above the Dung Gate and the Temple Mount in the background. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Map of Achaia
Region of Greece on the north coast of the Peloponnesus. Paul spent much time there and expressed his love toward the churches in Achaia.Map of Adriatic Sea
Paul journeyed on this sea on his way to Rome and was shipwrecked on the island of Malta (Acts 27:27)Map of the Amalekites Territory
Throughout Biblical history the Amalekites were enemies of the Israelites. They were the first adversaries that the Israelites encountered after crossing the Red Sea. According to archaeology the Amalekites disappeared from history after the northern kingdom of Judah conquered the Negeb territory in the 10th century B.C.Map of the Ammonites Territory
The Ammonites (sons of Ammon) according to the Bible originated because of an incestuous relationship between Lot (Abraham's nephew) and his younger daughter (Gen 19:38). Archaeology reveals that the Ammonites dwelt east of the Jordan River and settled there at the beginning of the 13th century B.C.Map of Amorite Settlements
The Amorites dwelt in various locations within Israel during the 18th-17th centuries B.C.Map of the Territory of Asher
This territory contained some of the richest soil in all of the country. Asher did not succeed in driving out the Canaanite inhabitants.Bible History Blog
The "Bible History Blog" is an online platform dedicated to exploring and discussing various aspects of biblical history, culture, archaeology, and scholarship. Through a series of informative articles, analysis, and insights, this blog offers readers a window into the world of the Bible, providing a deeper understanding of its historical context and significance.
With a focus on the Old and New Testaments, the Bible History Blog delves into topics ranging from ancient civilizations, archaeological discoveries, and historical figures to theological themes, cultural practices, and literary analysis. The blog's articles are crafted to engage both scholars and enthusiasts, providing accessible explanations and thought-provoking discussions that shed light on the intricacies of the scriptures.
The Bible History Blog serves as a valuable resource for individuals seeking to enrich their understanding of the Bible's historical foundations. Whether delving into the context of specific stories, examining the cultures of the ancient Near East, or exploring the intersections of faith and history, readers can find a diverse range of articles that contribute to a well-rounded comprehension of the biblical narratives.
This blog is particularly beneficial for those who are curious about the historical backgrounds of the Bible, as well as those interested in exploring the ways in which archaeological findings and scholarly research enhance our insights into the ancient world described in the scriptures. Through the Bible History Blog, readers can embark on a journey of discovery, where the past comes alive, and the stories of the Bible are woven into the tapestry of human history.
Sennacherib's Account
The same account as the Bible event was recorded for the library at Nineveh and the clay tablet of the record is now in the British Museum. [Archaeology]Ruins of Babylon
The same account as the Bible event was recorded for the library at Nineveh and the clay tablet of the record is now in the British Museum. [Archaeology]The Dead Sea Scrolls
Probably the most valuable of these documents is the `Isaiah Scroll`. Some 23 feet long and made of leather, it is a remarkable testimony to the textual accuracy of the Bible as we know it today. Modern methods of estimating the age of the scroll and its flax, or linen cover, reveal the fact that it is a transcription of the complete text of the book of Isaiah made in about 100 B.C. AT SOME POINT rather early in the spring of 1947, a Bedouin boy called Muhammad the Wolf was minding some goats near a cliff on the western shore of the Dead Sea. Climbing up after one that had strayed, he noticed a cave that he had not seen before and he idly threw a stone into it. There was an unfamiliar sound of breakage. The boy was frightened and ran away. But he later came back with another boy, and together they explored the cave. [Archaeology]Pool of Bethesda
The Pool of Bethesda is adjacent to St. Anne's Church. It is mentioned in the Gospel of John (5:2ff.) in conjunction with Jesus' healing of a paralyzed man. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]The Pool of Bethesda and the Church of St. Anne (article)
Further in the chapter, we read that Jesus heals the sick man found at the pool. "Bethesda", which means a spring fed pool with five porches, is Hebrew in origin, coming from the word "Chesda", meaning house of mercy. The supposed remains of the pool of Bethesda are on the east side of Jerusalem, contiguous on one side to St. Stephen's gate and on the northern side is the area of the temple mount. It is believed to be 120 paces long and 40 paces wide and about 8 feet deep but contains no water. On its west end are some old dammed up arches which are connected to the five porches mentioned in the verses. There is some discussion among scholars that there are only three or four porches instead of five. During the Roman Period, a temple dedicated to the god Serapis was located on this site. Anne Stanford [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Space Radar of Jerusalem Region
This space radar image shows the area surrounding the Dead Sea along the West Bank between Israel and Jordan. The yellow area at the top of the image is the city of Jericho. A portion of the Dead Sea is shown as the large black area at the top right side of the image. The Jordan River is the white line at the top of the image which flows into the Dead Sea. Jerusalem, which lies in the Judaean Hill Country, is the bright, yellowish area shown along the left center of the image. Just below and to the right of Jerusalem is the town of Bethlehem. The city of Hebron is the white, yellowish area near the bottom of the image. (The image was acquired by the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) on October 3, 1994 onboard the space shuttle Endeavour.) [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Map of Jerusalem Region and Surrounding Area
During the stay in Jerusalem we will make day-trips to sites in the Jerusalem region and we will make several visits to sites on the way from Jerusalem to Tiberius on the Sea of Galilee. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Recent Discoveries at Ashkelon (article)
By David Schloen, Assistant Professor of Syro-Palestinian Archaeology The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations The Oriental Institute The University of ChicagoThe Hazor Excavations
Some past excavation details as well as seasonal reports. a joint project of the Hebrew University, Complutense University of Madrid and the Israel Exploration Society. Currently being excavated are Israelite private and administrative buildings, a Canaanite high place and a large palace. Impressive works of art and four cuneiform tablets - part of Hazor's archives - have been unearthed in the past 6 seasons.The Hazor Excavations (History of Hazor)
Hazor comprises of two distinct sections: The upper city (the acropolis) and the lower city (the fortified enclosure) lying close to the north. Hazor was the largest site of the Biblical period of Israel. It was approximately 10 times the size of Jerusalem in the days of David and Solomon. (Canaanite and Israelite Hazor with some photos).The Hazor Excavations (Picture Gallery)
Hazor comprises of two distinct sections: The upper city (the acropolis) and the lower city (the fortified enclosure) lying close to the north. Hazor was the largest site of the Biblical period of Israel. It was approximately 10 times the size of Jerusalem in the days of David and Solomon. (Canaanite and Israelite Hazor with some photos).Tel Hazor - Find a Dig
For several millennia during the Bronze and Iron Ages, history tells us that Hazor was the city in northern Israel and perhaps one of the greatest cities in all of the Eastern Mediterranean. Hazor and its kings are mentioned in the militaristic boasts and diplomatic correspondences of ancient Near Eastern rulers, while the Book of Joshua famously refers to Hazor as "the head" of all the Canaanite kingdoms. Even after the Israelites had conquered and resettled the city, Hazor still dwarfed the rest of the major cities of the Israelite kingdom of David and Solomon, including Jerusalem. Hazor remained a principle settlement in the northern kingdom of Israel until the Assyrian ruler Tiglath-Pileser III destroyed the city in 732 B.C.Western Wall Photo
The Western Wall is one of the few surviving sections of the huge Temple Mount enclosure built by King Herod 2,000 years ago. After the destruction of the second temple by the Romans in 70 C.E., the Western Wall gradually became a Jewish holy place "by proxy," and symbolizes not only he mourning for the destroyed Temple , but also the eternal hope of redemption. The western wall is 20 meters high. The seven lower layers, some 7 meters in height, are constructed of huge stones, cut in the special fashion typical of Herod. Additional layers, from later periods , are found on top of those laid by Herod. Further layers from the second temple period are still buried. Extensive excavations have been carried out on this site since the six-day war. [Archaeology] [Images of selected sites in Jerusalem]Books of the Bible With a Brief Outline
Old Testament and New Testament Books overview.Biblical and Historical Time Chart
2090 BC - 150 AD Abraham to Tertullian.Detailed Intertestamental Timeline With Notes on Judaism
400 BC - 4 BC Socrates to the death of Herod.A List of the Judges in Israel
Shamgar to Samuel.A List of the Kings of Israel and Judah
19 kings of Israel (all were wicked) and 20 kings of Judah (8 were good).Messianic Prophecies List
List of Some Key Messianic Prophecies in the Old TestamentThe Prophets of Israel and Judah With Notes
From Jonah to MalachiBlood Atonement
This is perhaps the most difficult truth for mankind to accept, that the life of an innocent victim would be slaughtered on behalf of the guilty. To fully understand this we need to go back to the garden of Eden in the Book of Genesis.Yom Kippur - The Great Day of Atonement
One day each year the High Priest would draw aside the Veil and enter the Holy of Holies to make atonement (Heb. Kafar) and cover the nations sins from the judgement of God and receive forgiveness. It took place on the 10th day of the 7th month, Tishri. By our calendar that would be around the end of September or early October.Ephesus - A Panoramic Virtual Tour
Extensive arrangement of text and images focusing on ancient Ephesus. HISTORICAL SITES IN TURKEY [Images] [Archaeology]Archaeology and History Attest to the Bible's Reliability
By Richard M. Fales, Ph.D. [from the Biblical and American Archaeologist]Who was the Pharoah Akhenaten,
The Heretic King (1372-1354 BC) By Richard M. Fales, Ph.D. [from the Biblical and American Archaeologist]Ark of the Covenant - Pharaoh Pillages the Temple
"Who is the Pharoah that Pillaged the Temple of Jerusalem and did he really steal the Ark of the Covenant?" By Richard M. Fales, Ph.D. [from the Biblical and American Archaeologist]The Dig At Bet Shean
In this area lies the 80 metre (263 feet ) high tel of Beth-shean, one of the oldest cities in Bible Lands. The remains of twenty layers of settlement have been found going back more than three thousand years B.C. [Archaeology]Egypt At The Time Of Moses
Bricks for building were made from clay and strengthened with straw; this was a manufacturing method employed in Egypt over 1,000 years before Christ. [Archaeology]Josephus' description of Sebastos
The historian Flavius Josephus, who was born around 7 or 8 CE, published a history of the Jewish War between 75 and 79 CE and a history of the Jewish people in 93-94 CE. Both these works contain a detailed description of the city of Caesarea and its harbour, Sebastos. Despite certain inevitable inaccuracies, the data contained in these descriptions has been of great value in assisting the reconstruction of the layout and appearance of the harbour in the Flavian period. [Articles of Interest] [Caesarea] [Archaeology]Harbor Chronology. (Caesarea)
A brief historical chronology of the harbor from primary documents by Dr. Avner Raban, Center for Maritime Studies University of Haifa, Israel [Articles of Interest] [Caesarea] [Archaeology]The House Of David
At Tel Dan in upper Galilee in Northern Israel a fragment of an inscription on basalt stone has been uncovered. It was part of the paving near the entrance of the outer gate of the ancient city of Dan. In 1992, in order to tidy up the site for presentation to visitors, a heap of debris was removed which dated from the time of the Assyrian destruction of the city by Tiglath-pileser lll - no doubt a legacy of his campaign against northern Israel. [2 Kings 15v29] Unexpectedly, a hitherto unknown gateway to the city was uncovered. The entrance led to a courtyard where stood a low stone platform large enough to take a throne. This possibly marked the place where the king would sit on ceremonial occasions. [Archaeology]Ophir
`Gold from Ophir for Beth-horon 30 Shekels` is the translation of an inscription on a potsherd that was found at Tell Qasileh (near Tel Aviv). The exact location of Ophir remains a mystery, although there have been many ideas put forward by Bible students. [Archaeology]Moab
The Moabite stone was discovered in 1868. It was found in the land of Moab and was carved with an inscription. [Archaeology]Tel Mardikh
On this site of a 4,000 year old fortification, perhaps the most remarkable `find` of the century has been uncovered - 18,000 fired clay and rock tablets relating to the economy, administration and international dealings of this once great empire of Ebla. [Archaeology]Black Obelisk From Assyria
The Black Obelisk was discovered by Henry Layard in 1845 and describes the campaigns of Shalmanezer 111 of Assyria who reigned at about 850 B.C. [Archaeology]Hezekiah`s Aqueduct
A tunnel was constructed from the spring at Gihon - what is now called the Virgin`s Fountain - under the city walls and through the rock to the southern end of the city of Jerusalem, to the pool of Siloam. This would be a difficult feat in these days of sophisticated surveying and measuring equipment. It was even more remarkable for the times of Hezekiah, because the impending invasion meant there was very little time and gangs of workmen had to start from either end. When the tunnel was complete, the spring outside the city was blocked up and the water flowed into the city. [Archaeology]The Virtual Catalog of Roman Coins
The VCRC is an innovative project based on the collaboration of private coin collectors and dealers and a college professor who wants to create a useful resource for his students, other teachers and their students, and the general public. The images and initial descriptions are provided by collectors and professional numismatists, allowing us to present a more extensive database of coins that would otherwise be possible. [Biblical and Other Coins]Archaeology and the Bible
Can the Bible be trusted? If we are to study its pages and read what it has to say to us in our daily situation and current events, we must be convinced that it is a book with power to change lives, to lift people up, and to give hope. We must believe in its authenticity and in its inspiration and understand its history and meaning, before it can have any impact on our minds and lives.Maps of the Roman World
in the First Century C.E. [Century One Foundation Bookstore]An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors "Welcome to De Imperatoribus Romanis, a web site which simply allows its users to retrieve short biographical essays of all the Roman emperors from the accession of the Emperor Augustus to the death of the Emperor Constantine XI Palaeologus. Each essay on this site,which is peer reviewed, is written by a scholar and is accompanied by a bibliography,illustrations, and footnotes". [Rome] [Political Resources]Tektonitron Encyclopedia Apologetica
Apologetics site with answers and evidences on a number of difficult subjects.Tektonitron Encyclopedia Apologetica
Apologetics site with answers and evidences on a number of difficult subjects. Tekton Apologetics Ministries is committed to providing scholarly answers to serious questions which are often posed on major and minor elements of the Christian faith. We believe in the importance of sound Christian doctrine which is based on a careful exegetical analysis of scriptures from the Holy Bible. We also believe that it is important to incorporate the findings of various theological and scientific disciplines in order to properly assess the veracity of scriptural evidences, and to carefully evaluate issues which are relevant to the Church as a whole.Blood Atonement
This is perhaps the most difficult truth for mankind to accept, that the life of an innocent victim would be slaughtered on behalf of the guilty. To fully understand this we need to go back to the garden of Eden in the Book of Genesis. By Rusty Russell, Bible History onlinePontius Pilate
The fifth Roman procurator of Judea (ruled 26-36 AD), who issued the official order sentencing Jesus to death by crucifixion. Bible History Online.Pontius Pilate
The fifth Roman procurator of Judea (ruled 26-36 AD), who issued the official order sentencing Jesus to death by crucifixion. Bible History Online.Kinship in Bible Times
From Dr. K. C. Hanson, "The social domain of kinship covers a broad range of institutions: genealogy and descent, marriage and divorce, and dowry-systems and inheritance. Because kinship in the ancient Mediterranean impacted virtually every part of life and every other social domain, it is fundamental for readers of the Bible to have a solid grasp of how kinship functioned in these cultures. While one might assume that "family" is a straightforward concept determined by biology, it is, in fact, a social construction."Census Edict for Roman Egypt
This document shows a census ordered by Gaius Vibius Maximus, the Rmoan Prefectus of Egypt. GREEK TEXT (from Hunt & Edgar 1934:108), TRANSLATION by K. C. Hanson (Adapted from Hunt & Edgar). Language: Greek; Medium: papyrus; Length: 21 lines of writing; Genre: Official Edict; Date: 104 CE; Place of Discovery: Egypt Date of Discovery: ? Current Location: British Museum, London.Marriage Contract From Egypt
This Greek document shows a Marriage Contract From Egypt written in 13 BC. It mentions Caesar Augustus and a Roman Drachma. (Thermion & Apollonius)Divorce Agreement from Egypt
This Greek document shows a Marriage Contract From Egypt written in 13 BC. It mentions Caesar Augustus and a Roman Drachma.Widow's Petition Ostracon
This pottery was discovered with 8 lines of Hebrew text. Legal Petition written around the 9th""7th centuries BC.Chronology of Roman Rulers
Chronology of Roman Rulers (200 BCE""565 CE). By Dr. K.C. HansonChronology of Roman Rulers
Chronology of Roman Rulers (200 BCE""565 CE). By Dr. K.C. HansonMarcus Aurelius Statue
Roman Emperor (161-180 CE) Roman marble Pergamon Museum, Berlin Reconstructed at and on loan to J. Paul Getty Museum Los Angeles, California photo ©K. C. Hanson 2002. This exhibition features the conservation of a statue of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, who ruled the Roman Empire from A.D. 161 to 180. The statue belongs to the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, and the conservation was a collaboration between the Pergamon and the Getty Museum. [photos and text] (The J. Paul Getty Trust)The Pilate Inscription
The Pilate Inscription [text & interpretation] Language: Latin; Medium: limestone; Size: 82 centimeters high 65 centimeters wide; Length: 4 lines of writing; Genre: Building Dedication Dedicator: Pontius Pilate (praefect of Judea) Approximate Date: 26-37 CE; Place of Discovery: Caesarea, Israel; Date of Discovery: 1961; Current Location: Israel Museum(Jerusalem)Josephus' References to Crucifixion
"Josephus (b. 37 C.E.) is our best literary source for the practice of crucifixion in Israel during the Greco-Roman period. As a general in command of the Jewish forces of Galilee in the Great Revolt against Rome (66-73 C.E.), he reports his attempts to save the lives of three crucified captives by appealing directly to the Roman general Titus. One survived the cross under a physician's care, the other two could not be saved." by Dr. James D. TaborJosephus' References to Crucifixion
"Josephus (b. 37 C.E.) is our best literary source for the practice of crucifixion in Israel during the Greco-Roman period. As a general in command of the Jewish forces of Galilee in the Great Revolt against Rome (66-73 C.E.), he reports his attempts to save the lives of three crucified captives by appealing directly to the Roman general Titus. One survived the cross under a physician's care, the other two could not be saved." by Dr. James D. TaborJosephus' References to Crucifixion
Crucifixion in Antiquity - The Jewish Roman World of Jesus by Joe Zias. "Undoubtedly, one of the cruelest and most humiliating forms of punishment in the ancient world was, according to ancient sources, crucifixion. The Jewish historian Josephus best described it following the siege of Jerusalem by the Romans in AD 66-70 as "the most wretched of deaths."1 Whereas in Seneca's Epistle 101 to Lucilius, he argues that suicide is preferable to the cruel fate of being put on the cross." Zias cites references from Josephus, Plutarch, Rufus, and others. Joe Zias was the Curator of Archaeology/Anthropology for the Israel Antiquities Authority from 1972 to 1997.Josephus on early 1st Century Roman Palestine
Selected texts from Josephus on early 1st Century Roman Israel by Dr. James D. Tabor. ARCHELAUS'S ETHNARCHY IS REDUCED INTO A [ROMAN] PROVINCE. THE SEDITION OF JUDAS OF GALILEE. THE THREE SECTS. THE DEATH OF SALOME. THE CITIES WHICH HEROD AND PHILIP BUILT. PILATE OCCASIONS DISTURBANCES. TIBERIUS PUTS AGRIPPA INTO BONDS BUT CAIUS FREES HIM FROM THEM, AND MAKES HIM KING. HEROD ANTIPAS IS BANISHED. CAIUS COMMANDS THAT HIS STATUE SHOULD BE SET UP IN THE TEMPLE ITSELF; AND WHAT PETRONIUS DID THEREUPON.Josephus on early 1st Century Roman Palestine
Selected texts from Josephus on early 1st Century Roman Israel by Dr. James D. Tabor. ARCHELAUS'S ETHNARCHY IS REDUCED INTO A [ROMAN] PROVINCE. THE SEDITION OF JUDAS OF GALILEE. THE THREE SECTS. THE DEATH OF SALOME. THE CITIES WHICH HEROD AND PHILIP BUILT. PILATE OCCASIONS DISTURBANCES. TIBERIUS PUTS AGRIPPA INTO BONDS BUT CAIUS FREES HIM FROM THEM, AND MAKES HIM KING. HEROD ANTIPAS IS BANISHED. CAIUS COMMANDS THAT HIS STATUE SHOULD BE SET UP IN THE TEMPLE ITSELF; AND WHAT PETRONIUS DID THEREUPON.Josephus on John the Baptizer
Selected texts from Josephus on early 1st Century Roman Israel by Dr. James D. Tabor. Antiquities of the Jews XVIII Chapter 5. HEROD THE TETRARCH MAKES WAR WITH ARETAS, THE KING OF ARABIA, AND IS BEATEN BY HIM AS ALSO CONCERNING THE DEATH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST. HOW VITELLIUS WENT UP TO JERUSALEM; TOGETHER WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF AGRIPPA AND OF THE POSTERITY OF HEROD THE GREAT.Josephus on John the Baptizer
Selected texts from Josephus on early 1st Century Roman Israel by Dr. James D. Tabor. HEROD THE TETRARCH MAKES WAR WITH ARETAS, THE KING OF ARABIA, AND IS BEATEN BY HIM AS ALSO CONCERNING THE DEATH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST. HOW VITELLIUS WENT UP TO JERUSALEM; TOGETHER WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF AGRIPPA AND OF THE POSTERITY OF HEROD THE GREAT.Josephus on the Death of James
Selected texts from Josephus on the Death of James, brother of Jesus, in 62 C.E. by Dr. James D. Tabor. Josephus, Antiquities Book 20: chapter 9 CONCERNING ALBINUS UNDER WHOSE PROCURATORSHIP JAMES WAS SLAIN; AS ALSO WHAT EDIFICES WERE BUILT BY AGRIPPA.Josephus on the Death of James
Selected texts from Josephus on the Death of James, brother of Jesus, in 62 C.E. by Dr. James D. Tabor. Josephus, Antiquities Book 20: chapter 9 CONCERNING ALBINUS UNDER WHOSE PROCURATORSHIP JAMES WAS SLAIN; AS ALSO WHAT EDIFICES WERE BUILT BY AGRIPPA.Standard Chronology
Standard Chronology according to Judaism by Dr. James D. Tabor. Timeline of events, Ancient Empires, Roman Emperors, and Herodian RulersView of the Roman Siege Camp at the foot of Masada.
[images] [Israel]A Scene from the Gilgamesh Epic
From K. C. Hanson's Photo Gallery of Mesopotamia. A scene from the Gilgamesh Epic Tablet 11: The Flood Narrative ? century BC. Gilgamesh (cylinder seal impression).Broken Ossuaries at the Mount of Olives
[images] [Israel]Assyrian Officers
From K. C. Hanson's Photo Gallery of Mesopotamia. Assyrian Officers; 8th century BC; bas relief; Pergamon Museum, Berlin.The Valley of Hinnom- Gehenna!
Getting Oriented In The Hinnom Valley (Jerusalem) Locating The Solomonic Temple "And go forth unto the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is by the entry of the east gate, and proclaim there the words that I shall tell thee," Jeremiah 19:2 KJV [images] [Israel]Beth Shean Roman period ruins.
[images] [Israel]Beth Shean Roman period ruins 2
The public toilets at Beth Shean [images] [Israel]Assyrian Spearmen
From K. C. Hanson's Photo Gallery of Mesopotamia. Assyrian Soldiers #1: Spearmen; bas relief; 8th century BC; Pergamon Museum, BerlinShamshi-Adad V
From K. C. Hanson's Photo Gallery of Mesopotamia. Shamshi-Adad V; Assyrian Emperor; (reigned 823""811 BC); limestone stele; Pergamon Museum, BerlinEsarhaddon
From K. C. Hanson's Photo Gallery of Mesopotamia. Esarhaddon; Assyrian Emperor; (ruled 681""669 BC); stele; Pergamon Museum, BerlinEsarhaddon and Vassals
From K. C. Hanson's Photo Gallery of Mesopotamia. Esarhaddon; Assyrian Emperor; (ruled 681""669 BC); with Tirhaka (Ethiopian King of Egypt); and Ba'alu (King of Tyre); dolerite stele; 3.22 meters high; Pergamon Museum, BerlinAssyrian Warrior King
Assyrian Cavalry (bas relief)7th century BCDr. K. C. Hanson's Photo Galleries
Map of the Ancient Near East from Dr. K. C. Hanson's home page.Simple Topographical Map of Israel
[Maps] [Israel]Maps of the Tel Rhov Dig
[Maps] [Israel] [Archaeology]Maps of the Tel Rhov Dig
The 1997-1998 Excavations at Tel Rehov: Preliminary Report [Israel Exploration Journal 49 (1999), 1-42]Amihai Mazar, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Archaeology, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel With the participation of Dan Browning, John Camp, M. Caplan, SeJin Koh, Robert Mullins, Nava Panitz-Cohen, Yoav Shor, Amir Sumakai-Fink, Dalit Weinblatt and Adi Ziv-Esudri [Maps] [Israel] [Archaeology]Map of Near Eastern Sites
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. Oriental Institute expeditions have worked in virtually every region of the Near East, excavating the remains of these ancient cultures and studying and recording their monuments. The scattering of red dots (each representing a site where the Institute has worked) on the map attests to the broad range of that involvement.Map of Near Eastern Sites
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. Oriental Institute expeditions have worked in virtually every region of the Near East, excavating the remains of these ancient cultures and studying and recording their monuments. The scattering of red dots (each representing a site where the Institute has worked) on the map attests to the broad range of that involvement.Map of Sites in Southern Syria and Palestine
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. ORIENTAL INSTITUTE MAP SERIES - LEVANT SITE MAP. This Map enlarges to 300 dpi for a great picture.Map of Sites in Southern Syria and Palestine
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. ORIENTAL INSTITUTE MAP SERIES - LEVANT SITE MAP. This Map enlarges to 300 dpi for a great picture.Ancient Near East Site Maps
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. This first installment of the Oriental Institute Map Series presents seven Site Maps covering the ancient Near East (Egypt, Sudan, The Levant, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran), locating primary archaeological sites, modern cities, and river courses set against a plain background.Ancient Egypt - Nubia History
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. This first installment of the Oriental Institute Map Series presents seven Site Maps covering the ancient Near East (Egypt, Sudan, The Levant, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran), locating primary archaeological sites, modern cities, and river courses set against a plain background. They enlarge to 300 dpi.Ancient Egypt - Nubia History
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. This first installment of the Oriental Institute Map Series presents seven Site Maps covering the ancient Near East (Egypt, Sudan, The Levant, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran), locating primary archaeological sites, modern cities, and river courses set against a plain background. They enlarge to 300 dpi.Ancient Iran Site Map
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. This first installment of the Oriental Institute Map Series presents seven Site Maps covering the ancient Near East (Egypt, Sudan, The Levant, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran), locating primary archaeological sites, modern cities, and river courses set against a plain background. They enlarge to 300 dpi.Ancient Iran Site Map
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. This first installment of the Oriental Institute Map Series presents seven Site Maps covering the ancient Near East (Egypt, Sudan, The Levant, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran), locating primary archaeological sites, modern cities, and river courses set against a plain background. They enlarge to 300 dpi.Ancient Iraq Site Map
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. This first installment of the Oriental Institute Map Series presents seven Site Maps covering the ancient Near East (Egypt, Sudan, The Levant, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran), locating primary archaeological sites, modern cities, and river courses set against a plain background. They enlarge to 300 dpi.Ancient Sudan & Nubia Site Map
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. This first installment of the Oriental Institute Map Series presents seven Site Maps covering the ancient Near East (Egypt, Sudan, The Levant, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran), locating primary archaeological sites, modern cities, and river courses set against a plain background. They enlarge to 300 dpi.Ancient Syria Site Map
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. This first installment of the Oriental Institute Map Series presents seven Site Maps covering the ancient Near East (Egypt, Sudan, The Levant, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran), locating primary archaeological sites, modern cities, and river courses set against a plain background. They enlarge to 300 dpi.Ancient Turkey Site Map
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. This first installment of the Oriental Institute Map Series presents seven Site Maps covering the ancient Near East (Egypt, Sudan, The Levant, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran), locating primary archaeological sites, modern cities, and river courses set against a plain background. They enlarge to 300 dpi.Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
The directory contains a TABLE OF CONTENTS (Website Query/Search), ABZU (Index to Ancient Near Eastern Resources on the Internet), THE MUSEUM, MUSEUM EDUCATION, & STORE (SUQ), ELECTRONIC, RESOURCES, RESEARCH & PROJECTS, DEPARTMENTS, and PUBLICATIONS.Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
The directory contains a TABLE OF CONTENTS (Website Query/Search), ABZU (Index to Ancient Near Eastern Resources on the Internet), THE MUSEUM, MUSEUM EDUCATION, & STORE (SUQ), ELECTRONIC, RESOURCES, RESEARCH & PROJECTS, DEPARTMENTS, and PUBLICATIONS.Map of Trade Routes and Empires
Map of Trade Routes and great empires of the 1st Century AD.Topographical Maps of Sites in Palestine
Topographical Maps of Israel. Inscriptions of the Land of Israel: Browse by Maps. This map goes into great detail with AUTOCAD renderings of the site, with links to inscriptions and pictures.Topographical Maps of Sites in Palestine
Topographical Maps of Israel. Inscriptions of the Land of Israel: Browse by Maps. This map goes into great detail with AUTOCAD renderings of the site, with links to inscriptions and pictures.Map of Ancient Jerusalem
Ancient Jerusalem: From the University of Texas Map Collection (not copyrighted) note: Solomon's time.Holyland Model of Ancient Jerusalem
The scale of the Holyland Model is 1:50 (2 cm. = 1m., 1/4 in. = 1 ft.). The model was produced using the same materials that were used in the times of the original construction, such as marble, stone, wood, copper and iron. The model was completed in 1969. The sources used in planning the model were the Mishna, the Tosephtha, the Talmud, the writings of Jesephus and the New Testament. The construction of the model is due to the initiative and resources of Mr. Hans Kroch. The archaeological and topographical data were supplied by Prof. M. Avi-Yonah, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, one of the foremost authorities on the subject. Since construction, the site is continuously updated according to the latest archaeological findings.Harmony of the Gospels
This chart organizes events from the life of Christ. The events are in approximate chronological order. When an event appears in more than one gospel, the parallel accounts are grouped together.Kinship in Bible Times
From Dr. K. C. Hanson, "The social domain of kinship covers a broad range of institutions: genealogy and descent, marriage and divorce, and dowry-systems and inheritance. Because kinship in the ancient Mediterranean impacted virtually every part of life and every other social domain, it is fundamental for readers of the Bible to have a solid grasp of how kinship functioned in these cultures. While one might assume that "family" is a straightforward concept determined by biology, it is, in fact, a social construction."Ba'al Worship in the Old Testament
Ba'al Worship in the Old Testament Brief survey of the mythical background of Canaanite Ba'al worship and its impact on Israelite religion. From Christian Resource Institute.Travelers and Strangers
"Hospitality" in the Middle East. Short article dealing with the implications of Near Eastern social customs relating to travelers and resident aliens. From Christian Resource Institute.Speaking the Language of Canaan
A paper dealing with the Israelite appropriation of metaphors, symbols, and conceptual categories from the "pool" of ancient Middle Eastern culture, noting both the similarities and differences, and the implications both for understanding the OT, as well as for addressing the modern conflict of science and religion. From Christian Resource Institute.Comparison of World Views
Comparison of World Views: Perception of the Physical World A graphic to go with the article "Speaking the Language of Canaan," under the sub-category of Manners & Customs, comparing various ways of understanding and talking about the physical world. From Christian Resource Institute.Israel's Codes of Conduct
Israel's Codes of Conduct Compared to Surrounding Nations A comparison of Israel's social laws as based on the Ten Words (Ten Commandments) with those of surrounding nations; while they shared many aspects, Israel's laws differed in three important ways.The Symbolism of Vine in Scripture
Short article examining OT uses of the metaphor of vine and vineyard as background for John's account of Jesus as the true vine. From Christian Resource Institute.Map of Iron Age Sites
[Archaeology] [Israel]Tax Collectors and Sinners
Short article identifying these two groups in the social background of 1st century AD Judaism. From Christian Resource Institute.John The Baptist
John The Baptist: The Man And His Influence. Short article on John the Baptist and his setting in 1st century Judaism. From Christian Resource Institute.Inheritance Practices
Inheritance Practices in the First Century Era. Short article providing background for Luke's story of the Prodigal son. From Christian Resource Institute.Inheritance Practices
Inheritance Practices in the First Century Era. Short article providing background for Luke's story of the Prodigal son. From Christian Resource Institute.Glossary of terms related to Judaism
Glossary of Judaism - Jewish Glossary, Jewish Terms - ReligionFactsRoman Political Rulers of Palestine
First Century Roman Political Rulers of Israel. A table of Roman Emperors, Procurators, and Kings who governed Israel in the New Testament era. From Christian Resource Institute.Roman Political Rulers of Palestine
First Century Roman Political Rulers of Israel. A table of Roman Emperors, Procurators, and Kings who governed Israel in the New Testament era. From Christian Resource Institute.The Resurrection Influence on the Early Church
The Resurrection: Influence on the Church in the First Decades. Short article examining the idea of the resurrection of Jesus in the context of first century thought, and its Christian expression mainly from 1 Corinthians 15. From Christian Resource Institute.The Needy in Jewish Tradition
Brief look at the development from biblical persepctives of ways of dealing with the poor and needy in Judaism. From Christian Resource Institute.A Threshing Floor near Bethlehem
In this photo, the harvested grain stalks are stacked by the threshing floor awaiting threshing. While this threshing floor has been constructed at the edge of an open field, threshing floors in the ancient world were often carved directly into the rock. Biblical tradition recalls that the site for the temple in Jerusalem was originally a threshing floor that David purchased from Araunah the Jebusite (2 Sam 24:18-23; or Ornan in 2 Chron 21:20-23). There are references in this account to the threshing sledges, the oxen, and even the already threshed wheat. From Christian Resource Institute.Olive Tree on the Mount of Olives
Olive Tree on the Mount of Olives, Jerusalem. Jesus is seen many times in the gospel accounts at the Mount of Olives. He prayed in the garden of Gethsemene which means "olive press." From Christian Resource Institute.The Laws Of The Basic Principles Of The Torah
THE TEXT USED FOR THIS TRANSLATION WAS THE RAMBAM LE'AM, PUBLISHED BY MOSSAD HA'RAV KOOK, JERUSALEM.A Watchtower in a Field
A Watchtower in a Field. Watchtowers were often used in Bible times as a "lookout" place, usually built in a field or vineyard. From Christian Resource Institute.A Potter at His Wheel in Hebron
A potter was a common occupation in the Biblical world (Jer 18:3-4). While the very rich could afford vessels of silver, gold, or carved stone, or even of glass by Roman times, most people used common fired clay vessels for everyday use and storage (2 Tim 2:20). These might range from simple plates or cups to very large pots for storing grain or wine (in the Roman era called amphora). They also became frequently used metaphors in Scripture. God is the Potter, we are the clay. From Christian Resource Institute.Herod's Temple in Jerusalem
Reconstructed Scale Model from the Holyland Hotel in Jerusalem.Jerash, Main Roman Street
From Christian Resource Institute. The greatest systematic road builders of the ancient world were the Romans, who were very aware of the military, economic, and administrative advantages of a good road system. The Romans began their road-making task in 334 BC and by the peak of the empire had built nearly 53,000 miles of road connecting their capital with the frontiers of their enormous empire.Steps to the Mikveh, Qumran
Steps leading down to the Mikveh, or ritual emersion baths, at the settlement of Qumran at the northwestern edge of the Dead Sea in the Jordan Valley.Mount Tabor
Photo from Christian Resource Institute. Mount Tabor, Hebrew HAR TAVOR, Arabic JABAL AT-TUR, historic elevation of northern Israel, in Lower Galilee near the edge of the Plain of Esdraelon ('Emeq Yizre'el). Though comparatively low (1,929 feet [588 m]), it dominates the level landscape around it, leading to the biblical expression 'like Tabor among the mountains' (Jeremiah 46:18). Mount Tabor is the traditional site of the Transfiguration of Jesus.The View from Mount Nebo
Photo from Christian Resource Institute. "This is the Jordan Valley as seen from the top of Mount Nebo in the Transjordan region (the modern Kingom of Jordan). The Jordan river is the faint diagonal line in the center of the photo, and the land beyond is Israel, the modern nation of Israel. This view is toward the northwest in the direction of Shechem (Samaria)." This was the mountain where Moses viewed the promised land.The Valley of Jezreel and Plain of Esdralon
Map provided from Christian Resource Institute. "There was so much bloodshed in these plains that both Jezreel and Megiddo became synonymns for violence and bloodshed, and could even become symbols for the judgement of God (Hos 1:4-5). The Mountain of Megiddo, in Hebrew har megiddo anglicized into Armageddon, became the ultimate symbol for warfare and conflict." The name Jezreel, which means "God sows."Cities in the Time of Joshua
Map provided by Christian Resource Institute.Frequently Asked Questions About Scripture
Apologetics: Defending the Faith Blessed Virgin Mary Canon Law Catholic Doctrine and Catechetics Eastern Catholic Churches History and the Catholic Tradition Liturgy and Sacred Music Moral Theology Natural Family Planning Philosophy Pro-Life Issues Scripture, Divine Revelation Spiritual Theology & QuestionsFrequently Asked Questions About Scripture
Over the years International Bible Society has received many questions about the Bible. Listed below are numerous answers to these questions. We hope you find these interesting and helpful.The Abbreviations BCE and BC
From Christian Resource Institute FAQ. "The designations BCE and CE are simply a different way to write the traditional BC and AD. The basis of our modern calendar was developed by Christian monks in the Middle Ages who decided to begin numbering years with the birth of Christ, and designate that year "0" (most historians agree that they miscalculated the year and the actual date of the birth of Christ was between 6 BC and 4 BC by the present calendar). Years following year 0 were designated AD, for the Latin anno Domini, "in the year of the Lord. Years counting backward before year 0 came to be designated BC, before Christ."The Abbreviations BCE and BC
From Christian Resource Institute FAQ. "The designations BCE and CE are simply a different way to write the traditional BC and AD. The basis of our modern calendar was developed by Christian monks in the Middle Ages who decided to begin numbering years with the birth of Christ, and designate that year "0" (most historians agree that they miscalculated the year and the actual date of the birth of Christ was between 6 BC and 4 BC by the present calendar). Years following year 0 were designated AD, for the Latin anno Domini, "in the year of the Lord. Years counting backward before year 0 came to be designated BC, before Christ."The Abbreviations BCE and BC
From Christian Resource Institute FAQ. "The designations BCE and CE are simply a different way to write the traditional BC and AD. The basis of our modern calendar was developed by Christian monks in the Middle Ages who decided to begin numbering years with the birth of Christ, and designate that year "0" (most historians agree that they miscalculated the year and the actual date of the birth of Christ was between 6 BC and 4 BC by the present calendar). Years following year 0 were designated AD, for the Latin anno Domini, "in the year of the Lord. Years counting backward before year 0 came to be designated BC, before Christ."Sheol, Hell, and the Dead
From Christian Resource Institute FAQ. A short answer to the question about death, hell, and the grave according to Scripture.Sheol, Hell, and the Dead
From Christian Resource Institute FAQ. A short answer to the question about death, hell, and the grave according to Scripture.God as a "Jealous" God
From Christian Resource Institute FAQ. A short answer to the question about God as a "jealous" God.Did God Order the Massacre of Canaanites?
From Christian Resource Institute FAQ. A short answer to the question, "Did God Order the Massacre of Canaanites?"Old Testament Sacrifice: Magic or Sacrament?
Short essay from Christian Resource Institute. Deals with the subject of sacrifice and rituals on the ancient "yom kippur" the day of atonement.Old Testament Sacrifice: Magic or Sacrament?
Short essay from Christian Resource Institute. Deals with the subject of sacrifice and rituals on the ancient "yom kippur" the day of atonement.Torah and the Old Testament Law
Short essay from Christian Resource Institute. Torah As Holiness: Old Testament "Law" as Response to Divine Grace.Social Ethics in the Prophets
Short theological essay from Christian Resource Institute. Deals with the prophets and the practical application of social ethics in the community.Social Ethics in the Prophets
Short theological essay from Christian Resource Institute. Deals with the prophets and the practical application of social ethics in the community.Bible Knowledge Accelerator #2- Brief Survey of the O.T.
From Bible History Online This is a very simple overview of the history of the Old Testament from the creation of the world to the destruction and rebuilding of Jerusalem. It follows the major people and events of the Old Testament in chronological order.The Books of the Bible
From The Four Eleven Foundation: A very simple survey of several of the Books of the Bible - by David Griffiths.The Complete King James Version
The Complete King James Version: Old and New Testaments and ApocryphaThe Complete King James Version
Old and New Testaments and Apocrypha.The Complete Revised Standard Version
Old and New Testaments and Apocrypha.Die Bibel, Martin Luther Translation
Full texts of the Old and New Testaments.Ba'al Ugaritic god of Storms & War
Ba'al Ugaritic god of Storms & War From K. C. Hanson's Gallery of Photos of Syria & Israel. Ba'al Ugaritic God of Storms & War (14th century BC) Louvre Museum, ParisBa'al Ugaritic god of Storms & War
Ba'al Ugaritic god of Storms & War From K. C. Hanson's Gallery of Photos of Syria & Israel. Ba'al Ugaritic God of Storms & War (14th century BC) Louvre Museum, ParisUgaritic Clay Tablet
From K. C. Hanson's Gallery of Photos of Syria & Israel. Ugaritic clay tablet From Sapanu. Banco de Datos Filolsgicos Semmticos Noroccidentales (CSIC-Instituto de Filologma, Madrid) note: The Semitic language of ancient Ugarit closely related to Phoenician and HebrewUgaritic god Ba'al
From K. C. Hanson's Gallery of Photos of Syria & Israel. Ba'al Ugaritic god of Storms & War; 14th century BC. Bronze & gold statue. Note: The adjective "Ugaritic" is characteristic of the ancient city of Ugarit.Aramean Queen (?) with servant
From K. C. Hanson's Gallery of Photos of Syria & Israel. Aramean Queen(?)and servant; funerary stele; 8th century BC (Berlin VA 2995) Pergamon Museum, Berlin. Note: Aramaean is in Latin Aramaeus, from Greek Aramaios, from Hebrew `ArAm Aramaic, ancient name for Syria, a Semitic people of the second millennium B.C. in Syria and Upper Mesopotamia.Canaanite Lions
From K. C. Hanson's Gallery of Photos of Syria & Israel. Canaanite Lions; basalt stele; 14th century BC. Discovery: 1928 in Beth-Shean/Sythopolis (Tel el-Husn). Current Location: Israel Museum (Jerusalem) Hanson has a couple good verses from the Bible on the page. One reads: "Then Samson went down with his father and mother to Timnah, and he came to the vineyards of Timnah. And behold, a young lion roared against him; and the spirit of Yahweh came upon him powerfully, and he tore the lion apart as one tears a goat-kid. And he had nothing in his hand." (Judges 14:5-6)The Habakkuk Commentary from Qumran
From K. C. Hanson's Gallery of Photos of Syria & Israel. 1QpHab: The Habakkuk Pesher (The Commentary on Habakkuk from Qumran, Cave 1).The main street in Ancient Corinth
[images] [Archaeology]The main street in Ancient Corinth
Photo [images] [Archaeology]Model of Herod's Temple
From K. C. Hanson's Gallery of Photos of Syria & Israel. Model of Herod's Temple; Holyland Hotel, Jerusalem. Note: The model shows Jerusalem as it must have looked in 63 AD., the end of the Second Temple era, just before the Romans destroyed the Temple in 70 AD. The models construction was supervised by Prof. Michael Avi Yonah and was based on descriptions of the city given by Flavius Josephus, the Talmuds, the Mishna, the Tosephtha, recent archaeological discoveries, and contemporary sources. Jesus called this "My Father's House."The famous Corinth Canal
shortens the voyage from the Adriatic to Piraeus by 200 miles [images] [Archaeology]The famous 'Pilate' inscription of Ceasarea
This stone was discovered at Caesarea. Its inscription commemorates Pilate's erection and dedication of a Tiberium, a temple to the divine genius of Tiberius, the Roman Emperor during Pilate's tenure in office. It reveals the extent to which Romanization had advanced in Caesarea and replaced Jewish worship. Ironically, Tiberius himself forbade his worship in Rome but allowed it in the eastern parts of the empire. The fact that the inscription is written in Latin is also a sign of Romanization since Greek was still the language of international affairs, and the locals in Judea spoke Aramaic or Hebrew. [Jesus] [Archaeology]The Flood Narrative From the Gilgamesh Epic
Translation by E.A. Speiser, in Ancient Near Eastern Texts (Princeton, 1950)The Hammurabi Stele Text
THE HAMMURABI STELE. Partially Retold in English, by Stan Rummel, Director of The Humanities Program, Texas Wesleyan University, Fort Worth, Texas. "In the following selections, I have frequently changed the grammar and sequence of words from that of the original text, and I have omitted sections of material, so that what is given will read comprehensibly in English. I have grouped regulations by topical categories for discussion, rather than simply following their numerical sequence." Also includes an image: Detail of the top of the Hammurabi Stele, picturing King Hammurabi coming before the god Shamash.Mars Hill
In classical times, the Areopagus functioned as the chief homicide court of Athens. Ares was supposed to have been tried here by the Gods for the murder of Poseidon's son Alirrothios. Another legend states that the hill was the site of the trial of Orestes for killing his stepmother and her lover, Clytemnestra and Aegisthus. In pre-classical times (before the 5th century BC), the Areopagus was the council of elders of the city, like the Roman Senate. Like the Senate, its membership derived from those who had held high public office, in this case that of Archon. In 462 BC, Ephialtes put through reforms which deprived the Areopagus of almost all its functions except that of a murder tribunal. Approach to Mars Hill. © Howard Chalkley At the foot of the Areopagus was a temple dedicated to the Erinyes where murderers used to find shelter so as not to face the consequences of their actions. Near the Areopagus was also constructed the basilica of Dionysius Areopagites. [images] [Archaeology]Ossuaries found in Dominus Flevit on Mount of Olives
[images] [Archaeology]Ossuaries from Temple Mount Excavation
[images] [Archaeology]Manumission and Bridewealth Document
Manumission and Bridewealth Document (14th cent. BCE?)TRANSLATION by K. C. Hanson (Adapted from Finkelstein 1969:546). Language: Akkadian; Medium: Clay tablet; Size: 43 centimeters long 5 centimeters wide; Length: 25 lines of writing Genre: Manumission & Marriage Contract Approximate Date: 14th cent. BCE? Place of Discovery: Ugarit acropolis, Ras Shamra, Syria Date of Discovery: 1936 Current Location: Musée National d'Alep Aleppo, Syria.Ishtar Gate Inscription
Dedicatory Inscription on the Ishtar Gate, Babylon; TRANSLATION (Adapted from Marzahn 1995:29-30)Language: Akkadian Medium: glazed brick Size: c. 15 meters high c. 10 meters wide Length: 60 lines of writing Genre: Dedication Inscription Dedicator: Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylonia (reigned 605""562 BCE) Approximate Date: 600 BCE Place of Discovery: Babylon (near modern Baghdad, Iraq) Date of Excavation: 1899""1914 Current Location: Pergamon Museen (Berlin, Germany)The headwaters of the Jordan at Banias.
[images] [Israel]Gilgamesh Epic
From K. C. Hanson's Photo Gallery of Mesopotamia. Gilgamesh Epic Tablet 11: The Flood Narrative ? century BCAncient History Questions and Answers
"Ancient History Questions and Answers" is an informative resource that provides insights into the historical, cultural, and societal aspects of ancient civilizations. This platform offers a wide range of questions posed by curious individuals about the past, accompanied by accurate and well-researched answers.
Covering a diverse array of topics, from ancient Egypt and Greece to Rome, Mesopotamia, China, and beyond, this resource serves as a gateway for anyone interested in exploring the rich tapestry of human history. It addresses inquiries about significant events, influential figures, cultural practices, technological advancements, religious beliefs, and more.
Through the "Ancient History Questions and Answers," readers can delve into the mysteries of the past and gain a deeper understanding of how ancient societies shaped the foundations of modern civilization. Whether you're a student, a history enthusiast, or someone simply intrigued by the complexities of bygone eras, this resource offers accessible and enlightening answers that bring ancient history to life.
Bible Scripture Verses
"Bible Scripture Verses" are the foundational building blocks of the Bible, encapsulating its teachings, wisdom, and messages in concise and meaningful phrases. These verses, also known as passages or quotes, are drawn from both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible and are revered by believers for their spiritual significance and guidance.
Each Bible Scripture Verse offers a unique perspective on faith, morality, compassion, love, hope, and other essential values. These verses encapsulate timeless truths that have resonated with individuals and communities throughout generations, offering solace, inspiration, and guidance in times of joy and adversity.
Bible Scripture Verses are often cited in religious services, personal devotionals, inspirational literature, and discussions about faith. They serve as touchstones for meditation, prayer, and reflection, allowing individuals to connect with the spiritual and moral teachings of the Bible on a personal level.
These verses cover a wide range of topics, from ethical principles and narratives to prophecies and parables. By engaging with Bible Scripture Verses, believers seek to deepen their understanding of their faith and apply its teachings to their lives.
Whether as sources of comfort during challenging moments or as sources of inspiration for daily living, Bible Scripture Verses hold a special place in the hearts of individuals seeking to align their lives with the timeless wisdom and guidance found within the pages of the Bible.
Oriental Institute Table of Contents
Multiple images and Maps (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu
EGYPT - Abu Simbel
Photographic Archive Series (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu
Translation glossary
Biblical termsPalace Complex: Structures, Reliefs, and Inscriptions
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI_Palace_Darius.html
The Apadana
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI_Palace_Darius.html
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN
Palace of Darius, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI_Palace_Darius.html
Palace of Darius
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI_Palace_Darius.html
The Throne Hall
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI_Palace_Darius.html
The Throne Hall
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI_Palace_Darius.html
The Gate of Xerxes
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu
The Treasury
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu
The Palace of Xerxes
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu
Cuneiform Tablets
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu
Seals and Seal Impressions
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu
Survey of Old Testament History
A menu page for access to short summaries of OT History as a background for biblical interpretation. The history is organized around eight major periods: The Patriarchal Era (1800-1290), Exodus and the Period of the Judges (1290-1050), Early Israelite Monarchy (1050-750), Assyrian Dominance (750-640 BC), The Rise of Babylon and Exile (640-538), The Persian Period and Return (538-323), The Greek Wars/Maccabean Period (323-63), The Rise of Rome (63-3). Outline and Menu from Christian Resource Institute.The Old Testament
Topical Studies on the subjects in certain books of the Old Testament from Christian Resource Institute. Includes: The Torah, The Prophets, and The Writings.The New Testament
Topical Studies on the subjects in certain books of the New Testament from Christian Resource Institute.The New Testament
Topical Studies on the subjects in certain books of the New Testament from Christian Resource Institute.Key Biblical Dates
A list of significant biblical dates to provide a framework for the flow of biblical History from Christian Resource Institute.Israelite Prophets Date Chart
Chart of the ministry dates of the major prophets of the Old Testament from Christian Resource Institute.Israelite Kings Date Chart
Chart of the reigns of kings of the United Monarchy and the Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah to the fall of Jerusalem (1050 - 586 BC), color coded to show good and bad kings, as well as those deposed or assassinated; from Christian Resource Institute.Types of Manuscripts
An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism at Robert Waltz Site. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Printed Versions of the New Testament
An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism at Robert Waltz Site. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]The Practice of Textual Criticism
An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism at Robert Waltz Site. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]List of New Testament Manuscripts
An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism at Robert Waltz Site. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism
Robert Waltz site. Conceived by Rich Elliott of Simon Greenleaf University [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Examples of How Textual Critics Resolve Variants
Some Sample Variant Readings and How Critics Resolve Them. The purpose of New Testament Textual Criticism is to recover the original New Testament text. This, obviously, requires the textual critic to resolve variants. This entry gives an assortment of variants, plus descriptions of how they have been resolved by various scholars . [New Testament Studies] [Church History]American Standard Version 1901 Edition
This document is from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library at Calvin College. [Bible Versions] [Study ToolsThe Septuagint with Apocrypha
Greek and English by Sir Lancelot C.L. Brenton transcribed by Nelson Chin and placed in Public Domain, 1999 This document is from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library at Calvin College. [Bible Versions] [Study ToolsCzech Bible Version
This document is from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library at Calvin College. [Bible Versions] [Study ToolsAuthority of the Bible
Probe Ministries, Patrick Zukeran [New Testament Canon]Thy Word is Truth
Christian Research Newsletter, Dr. Walter Martin[New Testament Canon]The Inerrancy of the Bible
Grace Notes [New Testament Canon]Bibliology: The Doctrine of the Written Word
Biblical Studies Foundation, J. Hampton Keathley III [New Testament Canon]Are the Biblical Documents Reliable?
Leadership U, Jimmy Williams [New Testament Canon]Survey of Bible Doctrine: The Bible
Biblical Studies Foundation, Sid Litke, Th.M. [New Testament Canon]World Wide Study Bible
The Study Bible developed and located around the world! About Genesis -- Bible - Encarta Concise Encyclopedia Genesis -- Easton's Bible Dictionary, Pentateuch -- Catholic Encyclopedia Scripture Anglo-Saxon -- The Junius Manuscript (Labyrinth Library: Old English) Commentary Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706) -- Matthew Henry Sermons The Method of Faith -- Ray C. Stedman Reference Library Notes Class Notes on Sacred, History, Vol.1 (1893) -- J.W. McGarvey (1829-1911) Article References biblical literature -- EncyclopÃ"dia Britannica Online Doctrinal Value by Rev. D. Hague -- The Fundamentals, Vol. 1 ch. XIV (1909) Poetry Genesis A & B - Kennedy Translation (1916) -- OMACL - Codex Junius 11 (ca AD 650-950) More Scripture Literal Translation (1976) -- by Jay P. Green, Sr. - Introduction New English Translation (1996) -- NET Bible - Biblical Studies Press This document is from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library at Calvin College. [Bible Study Tools]Development of the NT canon
collected and organized by Glenn Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Early Lists of the Books of the New Testament
The following lists are taken directly from [Metzger] and [Schneemelcher]. Collected and organized by Glenn Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Early Christian Authorities
collected and organized by Glenn Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Apocryphal New Testament Writings
collected and organized by Glenn Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Cross Reference Table: Writings and Authorities
collected and organized by Glenn Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Lists of the early Books of the New Testament
collected and organized by Glenn Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]The Bibles of Constantine
collected and organized by Glenn Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Map of Early Christianity
collected and organized by Glenn Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Closing the Canon in the West
collected and organized by Glenn Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Closing the Canon in the East
collected and organized by Glenn Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Canon of the New Testament
from the online Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]New Testament Canon
Glen Davis [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Noncanonical Homepage
at The Wesley Center For Applied Theology at Northwest Nazarene College This site has English translations of many non-canonical writings. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Interpreting Ancient Manuscripts
The main focus of the web is on the process used to study the ancient manuscripts upon which the New Testament is based. While the language discussed is Greek, almost everything is explained with transliterations into English and, where applicable, translations from standard English Bibles. Web Brown University. Has some images of Codex Sinaiticus. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Codex Sinaiticus
[New Testament Studies] [Church History]Codex Hierosolymitanus (1056 CE)
[New Testament Studies] [Church History]Guide to Early Church Documents
Institute for Christian Leadership [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Wheaton College Early Church Fathers. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Fathers of the Church
New Advent Catholic Supersite The 38-volume Edinborough edition of writings from the first 800 years of the Church. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]The Emergence of the New Testament Canon
Daniel F. Lieuwen. From the Orthodox Christian Information Center. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]SKETCHES OF CHURCH HISTORY
From AD 33 to the Reformation. by the late REV. J. C ROBERTSON, M.A., CANON OF CANTERBURY [Church History)ZChurch Bible Dictionary & Glossary
Great glossary tool for Bible related subjects.View of East Stairway of the Apadana, looking northwest
PERSEPOLIS AND ANCIENT IRAN, Multiple images (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu
Oriental Institute Tabler of Contents
Multiple images and Maps (with high resolution photos)Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu
Write Like a Babylonian
see your monogram in cuneiform, the way an ancient Babylonian might have written it. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and AnthropologyRoad to Caesarea
Caesarea. Bible ImagesScribes, Pharisees, Sadducees, and The Sanhedrin
Warren Doud, Grace Notes [Intertestimental]Is the Bible Reliable?
by Bob and Gretchen Passantino [New Testament Canon]We Can Trust the Bible
Biblical Studies Foundation, Lehman Strauss, Litt.D., F.R.G.S. [New Testament Canon]Why So Many Versions?
Biblical Studies Foundation, Daniel B. Wallace, Ph.D. [New Testament Canon]The Sufficiency of Scripture and Modern Psychology
Robert E. Hempy Jr., Th.M. [New Testament Canon]The Canonicity Question
Xenos, Dennis McCallum and Gary DeLashmutt [New Testament Canon]Verbal Plenary Inspiration
Xenos, Dennis McCallum and Gary DeLashmutt [New Testament Canon]Why Respond to Gail Riplinger?
Biblical Studies Foundation, James White [New Testament Canon]Grammatical-Historical Hermeneutics For Lay Readers
Xenos, Gary DeLashmutt and Dennis McCallum [New Testament Canon]Hermeneutical Systems
Xenos, Dennis McCallum and Gary DeLashmutt [New Testament Canon]The Conspiracy Behind the New Bible Translations
This is the first in a series of occasional short essays from the "Professor's Soap Box." It is not intended to be a detailed exposition; rather, it is meant to give you food for thought and to challenge some popular ideas. Biblical Studies Foundation, Daniel B. Wallace, Ph.D. [New Testament Canon]The Christian Canon
Leadership U, Don Closson [New Testament Canon]The Adequacy of Scripture
Biblical Studies Foundation, Greg Herrick [New Testament Canon]The Conspiracy Behind the New Bible Translations
Biblical Studies Foundation, Daniel B. Wallace, Ph.D. [New Testament Canon]Does the Bible Teach "Sola Scriptura"?
Christian Research Journal, Kenneth R. Samples [New Testament Canon]The Old Testament Canon
Grace Notes [New Testament Canon]The Written Word
Diane Dew [New Testament Canon]Noah's Ark: Its Final Berth
Christian Information Ministries, Bill Crouse [Biblical Archaeology]Christian Information Ministries
Christian Information Ministries, Bill Crouse. Bill has led several teams in search for the Ark and is considered to be one of the world's foremost scholars in Ark studies. Recently, he contributed several chapters to the book: The Explorers of Ararat, edited by B. J. Corbin and Rex Geissler. [Biblical Archaeology]Arqueogeografia
Links [Biblical Archaeology]Ancient Lands of the Bible
Have you ever read some of the places in the Bible and wondered where they were located, today? It only takes a few moments to realize there are places mentioned in the Bible that we cannot find on a map, today. Over the years, these places have changed names. You can tell how some of them have changed because they still look a little or sound a little like their ancient names. However, some of them don't look or sound anything like the original names. I've compiled a list of ancient biblical countries or peoples and their current names or regions. Below that list there is a list of ancient cities and where they are located. [Biblical Archaeology]Archaeology and the Bible
a list of questions and answers pertaining to archaeological evidence related to Biblical events, provided by ChristianAnswers.Net [Biblical Archaeology]BibArch
focus on people of the Levant and other regions related to the biblical record. [Biblical Archaeology]Biblical Resources: Archaeology of Ancient Cultures
on one of four pages of general biblical resources, provided by Prof. Torrey Seland of Volda College, Norway. [Biblical Archaeology]Internet Resources
for the Study of Judaism and Christianity: Archaeology from the University of Pennsylvania [Biblical Archaeology]Links to other Bible and Archaeology Sites
These links are taken from Digger Doyle's favorite archaeology links. [Biblical Archaeology]Bible Archaeology
a summary of "the wealth of information that has literally been unearthed by the spades of patient, dedicated people which helps to confirm the historical accuracy of the Bible". [Biblical Archaeology]Olive Culture in Ancient Israel
by David Eitam [Biblical Archaeology]Scrolls from the Dead Sea
: The Ancient Library of Qumran and Modern Scholarship an exhibit at the Library of Congress, Washington, DC. [Biblical Archaeology]Lands of the Bible in Modern Times
a modern map of Biblical lands. [Biblical Maps]Map of Near East Archaeological Sites
shows sites at which the University of Chicago's Oriental Institute has worked. [Biblical Maps]Evangelicals and The Canon of The New Testament
Evangelicals and The Canon of The New Testament Biblical Studies Foundation [New Testament Studies] [Church History]The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism
Robert Waltz site. Conceived by Rich Elliott of Simon Greenleaf University [New Testament Studies] [Church History]An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism
Robert Waltz Site. [New Testament Studies] [Church History]Caesarea Cave
Caesarea. Bible ImagesCaesarea Aqueduct
Caesarea. Bible ImagesCaesarea Amphitheater
Caesarea. Bible ImagesMount Tabor
Mount Tabor. Bible ImagesJordan River
Jordan River. Bible ImagesSea of Galilee
Sea of Galilee. Bible ImagesRuins of part of Jericho wall
Jericho. Bible ImagesOld Jerusalem's Eastern Gate
Eastern Gate. Bible ImagesKidron Valley
Kidron Valley. Bible ImagesTemple Mount
Holy Land. Bible ImagesThe Wailing Wall
Holy Land. Bible ImagesShrine of the Book
Holy Land. Bible ImagesModel of Jerusalem
Holy Land. Bible ImagesThe Masada 1
Holy Land. Bible ImagesThe Masada 2
Holy Land. Bible ImagesOld Jerusalem's Eastern Gate
Holy Land. Bible ImagesPool of Bethesda
Holy Land. Bible ImagesGarden Tomb
Holy Land. Bible ImagesApologetics Information Ministry
The Apologetics Information Ministry is a dedicated resource that focuses on the field of Christian apologetics, providing valuable information, resources, and insights for individuals seeking to engage in thoughtful discussions and defend the Christian faith. Apologetics is the discipline of offering reasoned arguments and explanations for the beliefs and teachings of Christianity.
This ministry serves as a hub for those interested in understanding and articulating the intellectual foundations of Christian beliefs. It offers a variety of tools, including articles, videos, books, podcasts, and seminars, that address common questions, challenges, and criticisms related to Christianity. These resources are designed to equip believers with the knowledge and skills to engage in meaningful dialogues with skeptics, seekers, and individuals from other belief systems.
Apologetics Information Ministry often covers a wide range of topics, such as the existence of God, the historical reliability of the Bible, the problem of evil, the relationship between science and faith, and more. It addresses these subjects with a balanced and well-researched approach, encouraging critical thinking and fostering deeper understanding.
By presenting evidence, logical reasoning, and historical context, the Apologetics Information Ministry seeks to strengthen the faith of believers and provide them with the tools to engage in respectful and informed conversations about their beliefs. It also serves as a valuable resource for those who are exploring Christianity or seeking answers to their questions.
In essence, the Apologetics Information Ministry bridges the gap between faith and reason, offering a platform where individuals can find guidance, knowledge, and thoughtful responses to challenges posed to the Christian worldview. It contributes to meaningful conversations that promote intellectual engagement and spiritual growth.
Wheaton University: Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Wheaton University's Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL) is a digital repository that serves as a valuable resource for exploring the timeless literary and theological treasures of the Christian tradition. Operating as part of Wheaton University's commitment to education and Christian scholarship, CCEL provides free online access to an extensive collection of classic Christian texts.
Through the CCEL, readers can engage with a diverse array of writings that span centuries and encompass a wide range of topics, including theology, philosophy, literature, and devotion. From the works of early Church Fathers to the profound insights of theologians and scholars, the library offers a comprehensive view of Christian thought and heritage.
With its user-friendly interface, the CCEL enables individuals from around the world to explore the writings of luminaries such as Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, John Calvin, and many others. The library's digital format not only preserves these invaluable texts but also makes them accessible to modern readers, scholars, and students who seek to deepen their understanding of Christian theology and history.
Wheaton University's Christian Classics Ethereal Library stands as a virtual haven for those who wish to delve into the foundational texts that have shaped Christian thinking and spirituality. Whether you're a theology student, a curious seeker, or a devoted believer, the CCEL provides an online sanctuary where the wisdom and insights of the Christian tradition are available at your fingertips.
The Tech Classics Archive
This site provides English translations of Greek and Roman documents. Many, if not all, are in HTML format, but they do not have paragraph indexing.Classics at Oxford
Classics at Oxford University is a vibrant and esteemed academic discipline that offers an immersive exploration of the languages, cultures, and civilizations of the ancient Mediterranean world. Renowned for its rich tradition of scholarship and intellectual rigor, the Classics program at Oxford provides students with an unparalleled opportunity to engage with the literature, philosophy, history, and art of ancient Greece and Rome.
Through rigorous study of ancient texts in their original languages—Latin and Ancient Greek—students delve into the writings of famous authors like Homer, Virgil, Plato, and Cicero. They also examine the societal structures, political systems, and cultural nuances that shaped these civilizations.
The Classics program at Oxford encourages interdisciplinary study, allowing students to connect the past with contemporary issues and to explore the lasting impact of ancient thought on modern society. With access to world-class faculty, libraries, and resources, students can pursue research projects that contribute to the ongoing conversation about the significance of antiquity in the modern world.
Whether students aspire to be historians, linguists, philosophers, or simply have a passion for understanding the roots of Western civilization, studying Classics at Oxford University offers a unique opportunity to engage with the intellectual and cultural heritage of the ancient world, fostering critical thinking, analytical skills, and a deeper appreciation for the enduring legacy of antiquity.
The Old Testament - A Brief Overview
A very basic overview of the Old Testament. Understanding the Bible is often difficult for the average reader usually because of the unfamiliar names of people and cultures of the ancient world. For the most part the Bible is very easy to understand. My desire is to paint the broad strokes and give sort of a panorama of Biblical history. I hope you enjoy it.Glossary of Latin Words
Brief Glossary of Latin words. Pages range from 25kb to 200 kb. [Latin Glossary]Herod Images
This is an image directory of images that I found around the Internet of Herod and his sons. You can browse the directory. It contains coins, images, maps, satellite photos and more. There will be more coming soon.Loeb Classical Library
The Loeb Classical Library stands as a beacon of scholarship, offering a remarkable collection of ancient texts that span the breadth of classical literature. Founded by James Loeb in the early 20th century, this iconic series presents a dual-language format, featuring original Greek or Latin texts on one page and English translations on the facing page.
The Loeb Classical Library serves as an invaluable resource for scholars, students, and enthusiasts of ancient Greek and Roman literature, philosophy, history, and more. It showcases the works of renowned authors such as Homer, Plato, Virgil, Cicero, and countless others, preserving their literary brilliance and making them accessible to readers across languages.
By providing both the original text and its English translation, the Loeb Classical Library invites readers to engage directly with the source material while offering assistance in understanding the nuances of language and meaning. This series embodies a commitment to scholarly accuracy, making it an essential tool for those studying and appreciating the cultural legacy of the ancient world.
For anyone seeking to explore the profound contributions of the classical civilizations to human thought and creativity, the Loeb Classical Library offers an unparalleled gateway to the timeless wisdom, narratives, and intellectual inquiries that continue to shape our understanding of history and culture.
The Mansoor Amarna Collection
Primarily a site related to the scientific arguments about the authenticity of the Mansoor Amarna artifactsAssyrian Texts
Assyrian texts stand as invaluable windows into the ancient civilization of Assyria, offering insights into its language, culture, and historical context. These texts, written in the cuneiform script on clay tablets, encompass a wide range of subjects, from administrative records and legal documents to literary works and religious inscriptions.
The collection of Assyrian texts sheds light on the daily life, governance, trade, and religious practices of the Assyrian people, who thrived in the Near East during the Mesopotamian era. Royal inscriptions provide accounts of military conquests and the achievements of rulers, while literary compositions offer narratives, myths, and poetry that reflect the cultural and creative expressions of the time.
Through the meticulous deciphering of cuneiform writing, scholars have unveiled the complexities of the Assyrian language and the intricacies of their society. These texts offer a direct connection to the people of ancient Assyria, providing a rich tapestry of information that contributes to our understanding of the historical and cultural landscape of the ancient world.
Whether you're an archaeology enthusiast, a linguist, or a history buff, the study of Assyrian texts provides a captivating journey into the past, allowing you to explore the stories, achievements, and perspectives of a civilization that continues to shape our understanding of human history.
Perseus Project
The Perseus Project stands as a pioneering digital initiative that brings the wonders of the ancient world to the digital age. Developed by Tufts University, this online repository offers an expansive collection of texts, images, and resources related to the classical world, making them easily accessible to students, scholars, and enthusiasts worldwide.
Through the Perseus Project, users can explore a vast array of ancient texts in their original languages and translations, ranging from Greek and Latin literature to historical documents and philosophical treatises. The project's extensive image database showcases art, artifacts, and maps that provide visual context to the ancient cultures and civilizations under examination.
With its user-friendly interface and powerful search capabilities, the Perseus Project encourages engagement with primary sources and scholarly research. This digital platform empowers users to delve into the works of ancient authors, immerse themselves in historical documents, and gain insights into the linguistic, cultural, and philosophical nuances of the classical world.
Whether you're a student delving into the intricacies of classical literature, a researcher seeking primary sources, or a curious mind interested in the treasures of antiquity, the Perseus Project is a virtual gateway that bridges the gap between the past and the present, offering a wealth of knowledge and exploration at your fingertips.
University of Virginia
The University of Virginia, often referred to as UVA, is a prestigious institution that stands as a beacon of academic excellence, innovation, and historical significance. Founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1819, UVA is situated in Charlottesville, Virginia, and is renowned for its stunning neoclassical architecture, lush grounds, and vibrant intellectual community.
As one of the United States' oldest universities, UVA has cultivated a rich tradition of scholarship and research across a diverse range of disciplines. Its distinguished faculty, dedicated students, and state-of-the-art facilities contribute to a dynamic and collaborative learning environment. The university offers a wide array of undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs that empower students to excel in fields ranging from the arts and humanities to the sciences and engineering.
UVA's commitment to interdisciplinary exploration is showcased through its various research centers and institutes, fostering innovative approaches to tackling global challenges. The university's historical significance is exemplified by its UNESCO World Heritage Site designation and its iconic Rotunda, a symbolic representation of Jefferson's vision of education and enlightenment.
From its vibrant student life to its contributions to knowledge and society, the University of Virginia continues to uphold its legacy as a hub of academic achievement, cultural enrichment, and community engagement.
Wheaton University: Christian Classics
Wheaton University's Christian Classics collection stands as a testament to the enduring wisdom and intellectual heritage of Christian thought throughout history. This curated repository brings together a rich selection of timeless texts, theological treatises, and philosophical works that have shaped the foundations of Christian faith, ethics, and philosophy.
From the writings of early Church Fathers to the profound insights of medieval theologians and modern Christian philosophers, the Christian Classics collection offers a comprehensive journey through the evolution of Christian intellectual tradition. Whether you're a scholar, a student, or a seeker of wisdom, these texts provide a deep exploration of theological concepts, ethical considerations, and spiritual reflections that continue to resonate in contemporary discourse.
Wheaton University's Christian Classics collection serves as a bridge between generations, fostering a connection between ancient wisdom and modern inquiries. This repository invites you to engage with the intellectual legacy that has shaped Christian thought for centuries, offering a profound opportunity to delve into the heart of faith, theology, and philosophical exploration.
Bible History Images & Art for Biblical Studies
Bible History Images & Art for Biblical Studies presents a captivating visual voyage through the historical landscapes, narratives, and characters of the Bible. This curated collection brings together a diverse array of artistic interpretations, ranging from ancient manuscripts and iconic paintings to contemporary digital renderings. Each image serves as a portal into the past, offering a unique perspective on the events and people that have shaped the biblical narrative. Through these visual representations, viewers can witness the stories unfold in vibrant detail, gaining insights into the cultural contexts and emotions that imbue the scriptures. This collection not only deepens one's understanding of biblical history but also underscores the enduring power of art to bridge the gap between ancient texts and modern sensibilities. Whether for scholars, students, or enthusiasts of both art and theology, Bible History Images & Art for Biblical Studies provides a rich visual tapestry that illuminates the timeless connection between the sacred and the creative.
An Outline of The Life of Jesus in Harmony
"An Outline of The Life of Jesus in Harmony" is a comprehensive resource that offers a cohesive narrative of the life of Jesus Christ, harmonizing the accounts found in the four Gospels of the New Testament. This resource spans from the birth of John the Baptist to the Resurrection of Jesus, providing readers with a chronological and interconnected understanding of the significant events that shaped Jesus' life and ministry.
One of the notable features of this outline is its meticulous comparison of the Gospel accounts written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. By weaving together these different perspectives, the resource creates a harmonious and comprehensive portrait of Jesus' life, teachings, miracles, and interactions with various individuals.
In addition to the Gospel narratives, the outline incorporates a growing database of historical notes. These notes serve to provide context and depth to the events described in the Gospels. This comparative approach connects the scriptural accounts with historical and cultural details, enhancing the reader's understanding of the broader socio-religious environment in which Jesus lived.
"Bible History Online" serves as the platform for this outline, offering a digital space for individuals to access this harmonized narrative, historical notes, and related resources. The website allows users to explore the life of Jesus in a user-friendly format, fostering a deeper appreciation for the biblical accounts and their historical significance.
In summary, "An Outline of The Life of Jesus in Harmony" is a valuable resource for those seeking to comprehend the life and ministry of Jesus Christ as described in the New Testament. By harmonizing the Gospel narratives and incorporating historical context, this outline provides a holistic and accessible way to engage with the story of Jesus, making it relevant and meaningful for contemporary readers.
Herod the Great
Herod the Great, a complex and influential figure in ancient history, was a skilled and ambitious ruler who left a significant mark on the political and architectural landscape of the Eastern Mediterranean during the late 1st century BCE. Born around 73 BCE, Herod was a client king appointed by the Roman Senate to govern Judea, a region encompassing parts of modern-day Israel, Palestine, and Jordan.
Herod's reign was characterized by both remarkable achievements and controversial actions. He is often remembered for his ambitious building projects, which included the expansion and renovation of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, known as Herod's Temple. His architectural endeavors extended to cities, fortresses, and palaces, where he blended Roman and Hellenistic influences with local design.
Despite his construction feats, Herod's legacy is also marred by brutal suppression of dissent and perceived threats. His paranoia led to the execution of numerous family members, including his wife and three of his sons. Herod's reign was marked by political intrigue, alliances with the Roman Empire, and efforts to consolidate power while appeasing both local and foreign interests.
The legacy of Herod the Great is a mixture of awe-inspiring accomplishments and divisive actions. His architectural marvels continue to be a testament to his vision and legacy, while his rule serves as a reminder of the complex political dynamics of the ancient world. Whether celebrated for his building prowess or critiqued for his authoritarian methods, Herod remains a significant and enigmatic figure whose impact reverberated throughout history.
