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Concerning Smith’s Bible Dictionary and Its Enduring Legacy in Biblical Scholarship

Since the days of the apostles and the early Church, the study of Scripture has been a sacred endeavor—one seeking to rightly divide the Word of Truth (2 Timothy 2:15). Over centuries, faithful scholars have labored to illuminate the meaning of biblical texts, clarify obscure references, and make the riches of God’s revelation accessible to all who...

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The Cuneiform Writing System

(Babylonian and Assyrian Cuneiform Texts) Writing is one of the essentials and characteristics of civilization... Urbanization, capital formation and writing are closely related. Writing developed at the end of the 4th millennium in the Middle East. The prime motivation was of an economic nature: the desire to administer economical and trade trans...

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Akkadian Cuneiform

The Akkadian cuneiform script was adapted from Sumerian cuneiform in about 2350 BC. At the same time, many Sumerian words were borrowed into Akkadian, and Sumerian logograms were given both Sumerian and Akkadian readings. In many ways the process of adapting the Sumerian script to the Akkadian language resembles the way the Chinese script was adapt...

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Electronic Translations of Akkadian Cuneiform Texts

eTACT aims to be the definitive repository on the Web for translations of Akkadian materials. Through eTACT, scholars, students, and the general public gain convenient access to a wealth of information that otherwise can be difficult to discover. Visitors to the site can have confidence in the quality of the translations since they are prepared and...

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Cuneiform Writing

Univ. Of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Sumerians created cuneiform script over 5000 years ago. It was the world's first written language. The last known cuneiform inscription was written in 75 AD. Pictograms, or drawings representing actual things, were the basis for cuneiform writing. As shown in the chart, early pictograms ...

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The Stanford Cuneiform Tablet Visualization Project

Thousands of historically revealing cuneiform clay tablets, which were inscribed in Mesopotamia millenia ago, still exist today. Visualizing cuneiform writing is important when deciphering what is written on the tablets. It is also important when reproducing the tablets in papers and books. Unfortunately, scholars have found photographs to be an in...

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Cuneiform Tablets

African and Middle Eastern Division, Library of Congress. Cuneiform Tablets: From the Reign of Gudea of Lagash to Shalmanassar III presents clay tablets, cones, and brick fragments inscribed using the ancient writing system known as cuneiform from the Library of Congress' collections. The Sumerians invented this writing system, which involves the u...

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Ugaritic Cuneiform

Ugaritic cuneiform was named after Ugarit, the city state where it was used. It was probably created sometime during the 14th century BC. Ugaritic cuneiform outwardly resembles other cuneiform scripts and has a sound system based on consonant alphabets such as Phoenician/Canaanite....

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Cuneiform Tablets

What do ancient cuneiform tablets teach us about biblical times and the biblical record? Cuneiform was a system of writing used by different language groups in the ancient Near and Middle Eastern regions to inscribe information in a variety of languages. It was used for over three thousand years, from the dawn of the postdiluvial civilizations unti...

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Assyrian Babylonian Cuneiform Grammar

Ancient Mesopotamia of the Near East - Dictionary, Flashcards and Translator. The Assyrian/Babylonian Cuneiform: Pictographs (symbols that visually look like physical objects, also known as hieroglyphs) evolved over time from around 3500 B.C. into Babylonian-Assyrian Cuneiform (wedge shaped writing) around 1800 B.C. Note: The evolution of the picto...

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