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People - Ancient Rome

Valerian in Roman Biography

Va-le'ri-an [ Lat. Vai.eria'nus, (Puhlius Licinius;) Fr. Valerien, vS'la're^N'] succeeded vEmilianus as Emperor of Rome in 253 A.D., and appointed his son Gallienus his colleague. The empire was soon after invaded by the Goths and other barbarous tribes, and by Sapor, (Shapoor,) King of Persia, who defeated the Romans near Kdessa in 260 and took Va...

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Pupienus in Roman Biography

Pu-pi-e'nus Maxl-mus, (Clodius,) a Roman officer, who was elected (238 A.D.) emperor with Balbinus. He was killed in 239 by his mutinous soldiers...

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Severus Alexander in Roman Biography

Se-ve'rus, [Fr. Severe, sa'vaiR',] (Alexander,) a Roman emperor, born in Phoenicia about 205 A.D., was a son of Gessius Marcjanus and Julia Mammaea. In 221 he was adopted by his cousin Elagabalus, then emperor, who also gave him the title of Caesar. He was called M. Aurelius Alexander before his accession to the throne. Elagabalus soon became jealo...

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Tiberius in Roman Biography

Ti-be'ri-us, [Fr. Tibere, te'baiR' ; It. Tiberio, teba're- o,] or, more fully, Ti-be'rI-us Clau'dl-us Ne'ro, a celebrated emperor of Rome, born in 42 B.C. He was a son of Livia Drusilla, the wife of Augustus, by her first marriage, and belonged to the patrician peps Claudia, His father was T. Claudius Nero. At an early age he acquired a high reputa...

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Quintilian in Roman Biography

Quin-til'I-an, [Lat. Quintilia'nus or Quinctilia'. nus ; Fr. Quintilien, kiN'te'leJ.N',] (Marcus Fabius,) a celebrated Roman critic and teacher of rhetoric, was born probably between 40 and 50 A.n. Jerome states that he was a native of Calagurris, (Calanorra,) in the northern part of Spain ; but some modern writers think he was born in Rome. He obt...

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Spartacus in Roman Biography

Spar'ta-cus, a Thracian soldier, who was taken prisoner by the Romans, reduced to slavery, and trained as a gladiator. Having escaped with a number of his associates, he became leader of a numerous band, and defeated Claudius Pulcher, who was sent against him about 73 R>c. Having proclaimed freedom to all slaves who should join him, he raised a ...

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Tibullus in Roman Biography

Ti-bul'lus, [Fr. Tibulle, te'bul'; Ger. Tibull, te-bdol'; It. Tibullo, te-bool'lo,] (Albius,) a distinguished Roman elegiac poet of the Augustan age, was bom in Italy about 55 B.C. He was a son of a knight, (eques,) from whom he inherited an estate between Tibur and Praeneste. This estate was confiscated in the civil war, but he recovered a part o...

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Sallust in Roman Biography

Sal'lust, [Lat. Sallus'tius ; Fr. Salluste, st'liist'; It. Sali.ustio, sil-loos'te-o,] (or, more fully, Caius Sallustius Crispus,) a celebrated Roman historian, who was born of a plebeian family at Amitemum in 86 B.C. He was elected tribune of the people in 52 B.C., and was expelled from the senate by the censors in 50 for alleged immoral conduct....

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Stilicho in Roman Biography

Stili-cho, [Gr. ZtiMxoh ; Fr. Stilicon, ste'le'k6N',] (Flavius,) an eminent commander of the Roman armies, was a son of a Vandal officer. He rose rapidly in the reign of Theodosius, and was sent as ambassador to Persia in 384 a.d., at which date he was a young man. On his return he married Serena, a niece of Theodosius I., and became commander-in-c...

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Scaevola in Roman Biography

Scaevola, seVo-la, [Fr. Scevole, si'vol',] (C. Mu- Cius,) a Roman, who, according to the ancient legends, went to the camp of Porsena, then besieging Rome, and attempted to kill him with a dagger. He was seized by the guards of the king, who ordered him to be put to death. Scasvola, it is said, held his right hand in a fire, which was at hand, unti...

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