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FORUM ROMANUM

From the west Rome The forum is the meeting place for Romans, the center of political, religious, business, and social life. Built up over many years on an ancient site, the Forum Romanum is the oldest and most important forum. It is laid out on an axial plan and everything is organized within defined boundaries. At its peak during the days of the...

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ARCADE OF THE TEMPLE OF JUPITER ANXUR

Terracina c. 80 B.C. The arch is the central revolutionary concept of Roman architecture. With its development the Romans bypass the earlier building concept of verticals and horizontals, support and load. The arch makes possible a new idea of space. It becomes the basis of Roman monumentality. Above these powerful supporting arches is a terrace w...

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WEST PTEROMA

From the southwest corner Parthenon Acropolis, Athens 447-432 B.C. The walk space between the exterior columns on the left and the walled-in columns on the right is called the pteroma....

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TEMPLE OF FORTUNA VIRILIS

On the Tiber Rome 2nd century B.C. While the Greek temple is a sculptural building on all sides, Roman rectangular temples are built to be seen from the front. Normally they sit high on a raised platform, with a long stairway leading up to the portico. The side walls have attached half-columns which are called pseudo-peripteral. Primarily used as ...

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MAISON CARRÉE

Nîmes c. 19 B.C. The Maison Carrée is the best-preserved Roman temple. It has a high podium and six Corinthian columns support the entablature. Also typical is the height of the porch, in this case: 16 steps high....

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NORTHERN AISLE

Basilica of Constantine Forum Romanum Rome 312-327 The northern aisle with coffering in two vaults. Marble originally covered the walls....

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BATHS IN THE FORUM

Ostia 2nd century This view of the baths at Ostia shows the black and white mosaic floor. The color and figure pattern is typical of the second century....

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Interior, COLOSSEUM

Rome 70-82 In the center is the substructure beneath the arena floor. Almost forty feet deep, it contained a system of corridors for slaves, caged animals, and machinery for performances. It also held the plumbing to flood the arena for water events. The tiers of seats were strictly divided by social strata. The emperor and his family and court sa...

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Detail, Bottom Drum of an IONIC COLUMN

From the Temple of Artemis Ephesus c. 350 B.C. British Museum, London Figures are sculptured into the bottom drum of the shaft of the large Ionic columns from the temple of Artemis....

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FUNERARY KOUROS OF VOLOMANDRA

Mid-6th century B.C. National Archaeological Museum, Athens During the mid-sixth century the figure is erect, poised, and yet immobile, an image of energy at rest. One leg stands slightly in front of the other. The arms are attached to the body. The kouros often stood in a sanctuary or marked a grave. Like the Stele of Aristion it lacks motion....

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