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TABLES

Campanian bell-krater C.A. Painter Symposion c. 350 B.C. Museo Nazionale, Naples The Greek table has a limited use, primarily holding food and dishes during meals. Consequently they are small and light. The circular table on the left has three plain legs with stretchers. The simple rectangular table on the right also has three legs....

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OPUS RETICULATUM

From Hadrian's Villa Tivoli Early 2nd century The Romans discovered concrete and with this material developed entirely new ways of building. Concrete is sturdy, inexpensive, and quick and easy to use. Invariably the concrete is faced. In this example it is faced with opus reticulatum. Stones are pounded into the cement and at the joints they run i...

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CELLA

Parthenon Acropolis, Athens 447-432 B.C. In spite of the heavy damage to the cella wall, it is still possible to imagine what the original marble looked like, with the carefully cut and polished blocks. The entire temple was polished to catch the light. Notice the large lintel block over the doorway. The statue of Athena stood on the platform on t...

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IRIS

Parthenon, West pediment Acropolis, Athens 437-432 B.C. British Museum, London The divine winged messenger Iris stood by Athena's side on the west pediment. Her wings gone, the wind still blows through and against the fabric of her tunic. Her energy, expansive yet in balance, typifies the classic Greek ideal and the standard maintained throughout ...

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Gaius Julius Lacer

Roman bridge Alcántara, Spain 106 Built of square hewn granite stones, this handsome bridge uses six arches to cross the river. The two central arches are 157 feet high and almost 100 feet across. A triumphal arch is over the central pillar....

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TEMPLE OF HERCULES

Cori Late 2nd century B.C. A small Doric temple with columns fluted on the upper two-thirds. The bottom part was probably stuccoed red, a common feature in Pompeian columns. The depth of the porch is equal to its width. Notice the platform made of cement and stone....

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Giovanni Paolo Panini

PANTHEON c. 1750 National Gallery of Art, Washington This eighteenth century painting captures the full magnificence of the Pantheon's interior space, the first such open interior in architectural history. The sun lights up the space and as it travels across the sky casts an intense glow on the walls. Notice how the building's simple design of cir...

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IMPERIAL BATHS

Trier c. 300 Natural light from windows is a primary element in Roman architecture. This is especially so of the buildings which house the baths, where sunlight is that much more desirable. These arched windows almost filling up the wall are from the southern apse of the Imperial Baths at Trier....

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COLOSSEUM

Rome 70-82 The Coliseum is an elliptical building made to hold 50,000 spectators for sporting and theatrical events. It is four stories high with rings of arcades on the first three levels. The arches have attached three-quarter columns, Doric on the first level, Ionic on the second, and Corinthian on the third. The top story has Corinthian pilast...

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SPHINX OF THE NAXIANS

From the sanctuary at Delphi c. 560 B.C. Museum, Delphi The sphinx of the Naxians, a wealthy Cyc1adic island people, sits on an elegant Ionic column which stood not far from the temple of Apollo at Delphi. This was the Naxians' gift to the sanctuary....

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