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BATHS IN THE FORUM

Ostia 2nd century This view of the baths at Ostia shows the black and white mosaic floor. The color and figure pattern is typical of the second century....

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Interior, COLOSSEUM

Rome 70-82 In the center is the substructure beneath the arena floor. Almost forty feet deep, it contained a system of corridors for slaves, caged animals, and machinery for performances. It also held the plumbing to flood the arena for water events. The tiers of seats were strictly divided by social strata. The emperor and his family and court sa...

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Detail, Bottom Drum of an IONIC COLUMN

From the Temple of Artemis Ephesus c. 350 B.C. British Museum, London Figures are sculptured into the bottom drum of the shaft of the large Ionic columns from the temple of Artemis....

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FUNERARY KOUROS OF VOLOMANDRA

Mid-6th century B.C. National Archaeological Museum, Athens During the mid-sixth century the figure is erect, poised, and yet immobile, an image of energy at rest. One leg stands slightly in front of the other. The arms are attached to the body. The kouros often stood in a sanctuary or marked a grave. Like the Stele of Aristion it lacks motion....

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KLISMOS

Detail, white lekythoi Achilles Painter c. 440 B.C. National Archaeological Museum, Athens On this klismos the back is fairly straight. There are many variations of the style....

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TEMPLE OF SATURN

Forum Romanum Rome Restored 320 One of the oldest sacred buildings, the Temple of Saturn in the foreground was rebuilt many times after its dedication around 500 B.C. These eight surviving Ionic columns are from the temple facade, restored in 320 A.D. Romans frequently omitted the fluting from the column shaft. Other temples are in the background....

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ARCHES ON THE VIA NOVA

Palatine Hill Rome 2nd century Arches in the Via Nova supported a street above. Notice how the thin bricks are put into the cement at an angle. This adds strength to the arch....

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Detail, COLUMNS AND ENTABLATURE

Parthenon Acropolis, Athens 447-432 B.C. Notice how the marble blocks sit in perfect balance on the abacus of the Doric columns. The masonry throughout the temple is so refined that no mortar is required at all. In this case the frieze has been stripped of both the finely sculptured marble metopes as well as the triglyphs....

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PILLARS OF TUTHMOSIS III

Temple of Amon, Karnak Dynasty XVIII, 1504-1450 B.C. These two pillars stand outside the sanctuary of Amon. The papyrus decoration on the left pillar symbolizes Lower Egypt and the lotus on the right symbolizes Upper Egypt....

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PERISTYLE AND COURTYARD Temple of Amon, Luxor

Dynasty XVIII, c. 1400-1360 B.C. On three sides of the court the columns are in rows of two. On the fourth (the south side) is a vestibule which leads on to the sanctuary. Where the light begins to be cut off again the columns are in rows of four. Originally there was a roof over the columns and an enclosing wall on the outside....

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