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OPUS TESTACEUM

Forum Romanum Rome In opus testaceum the cement is faced with triangular bricks, about one and one-half inches thick. There are other much used facings....

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THE VARVAKEION STATUETTE

Roman copy after Phidias' Athena Parthenos National Museum, Athens This is an inadequate Roman miniature of Phidias's immense and extravagantly rich statue of the goddess Athena. The cost of building the Parthenon, the propylaea and other buildings on the Acropolis was 2,012 talents. The statue of Athena alone cost 700 talents. About fifty feet ta...

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DIONE AND APHRODITE

Parthenon, East Pediment Acropolis, Athens 437-432 B.C. British Museum, London Two of the three so-called Fates. These breathtaking female figures are sometimes identified as Dione and Aphrodite, the goddesses....

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SERVIAN WALL

Rome 390 B.C. Part of the ancient sixth century wall which surrounded Rome at the foot of the Aventine Hill, this section was erected in 390 B.C. The arch, a later addition, is from the second or first century B.C....

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TEMPLE OF MARS ULTOR

Forum of Augustus Rome 2 B.C. Dedicated by Augustus to Mars the Avenger for the death of Caesar's assassins, the Temple of Mars Ultor was a very large temple with Corinthian columns fifty-eight feet high. The marble-faced steps and three large columns survive....

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BASILICA OF CONSTANTINE

Forum Romanum Rome 312-327 The Roman barrel vault reaches its highest expression in the Basilica of Constantine. Begun by Maxentius in 306-310, the building was completed by Constantine in 312-337. Three huge vaults on the north side remain. Each is pierced by six large windows which bring light into the building (though the center bay was closed ...

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BATHS IN THE FORUM

Ostia 2nd century In the baths at Ostia an entire wall is used for windows. The Romans invented an inexpensive way to manufacture glass....

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COLOSSEUM FACADE

Rome 70-82 A detail of the facade. Originally statues stood in the arches on the second and third stories. People entered through the ground floor arches according to where they sat....

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STELE OF ARISTION

by Aristokles c. 510 B.C. National Archaeological Museum, Athens A stele is a gravestone. This example is one of the finest from the archaic period. It is much more of a silhouette, shallow freize. Well defined but lacking the motion to be found in later sculpture....

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Detail, COFFERED CEILING

by Polyclitus the Younger Tholos, Epidaurus c. 360 B.C. Museum, Epidaurus Greek ceilings are typically coffered. Less common is this coffered ceiling from the tholos at Epidaurus which has delicate flowers growing out of the center of each panel....

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