Exodus 1:14 And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.

Exodus 1:14 and they made their lives bitter with hard labor in mortar and bricks and at all [kinds] of labor in the field, all their labors which they rigorously imposed on them.

13, 14. The Egyptians . . . made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick--Ruins of great brick buildings are found in all parts of Egypt. The use of crude brick, baked in the sun, was universal in upper and lower Egypt, both for public and private buildings; all but the temples themselves were of crude brick. It is worthy of remark that more bricks bearing the name of Thothmes III, who is supposed to have been the king of Egypt at the time of the Exodus, have been discovered than of any other period [WILKINSON]. Parties of these brickmakers are seen depicted on the ancient monuments with "taskmasters," some standing, others in a sitting posture beside the laborers, with their uplifted sticks in their hands.

JFB.

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Exodus 1 Images and Notes

Brief Summary: The children of Israel multiply abundantly, The Egyptians decide to make the Hebrews their slaves, Pharaoh orders the death of all Hebrew male children.

Outline
1 The children of Israel multiply after Joseph's death
8 The more they are oppressed by a new king, the more they multiply
15 The midwives fear God and sure the men children alive
22 Pharaoh commands the male children be cast into the river.

Relief of Ancient Egyptian Beating Slaves

Ancient Customs
New king over Egypt
taskmasters
Pharaoh
treasure cities
serve with rigour
morter
brick
midwives
houses
the river

Quick Reference Map

Map of the Nile River and Egypt (Click to Enlarge)

Ancient Topics
New king over Egypt

Ancient People
Joseph, Pharaoh, Shiprah, Puah
The Children of Israel
Hebrews
the Egyptians
Shiphrah
Puah

Geography
Pithom
Raamses

Quick Reference Maps

The Exodus of the Hebrews

Mount Horeb

The Red Sea

The Old Testament

Exodus Resources

Moses and the Exodus
The Giving of the Law
The Tabernacle
The Wilderness Wanderings