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Ancient Persia

CIA - The World Factbook: Iran

Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and the shah was forced into exile... Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, accordin...

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Cyrus Takes Babylon: Herodotus

The Histories by the Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassus (fifth century BCE) are the world's first historical study. The account of the Fall of Babylon -which is here presented in the translation by George Rawlinson- proves beyond all reasonable doubt that the author never spoke a Babylonian about the event. Only two details he has right: t...

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Persian Empire

The later years of the Achaemenid dynasty were marked by decay and decadence. The mightiest empire in the world collapsed in only eight years, when it fell under the attack of a young Macedonian king, Alexander the Great....

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Glory of Persia - Five Stages of Iran History

When it comes to the history of Iran, you will find five distinct stages which shaped the future of the country. Those broad stages often include the early, pre-historic, the pre-Islamic statehood, the Middle Ages, the early modern era, and modern day (recent history)....

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Persian Wars Interactive Map

The Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire in the 5th century BC. To better understand the geographical scope and key battles of these wars, an interactive map can be a valuable educational tool. The Persian Wars Interactive Map allows users to explore the major battles such as the Battle of Ma...

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The Achaemenians

The Persians achieved unity under the leadership of Achaemenes, whose descendant Cyrus brought the Achaemenian Empire onto the centre stage of world history. Cyrus was the descendant of a long line of Persian kings and should be referred to as Cyrus II, having been named after his grandfather... According to the writings of Herodotus, the last rule...

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Culture of Iran

History; Culture & Art; Celebrations; Religion; Codes of Behavior; and Gender Relations in Iran...

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Aryans

Aryans: name of the ancestors of the Persian elite of the Achaemenid empire. (Not to be confused with Arians.)...

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History of Persia

From the Medes and the Persians of 9th Century BC. Of the two main Indo-European tribes moving south into Iran, it is at first the Medes who play the dominant role. With a capital at Ecbatana (modern Hamadan), they establish themselves as powerful neighbours of Assyria. In 612 they combine with Babylon to sack the Assyrian capital at Nineveh. Their...

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Three Treaties Between Sparta and Persia

In the first phase of the Peloponnesian War, the Archidamian War, the Spartans had been unable to achieve their aim: dissolving the Delian League. However, after the catastrophic losses that Athens had suffered during the Sicilian Expedition, the balance of power had changed and Sparta renewed the war: the Decelean or Ionian War. Moreover, the Athe...

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