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Ancient Persia

History of Persia

From the Medes and the Persians of 9th Century BC. Of the two main Indo-European tribes moving south into Iran, it is at first the Medes who play the dominant role. With a capital at Ecbatana (modern Hamadan), they establish themselves as powerful neighbours of Assyria. In 612 they combine with Babylon to sack the Assyrian capital at Nineveh. Their...

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Culture of Iran

History; Culture & Art; Celebrations; Religion; Codes of Behavior; and Gender Relations in Iran...

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Aryans

Aryans: name of the ancestors of the Persian elite of the Achaemenid empire. (Not to be confused with Arians.)...

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Three Treaties Between Sparta and Persia

In the first phase of the Peloponnesian War, the Archidamian War, the Spartans had been unable to achieve their aim: dissolving the Delian League. However, after the catastrophic losses that Athens had suffered during the Sicilian Expedition, the balance of power had changed and Sparta renewed the war: the Decelean or Ionian War. Moreover, the Athe...

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Glory of Persia

The essence of Persian culture, history and civilization....

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Map of Persia

A "Map of Ancient Persia" is a cartographic representation of the historical territory that once constituted the Persian Empire, an ancient and influential civilization that existed from around 550 BCE to 330 BCE. Here's a brief description: Map of Ancient Persia: A Map of Ancient Persia is a geographical illustration that depicts the expansive emp...

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The Parthian Empire

Under Mithridates I (171-138 B.C.), the Parthians continued their conquests and annexed Media, Fars, Babylonia and Assyria, creating an empire that extended from the Euphrates to Herat in Afghanistan. This in effect was a restoration of the ancient Achaemenian Empire of Cyrus the Great....

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Earth and Water

Earth and water: symbol of surrender in the ancient Achaemenid empire. The Persian custom to demand "earth and water" from subject people is known from the Histories by the Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassus. It is tempting to think that those who surrendered gave up everything: their land and the liquids they needed. In other words, surre...

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The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550 - 330 B.C.)

The Achaemenid Persian empire was the largest that the ancient world had seen, extending from Anatolia and Egypt across western Asia to northern India and Central Asia. Its formation began in 550 B.C., when King Astyages of Media, who dominated much of Iran and eastern Anatolia (Turkey), was defeated by his southern neighbor Cyrus II ("the Great"),...

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Alexander the Great - The End of Persia

The Ten-Horned Beast? Alexander the Great "" The End of Persia Alexander the Great (*356; r. 336-323): the Macedonian king who defeated his Persian colleague Darius III Codomannus and conquered the Achaemenid Empire. During his campaigns, Alexander visited a.o. Egypt, Babylonia, Persis, Media, Bactria, the Punjab, and the valley of the Indus. In t...

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