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Ancient Persia

Achaemenid Army

After Kuroush (Cyrus) overthrew Astayges, unifying the Median and Persian tribes, with himself at the helm, he continued to expand his empire. Though Kuroush was immortalized in the bible for his great tolerance, his military genius helped him overcome many enemies in combat. He trained his soldiers through hefty routines to condition them for comb...

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Salamis - Second Persian War

The plan to stop the Persians at Thermopylae hadn't worked, and, in the late summer of 480 BC, the Persian army was marching south towards Athens. The Greeks got together to discuss what to do....

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Encyclopedia Mythica: Persian Mythology

The beliefs and practices of the culturally and linguistically related group of ancient peoples who inhabited the Iranian Plateau and its borderlands, as well as areas of Central Asia from the Black Sea to Khotan (modern Ho-t'ien, China). Much of the information about Persian (old-Iranian) gods can be found in the religious texts from Zarathustra s...

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Illustration of an Achaemenid warship

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COLOSSAL BULL HEAD

Carved in the court style typical of the Achaemenid Empire, this highly polished stone head originally belonged to one of two guardian bulls flanking the portico of the hundred-columned Throne Hall at Persepolis. The heads of the bulls projected in the round and the bodies were carved in relief on the sidewalls of the porch; the ears and horns had ...

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IRAN: Persepolis - Tomb of Artaxerxes II

(Tomb V), Upper Register and Entablature of Lower Register....

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IRAN: Naqsh-i-Rustam - Cliff with Royal Tombs

In Foreground, the Excavated Fortification Wall....

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The Persian Wars

In the 5th century BC the vast Persian Empire attempted to conquer Greece. If the Persians had succeeded, they would have set up local tyrants, called satraps, to rule Greece and would have crushed the first stirrings of democracy in Europe. The survival of Greek culture and political ideals depended on the ability of the small, disunited Greek cit...

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Ionian Revolt

In 539 BC, Cyrus the Great made himself the King of Kings, and ruled all of West Asia. Along the coast of Anatolia (modern Turkey), Cyrus conquered first the Lydians and then the Greek cities that had been dependent on Lydia (LIH-dee-uh). The people who lived in these Greek cities in Turkey were called Ionians (eye-OH-nee-anns). Cyrus and the Persi...

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Battle of Salamis

The Battle of Salamis was a pivotal naval engagement that took place in 480 BCE during the Greco-Persian Wars, specifically the Second Persian invasion of Greece. This battle was a critical moment in ancient history, significantly impacting the course of Western civilization. Here's a brief description: Historical Context: The Battle of Salamis occ...

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