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Ancient Persia

Persian Mythology, Gods & Goddesses - Part 1

Persian mythology is a rich and complex tradition that dates back centuries. It is a pantheon of gods and goddesses who represent the forces of nature, the cosmos, and the human condition. The chief god of the Persian pantheon is Ahura Mazda, the god of wisdom, light, and good. He is opposed by Angra Mainyu, the god of darkness and evil. Ahura Mazd...

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Sunken Persian Warships

University of Colorado archaeologist, colleagues hot on the trail of ancient Persian warships Most useful research tool an octopus. CU-Boulder's Robert Hohlfelder enters the manned Thetis submersible submarine off the northern coast of Greece last October in search of sunken Persian warships. An international research team including a University o...

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KRATER WITH IBEXES

The geographical term "Susiana," referring to the area ruled in the historical period by the city of Susa, is also applied to the prehistoric cultures of lowland southwestern Iran. Representational designs such as the stylized wild goats with long sweeping horns painted beneath the rim of this krater are characteristic for an advanced stage of the ...

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IRAN: Persepolis - Unfinished Tomb of Darius III

General View with Persepolis Terrace in the Distance....

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Relief of Gobryas (Darius Tomb)

IRAN: Naqsh-i-Rustam - Tomb of Darius I. Relief of Gobryas on the Left Frame, Top Register....

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Alexander Defeats the Persians, 331 BC

Alexander began his war against the Persians in 334 BC. At the time the Macedonian leader was twenty-two years old. At his death eleven years later, Alexander ruled the largest empire of the ancient world. His victory at the battle of Gaugamela on the Persian plains was a decisive conquest that insured the defeat of his Persian rival King Darius II...

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Battle of Cunaxa 410 B.C.

The Achaemenid King, Darius II died in 404 B.C. and was succeeded by his eldest son, Artaxerxes II. The death of Darius had precipitated a power struggle between Artaxerxes II and his brother, 'Cyrus, the younger', the satrap of Anatolia, which culminated in the battle of Cunaxa 401 B.C. near Babylon. A description of the battle is preserved in det...

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Iran Bull Head

This dark grey limestone bull head, over six feet tall, was one of a pair of statues which flanked the entrance to the Throne Hall at Persepolis. The body of the bull, which was carved in relief on the wall of the portico, was left at the site. In preparation for its installation in the gallery, the subfloor was reinforced, and "I" beams were insta...

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Persian Wars of Conquest

B.C. 550-512. Persian Empire versus Medes, Lydia, Babylon, Egypt and Scythia. The Persian Empire was the great rival of Ancient Greece during its Golden Age. It came to prominence under Cyrus the Great in 550 B.C., and lasted until it was overthrown by the Macedonians under Alexander the Great in 331 B.C.. During this period, Persia was the largest...

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Demons in Ancient Iranian Literature

Iran Chamber Society: A Mythological Glance at Demons in Ancient Iranian Literature The Book of Kings (Shahnameh) has it that during the rule of the legendary king of Persian, Jamshid, demons worked as engineers and architects to build bathhouses, bridges and houses. As one can understand from Firdawsi's poems, demons were like humans or those wit...

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