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Ancient Persia

Kingdoms of Persia

The Persians (or Parsu) were a grouping of Indo-Europeans who settled to the east of ancient Elam during the period of instability and migration which occurred throughout the Middle East between 1200-900 BC, when other tribal groups such as the Aramaeans and the Sea Peoples were causing chaos further west. The Persian capital until 559 BC was Pasar...

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Cyrus

Cyrus (Old Persian Kuruš; Hebrew Kores): founder of the Achaemenid empire. He was born about 600 BCE as the son of Cambyses I, the king of the Persian kingdom called Anšan. During Cambyses' reign, the Persians were vassals of the Median leader Astyages....

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Cyaxares

Cyaxares (Persian Uvakhšatara, Akkadian Umakištar): name of a king of the Medes, who may have reigned from c.625 to c.585. The only narrative about the reign of Cyaxares can be found in the first book of the Histories by the Greek researcher Herodotus (c.480-c.429). He writes that the Median leader Phraortes....

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Darius II Nothus

Darius II Nothus: Achaemenid king of the Persian Empire, ruled from 423 to 404....

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Parthian Rulers Index

In main, the chronologies of Frye [The History of Ancient Iran (1984), pp. 209ff, 360] and Sellwood [An Introduction to the Coinage of Parthia, 1980, 2nd ed.] are followed with some modification. Specific changes include revisions to the early kings following Koshelenko's theory of descent based on information found in the Parthian ostraca of Nisa....

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Stone relief from palace of Persopolis

This typical Persian motif draws it wings and central ring from Egyptian and Mesopotamian prototypes. Traditional view is that the figure represents Ahura Mazda...

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Immortal infantry - Lancer and Archer

Frieze of glazed tiles showing Immortal infantry. A lancer and archer....

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Persepolis fortification tablets

Persepolis fortification tablets: large collection of ancient Persian cuneiform administrative texts, written between 506 and 497 BCE. They are one of the most important sources for the study of the administration of the Achaemenid empire. Persepolis was one of the capitals of the ancient Persian empire, founded by king Darius I the Great in 518 BC...

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Cyrus the Great

Cyrus the Great (ca.600 - 529 BCE) was a towering figure in the history of mankind. As the "father of the Iranian nation", he was the first world leader to be referred to as "The Great". Cyrus founded the first world empire - and the second Iranian dynastic empire (the Achaemenids) - after defeating the Median dynasty and uniting the Medes with the...

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A Timeline of the Persians

Throughout history, the Persians have played a significant role in shaping the world. Their civilization dates back thousands of years and has left a lasting impact on art, culture, and politics. Let's take a journey through time with this timeline of the Persians. 550-330 BCE: The Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Empire, founded by Cyrus the Grea...

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