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Ancient Persia

Head from a statue of an archer

From the walls of the palace at Persepolis. Typical AchÃ"menid aesthetic interest in repeated patterns....

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The Cyrus Cylinder - Translation

The Cyrus Cylinder was discovered in 1879 and rapidly became one of the most famous cuneiform texts, as it seemed to confirm that the Persian conqueror Cyrus the Great had allowed the Jews to return from their Babylonian Exile. Although this is a bit exaggerated (more...), it remains an interesting text....

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A Chronology of Persian History

From the dawn of history Persia has preserved its individuality while influencing the art, architecture and culture of other countries. This chronology catalogues and compares Iran's colourful history with that of the rest of the world from 4000 BC to modern times....

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Ancient Persia People

Ancient Persia, also known as the Persian Empire, was a powerful civilization in Western Asia that existed from approximately 550-330 BCE. The people of Ancient Persia, known as the Persians, were known for their rich culture, advanced technology, and military prowess. The Persians were skilled in various arts and crafts, including pottery, metalw...

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Cambyses

Cambyses was the oldest son of Cyrus the Great, the first king of the Achaemenid empire (559-530). The name of Cambyses' mother is not known. The Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassus calls her Cassandane, but Ctesias of Cnidus states she was Amytis, the daughter of the last king of independent Media, Astyages. Cyrus' career was dazzling. In ...

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Artaxerxes I

History of Iran: Artaxerxes I Artaxerxes (ArtÃ-khshatra) Ardashir-e DerÃ-z-Dast. The first Artaxerxes (465 - 425 BCE), among all the kings of Persia (Achaemanian Empire) the most remarkable for a gentle and noble spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was the son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am...

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Alexander the Great

He was king of Macedonia and one of the greatest generals in history... He conquered much of what was then the civilized world. Alexander brought Greek ideas and the Greek way of doing things to all the countries he conquered. This great general and king made possible the broadly developed culture of the Hellenistic Age....

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Palace of Cyrus Stone Relief

Stone relief from doorway of Cyrus' palace at Pasargadae A winged figure, probably a protective spirit of the royal household. The crown resembles a Near Eastern figure that wards off evil spirits....

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Soldiers from the Ten Thousand Immortals

Glazed tile relief showing soldiers from the Ten Thousand Immortals. This imperial guard was an elite force made up of trustworthy ethnic Persians. From the Achaemenid winter palace at Susa, Elam. 520-500 B.C. (Paris: Louvre)...

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Avesta

Avesta: the holy book of Zoroastrianism, the Iranian religion that was founded by the legendary Bactrian prophet Zarathustra. Like the Bible, the Avesta (sometimes incorrectly called Zend-Avesta) is actually a library, containing different sacred texts which were written during a very long period in different languages. A difference with the Bible ...

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