B.C.
500 Sun Tzu (unknown Chinese authors) write The Art of War
500 Celts settle from Italy to Ireland
500 Pericles of Athens is born
500 Joel is a prophet in Judah
500 Malachi is a prophet in Judah
499 Ionian War (revolt from Persia)
496 Rome defeats the Latin tribes at Lake Regillus
496 Sophocles (tragedian) is born
495 Alexander I rules over Macedonia
494 The first victory of the plebeian class over the patricians for more power
494 Tribunate established in Rome
493 Rome and Latin League make a treaty for protection against Etruscans
492 Persians set to defeat Athens but crippled by a storm
491 Ajatasatru takes control of the Ganges basin
490 Darius I defeated by the Greeks at Marathon
490 Persian Wars
485 Birth of Herodotus
480 Confucious (Chinese philosopher) dies
496 Euripides (tragedian) is born
486 Xerxes demands tribute from Greece but is refused
480 Xerxes invades Greece with 180,000 men, wins at Thermopylae
480 Persians suffer defeats by the Greeks
480 Warring States period begins in China
479 More Persian defeats by the Greeks at Salamis, Plataea and Mycale
478 The Delian Confederacy is established
474 Carthaginians defeat the Etruscans in a naval battle at Cumae
471 Naxo tries to leave the Delian League but is stopped by Athens
469 Birth of Socrates (famous philosopher)
465 Xerxes is murdered and artaxerxes comes to power
460 Birth of Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine
460 Birth of Thucydides (historian)
460 Age of Pericles in Athens
457 Aristophanes (comedic writer) is born
457 First Pelopennesian war between Athens and Sparta
452 Wars over succession following the death of Alexander I in Macedonia
450 Laws of the Twelve Tables codified and published in Rome
450 Herodotus (the father of history) visits Egypt
450 Rome begins to found colonies in Italy
450 Carthage establishes new trading posts along the African coastline
449 Sacred War between Athens and Sparta over the Oracle of Delphi
447 The construction of the Parthenon begins
443 Office of the Censor is created in Rome
443 Pericles leads Athens and the 10 generals
431 Second Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta
430 Epidemic of plagues in Athens (Pericles dies in it)
429 Birth of Plato (philosopher, student of Socrates)
424 Thucydides is exiled from Athens
424 Xerxes II is assassinated
424 Darius II rules Persia
413 Athens attacks Sicily and fail
409 Carthage invades Sicily
407 Plato becomes the pupil of Socrates
405 Egypt overthrows Persian rule
404 Athens surrenders to Sparta to end the Peloponnesian War
404 Sparta becomes the most powerful city-state
401 Sparta goes to war with Persia
401 Cyrus the Younger rebels in Persia, but is defeated by Artaxerxes II at Cunoxa
400 Greeks under Xenophone are defeated at Cunaxa, Retreat of the 10,000