General

The Late Roman Empire: The Barracks Emperors

The Late Roman Empire was a period marked by instability and rapid turnover of emperors. Known as the Barracks Emperors, these rulers came to power through military might rather than through hereditary succession or political appointment. During the 3rd century AD, the Roman Empire faced numerous challenges, including invasions, civil wars, econom...

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Constantine the Great

Constantine the Great, also known as Flavius Valerius Constantinus, was a Roman emperor who ruled from 306 to 337 AD. He is perhaps best known for being the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity and for playing a crucial role in the Edict of Milan, which proclaimed religious tolerance throughout the empire. Born in 272 AD in Naissus, Moes...

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The Roman Army in the Late Republic and Early Empire

The Roman Army played a pivotal role in the success and expansion of the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. During the late Republic and early Empire periods, the Roman Army underwent significant transformations that shaped its structure and effectiveness. One of the key developments during this time was the professionalization of the Roma...

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Roman Children

As soon as a child was born, it was laid at its father's feet. If he raised the child in his arms, he was acknowledging as his own and admitting it to all rights and privileges of membership in a Roman family. If he did not take it out, the child was an outcast, without family or protection. If a child was to be disposed of, it was exposed; that is...

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Roofs Over Rome: How Ancient Romans Built and Replaced Their Roofs

“To dwell under a Roman roof was to live beneath centuries of innovation.” When we think of Ancient Rome, we often picture marble temples and grand arenas — but behind every bustling street was a city full of homes, and over every home was a roof. These roofs weren’t just shelter — they reflected Roman engineering, social class, and evolving techno...

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TRAJAN'S ROME: The Man, the City, the Empire

Produced in conjunction with the Getty Education Institute for the Arts, this unit's six lessons use both primary source texts and the visual arts to situate Roman art in a broader context of social, cultural, and political meaning. Grades 6""9. National Center for History in the Schools, 139 pages....

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Architectural Basics: The Roman Arch

Architectural Basics: The Roman Arch The Roman arch is a fundamental architectural element that has been used for centuries to provide both structural support and aesthetic appeal in buildings. Its innovative design allowed the ancient Romans to construct grand structures such as aqueducts, bridges, and amphitheaters that have stood the test of ti...

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Antiqua Medicina: Surgery

Surgery and Surgical Instruments. Recovered surgical instruments used during the Roman Empire indicate that the art of surgery progressed and proliferated greatly during this time. Both Galen and Celsus emphasized the importance of surgery in the training of the conscientious physician, although they came from divergent medical traditions (Celsus, ...

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Roman Names

Roman names provide a fascinating glimpse into ancient Roman culture and society. Unlike modern naming conventions, a Roman name typically consisted of three parts: the praenomen, nomen, and cognomen. The praenomen was the first name given to an individual and was used by close family and friends. It was a very limited pool of names, with only abo...

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Scipio Africanus Personality

Scipio Africanus : Princeps (200 - 190 BCE). "It was said that the people had once been rebuked by Scipio for wishing tomake him consul for an indefinite period and dictator; that he had forbidden the erection of statues to himself in the Comitium, on the Rostra, in the Curia, on the Capitol, in the shrine of Jupiter; that he had also forbidden a d...

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