Mule
And so shall be the plague of the horse, of the mule, of the
camel, and of the ass, and of all the beasts that shall be in
these tents, as this plague.
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And the servants of Absalom did unto Amnon as Absalom had
commanded. Then all the king's sons arose, and every man gat
him up upon his mule, and fled.
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So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the
son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went
down, and caused Solomon to ride upon king David's mule, and
brought him to Gihon.
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mul (peredh (1 Ki 10:25; 18:5; Ezr 2:66; Isa 66:20; Zec
14:15), the feminine pirdah (1 Ki 1:33,38,44), rekhesh,
"swift steeds," the King James Version "mules" (Est
8:10,14), 'achashteranim, "used in the king's service," the
King James Version "camels," the Revised Version margin
"mules" (Est 8:10,14), yemim, "hot springs," the King James
Version "mules" (Gen 36:24); hemionos, "half-ass," "mule" (1
Esdras 5:43; Judith 15:11)): Mules are mentioned as riding
animals for princes (2 Sam 13:29; 18:9; 1 Ki 1:33,38,44); in
the tribute brought to Solomon (2 Ch 9:24); as beasts of
burden (2 Ki 5:17; 1 Ch 12:40); horses and mules are
obtained from the "house of Togarmah" in the distant north
(Ezek 27:14). The injunction of Ps 32:9, "Be ye not as the
horse, or as the mule, which have no understanding," need
not be understood as singling out the horse and mule as more
in need of guidance than the rest of the brute creation, but
rather as offering familiar examples to contrast with man
who should use his intelligence.
At the present day mules are used as pack animals and for
drawing freight wagons, rarely for riding. One does not
often see in Israel mules as large and fine as are common in
Europe and America. This may be because most of the mares
and many of the donkeys are small.
Alfred Ely Day
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-Uses of
For royal riders
2Sa 13:29; 18:9; 1Ki 1:33
Ridden by phetic vision of the kingdom of Christ
Isa 66:20
As pack animals
2Ki 5:17; 1Ch 12:40
-Tribute paid in
1Ki 10:25
-Used in barter
Eze 27:14
-By the captivity in returing from Babylon
Ezr 2:66; Ne 7:68
-In war
Zec 14:15
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a hybrid animal, the offspring of a horse and an ass. "The
mule is smaller than the horse, and is a remarkably hardy,
patient, obstinate, sure-footed animal, living, ordinarily,
twice as long as a horse." --McClintock and Strong's
Cyclopedia. It was forbidden to the Israelites to breed mules,
but sometimes they imported them. It would appear that only
kings and great men rode on mules. We do not read of mules at
all in the New Testament; perhaps therefore they had ceased to
be imported.
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(Heb. pered), so called from the quick step of the animal or
its
power of carrying loads. It is not probable that the
Hebrews
bred mules, as this was strictly forbidden in the
law (Lev.
19:19), although their use was not forbidden. We
find them in
common use even by kings and nobles (2 Sam. 18:9; 1
Kings 1:33;
2 Kings 5:17; Ps. 32:9). They are not mentioned,
however, till
the time of David, for the word rendered "mules"
(R.V.
correctly, "hot springs") in Gen. 36:24 (yemim)
properly denotes
the warm springs of Callirhoe, on the eastern shore
of the Dead
Sea. In David's reign they became very common (2
Sam. 13:29; 1
Kings 10:25).
Mules are not mentioned in the New Testament.
Perhaps they had
by that time ceased to be used in Israel.
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1. Pered. Not mentioned until David's time, when Israel
became more familiar with horses (1 Chronicles 12:40; 2
Samuel 13:29; 2 Samuel 18:9). Used for riding only by
persons of rank (1 Kings 1:33). As breeding from different
species was forbidden (Leviticus 19:19), mules must have
been imported. An Egyptian monument from Thebes in British
Museum represents them yoked to a chariot. The people of
Togarmah (Armenia) brought them to Tyre for barter (Ezekiel
27:14). They were part of the "presents" from "the kings of
the earth" to Solomon, "a rate year by year" (2 Chronicles
9:23-24). In these ways they came into Israel (1 Kings
18:5). In Ezra 2:66; Nehemiah 7:68. the mules on the return
from Babylon amounted to 245; but the horses about three
times as many, 736; so that the mule was then, as we find in
the Greek classics, rarer and more precious.
2. Rechesh is translated "mules," Esther 8:10;
Esther 8:14; but in 1 Kings 4:28 "DROMEDARIES" Micah 1:13,
"swift beasts." (See CAMEL.)
3. Yeemim. Genesis 36:24 translated rather "Anah
that found the hot springs," so the Vulgate version; the
Samaritan text has "the Emim." Callirrhoe in the wady Zerka
Maein is thought to be Anah's hot springs.
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Mule. - In spite of the enactment of the Law (Leviticus 19:19), the Israelites early in the course of their history possessed mules; these animals, in a hilly region such as the Holy Land, were for many purposes preferable to horses and stronger than asses; they were employed both for domestic and warlike use.
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