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Plan of the water system (Hazor)

The entrance to the tunnel is situated at the western edge of the shaft bottom. The tunnel itself runs south-west for approximately 25m, sloping down gradually to the water level. The vaulted ceiling of the tunnel is some 4m high. The total depth of the shaft and the tunnel is about 40m. Hazor was an ancient Canaanite and Israelite city located in ...

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The "ibni" tablet (Hazor)

A letter sent to Ibni (-addu?) king of Hazor (18th century BCE). Found in the vicinity of the Canaanite Palace. Hazor was an ancient Canaanite and Israelite city located in the north of modern day Israel. Recent archaeological excavations have revealed how important this city was in antiquity. [The Hazor Excavations]...

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Aqueduct (France)

Pont du Gard, near Nîmes (Roman Nemausus), France. This aqueduct bridge, erected in 19 B.C., carried an estimated 30,000 cubic meters of water daily across the Gardon river. The entire aqueduct stretched 50 kilometers from the water source near Uzès to the Roman city of Nemausus. After crossing the Pont du Gard (at a height of 49 meters), the wat...

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Marble obelisk, Istanbul

Marble obelisk, Istanbul (ancient Byzantium, later Constantinople), Turkey. This Roman obelisk was erected in Byzantium along the spina (the long, low wall running down the middle of a racecourse, usually decorated with monuments) of the Hippodrome of Severus (the modern Atmeidan) and was originally covered in bronze plates. Note the presence of si...

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Castlerigg Stone Circle

Castlerigg Stone Circle, near Keswick, England. This cromlech, or stone circle, dates from the bronze age. © Craig R. Bina [Images] [Archaeology]...

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Port (Italy) (with Roman Road)

Excavations in Classe (Roman Classis) near Ravenna, Italy. This Roman road runs beside the harbor canal of the Roman port of Classis. The canal was constructed circa 25 B.C. to join Classis, the port of the city of Ravenna, to the estuary of the river Po in an attempt to combat the continual silting up of the harbor. Formation of mudflats by siltin...

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Hypocausts (Italy)

Hypocausts, Fiesole (Roman Faesulae), near Firenze, Italy. These large brick conduits, or hypocausts, carried heated air beneath the floors of this Roman bath complex in the formerly Etruscan town of Faesulae. © 1996 Craig R. Bina [Images] [Archaeology]...

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Harbor, Efes (ancient Ephesus), near Selçuk, Turkey

Harbor, Efes (ancient Ephesus), near Selçuk, Turkey. The harbor environs of the Roman city of Ephesus, as viewed from the slopes of Mt. Pion, illustrate the silting up of what was a major Roman port. The colonnaded avenue, the Arcadiana, ends at the edge of the harbor proper, but the modern coastline has receded into the distance. The shifting del...

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A milliarium (Roman Milestone),

Barca da Mó, near Caldas do Gerês, Portugal. This Hadrianic milestone is one of several in place along the Roman military road to Bracara Augusta (modern Braga). © 1993 Craig R. Bina [Images] [Archaeology]...

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Roman Water Pipes, Arles (Roman Arelate), France

A battery of these lead pipes transported a portion of the water supply of the Roman city of Arelate across the broad bed of the swift river Rhône. © 1995 Craig R. Bina [Images] [Archaeology]...

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