Trajan in Wikipedia
Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (18 September 53 – 9 August
117), commonly known as Trajan, was Roman Emperor from 98 to
117. Born into a non-patrician family in the province of
Hispania Baetica,[1] Trajan rose to prominence during the
reign of emperor Domitian. Serving as a general in the Roman
army along the German frontier, Trajan successfully put down
the revolt of Antonius Saturninus in 89. In September 96,
Domitian was succeeded by Marcus Cocceius Nerva, an old and
childless senator who proved to be unpopular with the army.
After a brief and tumultuous year in power, a revolt by
members of the Praetorian Guard compelled him to adopt the
more popular Trajan as his heir and successor. Nerva died on
27 January 98, and was succeeded by his adopted son without
incident.
As a civilian administrator, Trajan is best known for his
extensive public building program which reshaped the city of
Rome and left multiple enduring landmarks such as Trajan's
Forum, Trajan's Market and Trajan's Column. Early in his
reign he annexed the Nabataean kingdom, creating the
province of Arabia Petraea. His conquest of Dacia enriched
the empire greatly - the new province possessed many
valuable gold mines. His war against the Parthian Empire
ended with the sack of the capital Ctesiphon and the
annexation of Armenia and Mesopotamia. His campaigns
expanded the Roman Empire to its greatest territorial
extent. In late 117 while sailing back to Rome, Trajan fell
ill and died of a stroke in the city of Selinus. He was
deified by the Senate and his ashes were laid to rest under
Trajan's Column. He was succeeded by his adopted son
Hadrian.
As an emperor, Trajan's reputation has endured - he is one
of the few rulers whose reputation has survived nineteen
centuries. Every new emperor after him was honoured by the
Senate with the prayer felicior Augusto, melior Traiano,
meaning "may he be luckier than Augustus and better than
Trajan". Among medieval Christian theologians, Trajan was
considered a virtuous pagan, while the 18th century
historian Edward Gibbon popularized the notion of the Five
Good Emperors, of which Trajan was the second...
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