The Hasmonean Kingdon - The Maccabees - 100 BCE

The Hasmonean Kingdom, also known as the Maccabean Kingdom, was a Jewish state that existed during the Second Temple period from 140 BCE to 37 BCE. It was established by the Maccabees, a Jewish rebel group led by Judah Maccabee, who successfully revolted against the Seleucid Empire. The Maccabean Revolt, which began in 167 BCE, was sparked by the oppressive policies of the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who sought to suppress Jewish religious practices. The revolt culminated in the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, an event commemorated by the festival of Hanukkah. After achieving independence, the Maccabees established the Hasmonean Dynasty, with Simon Maccabee becoming the first ruler to take the title of high priest and king. The Hasmonean Kingdom expanded its territory, including parts of modern-day Israel, Jordan, and Lebanon. The Hasmonean Kingdom faced internal strife and external threats, including conflicts with neighboring kingdoms and internal power struggles. Despite its military successes, the kingdom's rulers faced challenges in maintaining stability and unity among the diverse Jewish population. The Hasmonean Kingdom came to an end when Herod the Great, a client king appointed by the Roman Senate, captured Jerusalem in 37 BCE. Herod's reign marked the beginning of Roman rule in Judea and the eventual destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. The legacy of the Hasmonean Kingdom and the Maccabees remains significant in Jewish history, symbolizing the struggle for religious freedom and national identity. The story of the Maccabees continues to inspire Jews around the world, especially during the celebration of Hanukkah, which commemorates the triumph of the small band of rebels against a mighty empire.