Pre-Socratic Philosophy

Pre-Socratic philosophy refers to the period of ancient Greek philosophy before Socrates, who lived in the 5th century BCE. This era is characterized by the works of thinkers such as Thales, Anaximander, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides, and many others who laid the foundation for Western philosophy.

One of the key features of Pre-Socratic philosophy is its focus on cosmology and the natural world. Pre-Socratic thinkers sought to understand the fundamental principles that govern the universe, often through the lens of metaphysics and cosmogony. For example, Thales believed that water was the basic substance of all things, while Pythagoras posited that numbers were the essence of reality.

Another important aspect of Pre-Socratic philosophy is its method of inquiry. These early philosophers used rationality and observation to explain natural phenomena, paving the way for the scientific method. Their emphasis on reason and logic marked a shift from mythological explanations towards more systematic and critical thinking.

Despite the diversity of thought among Pre-Socratic philosophers, they shared a common goal of seeking knowledge and understanding the world around them. Their contributions set the stage for the development of Western philosophy and continue to influence philosophical discourse to this day.