Hermagoras in Wikipedia

Hermagoras may refer to: Hermagoras of Amphipolis Hermagoras of Amphipolis (Greek: Ἑρμαγόρας ὁ Ἀμφιπολίτης) (3rd century BC) was a Stoic philosopher, student of Cypriot Persaeus, in the court of Antigonus II Gonatas. He wrote several dialogues, among them a Misokyōn (Μισοκύων, Dog-hater, Cynic-hater); one volume On Misfortunes; Έκχυτος Ekchytos (about egg-divining); On Sophistry addressed to the Academics.[1] None of his works are known to survive. Hermagoras of Temnos Hermagoras (Greek Ερμαγόρας, fl. 1st century BC), of Temnos, was a Ancient Greek rhetorician of the Rhodian school and teacher of rhetoric in Rome. He appears to have tried to excel as an orator (or rather declaimer) as well as a teacher of rhetoric.[1][2] But it is especially as a teacher of rhetoric that he is known to us. The members of his school, among whom numbered the jurist Titus Accius, called themselves Hermagorei. Hermagoras's chief opponent was Posidonius of Rhodes, who is said to have contended with him in argument in the presence of Pompey.[3] He devoted particular attention to what is called inventio, and made a peculiar division of the parts of an oration, which differed from that adopted by other rhetoricians.[4] Cicero opposes his system,[5] but Quintilian defends it,[6] though in some parts the latter censures what Cicero approves of.[7][8] But in his eagerness to systematize the parts of an oration, he was said to have entirely lost sight of the practical point of view from which oratory must be regarded.[9][10] He appears to have been the author of several works which are lost: the Suda mentions Ρητορικαί, Περί εξεργασίας, Περί φράσεως, Περί σχημάτων, and Περί πρέποντος,[11] although perhaps some or all of these should be attributed to his younger namesake, Hermagoras Carion, the pupil of Theodorus of Gadara. Hermagoras of Aquileia Saint Hermagoras of Aquileia (also spelled Hermenagoras, Hermogenes, Ermacoras) (Italian: Sant'Ermagora; died c. 70 AD) is considered the first bishop of Aquileia, northern Italy. Christian tradition states that he was chosen by Saint Mark to serve as the leader of the nascent Christian community in Aquileia, and that he was consecrated bishop by Saint Peter. Hermagoras and his deacon Fortunatus evangelized the area but were eventually arrested by Sebastius, a representative of Nero. They were tortured and beheaded. Veneration "Hermagoras" was always listed as the name of the first bishop of Aquileia. Hermagoras was probably a bishop or lector of the second half of the third century or at the beginnings of the fourth.[1] However, because the name or origins of the very first bishop was not known, Aquileian traditions, arising in the eighth century, made Hermagoras a bishop of the apostolic age, who had been consecrated by Saint Peter himself.[2] As Hippolyte Delehaye writes, "To have lived amongst the Saviour's immediate following was...honorable...and accordingly old patrons of churches were identified with certain persons in the gospels or who were supposed to have had some part of Christ's life on earth."[1] Thus, false apostolic origins were ascribed to Hermagoras and the church at Aquileia. The tradition that Fortunatus was Hermagoras' deacon is also probably apocryphal, but a Christian named Fortunatus may have been a separate martyr at Aquileia.[3] Hermagoras and Fortunatus may have been martyrs of Singidunum (Belgrade) who were killed there around 304 AD during the persecutions of Diocletian.[4] Hermagoras, or Hermogenes, was a lector of Singidunum and Fortunatus was a deacon. Their relics may have been brought to Aquileia a century later, and that city became the center of their cult. And it was at Aquileia that their apostolic origins were created.[5] Aquileia was one of the first cities in which the Christianity could be practiced unhindered; the Patriarch of Aquileia was after the bishop of Rome the second most important person of the Western Church.[6] Saint Ermagora by Matteo Giovannetti, about 1345. Gold and tempera on panel, 55 x 18 cm. Venice, Museo Correr Their feast day was recorded as July 12, which is recorded in the Roman Martyrology, the Church of Aquileia, and in other Churches. However, Venantius Fortunatus does not mention Hermagoras in his works, but mentions the name of Fortunatus twice: once in a life of Saint Martin: Ac Fortunati benedictam urnam, and the second time in his Miscellanea: Et Fortunatum fert Aquileiam suum.[7] The Martyrologium Hieronymianum mentions Hermagoras, but in corrupted form: Armageri, Armagri, Armigeri. However, there is additional confusion, as the Martyrologium Hieronymianum also lists "sanctorum Fortunate Hermogenis" under August 22 or 23.[8] The Bollandists considered this simply a repetition of the same saints. [9] However, the cult of Saint Felix and Saint Fortunatus of Aquileia were also mentioned in calendars for August 14.[10] Hermagoras featured on the coat-of-arms of Hermagor Hermagoras' name survives in the Carinthian city of Hermagor. His cult was also popular in Udine, Gorizia and Gurk. The basilica of Aquileia today contains 12th-century frescoes, one of which depicts Hermagoras and Saint Peter.[11]