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shalman Summary and Overview

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shalman in Easton's Bible Dictionary

an Assyrian king (Hos. 10:14), identified with Shalmaneser II. (Sayce) or IV. (Lenormant), the successor of Pul on the throne of Assyria (B.C. 728). He made war against Hoshea, the king of Israel, whom he subdued and compelled to pay an annual tribute. Hoshea, however, soon after rebelled against his Assyrian conquerer. Shalmaneser again marched against Samaria, which, after a siege of three years, was taken (2 Kings 17:3-5; 18:9) by Sargon (q.v.). A revolution meantime had broken out in Assyria, and Shalmaneser was deposed. Sargon usurped the vacant throne. Schrader thinks that this is probably the name of a king of Moab mentioned on an inscription of Tiglath-pileser as Salamanu.

shalman in Smith's Bible Dictionary

(fire-worshipper), a contraction for Shalmaneser king of Assyria. #Ho 10:14| Others think it the name of an obscure Assyrian king, predecessor of Pul.

shalman in Schaff's Bible Dictionary

SHAL'MAN , the name of an Assyrian king before Pul. Hos 10:14. The ordinary opinion, that it is a contraction for "Shalmaneser," seems to be incorrect.

shalman in Fausset's Bible Dictionary

SHALMANESER. Hosea 10:14 the 'eser common to Shalman with three other Assyrian kings is omitted, Tiglath Pil-eser, Esar-haddon, and Sharezer. No monuments of Shalman remain, because Sargon his successor, an usurper, destroyed them. The Assyrian canon agrees with Scripture in making Shalman king directly after Tiglath Pileser. Menander of Ephesus spoke of his warring in southern Syria and besieging Tyre five years (Josephus, Ant. 9:14). (See HOSHEA; SARGON.) Hoshea king of Israel revolted; then, on Shalman coming up against him, became his tributary servant, but conspired in dependence on So of Egypt, and withheld tribute. Shalman a second time invaded the Holy Land (723 B.C.). As Sargon claims the capture of Samaria he must have ended what Shalman began. Scripture (1 Kings 17:3-6, the general expression "the king of Assyria," and 1 Kings 18:9-10, "they took it,") accords with this: "Shalman spoiled Beth Arbel in the day of battle." G. Smith states that tablets prove the S.E. palace at Nimrud to be that of Shalmaneser, 860 B.C.