Ne 11:3-36. THEIR NAMES.

      3. the chief of the province--that is, Judea. Nehemiah speaks of it, as it then was, a small appendix of the Persian empire.
      in the cities of Judah dwelt every one in his possession in their cities--The returned exiles, who had come from Babylon, repaired generally, and by a natural impulse, to the lands and cities throughout the country which had been anciently assigned them.
      Israel--This general name, which designated the descendants of Jacob before the unhappy division of the two kingdoms under Rehoboam, was restored after the captivity, the Israelites being then united with the Jews, and all traces of their former separation being obliterated. Although the majority of the returned exiles belonged to the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, they are here called Israel because a large number out of all the tribes were now intermingled, and these were principally the occupiers of the rural villages, while none but those of Judah and Benjamin resided in Jerusalem.
      the Levites--These took possession of the cities allotted to them according as they had opportunity.
      the Nethinims--A certain order of men, either Gibeonites or persons joined with them, who were devoted to the service of God.

JFB.