31. bitterness--both of spirit and of speech: opposed to "kind."
wrath--passion for a time: opposed to "tender-hearted." Whence
BENGEL translates for "wrath," harshness.
anger--lasting resentment: opposed to "forgiving one another."
clamour--compared by CHRYSOSTOM to a horse carrying anger for its
rider: "Bridle the horse, and you dismount its rider." "Bitterness"
begets "wrath"; "wrath," "anger"; "anger," "clamor"; and "clamor," the
more chronic "evil-speaking," slander, insinuations, and surmises of
evil. "Malice" is the secret root of all: "fires fed within, and not
appearing to by-standers from without, are the most formidable"
[CHRYSOSTOM].
JFB.
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