1599 Geneva Bible (GNV)
The Geneva Bible: A Cornerstone of English Protestantism A Testament to Reform The 1599 Geneva Bible... Read More
Deut 8:7-9 "For the LORD thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys and hills; A land of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates; a land of oil olive, and honey; A land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack any thing in it; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass."
In the Bible bronze is the Hebrew word "nechoshet" and the Greek word "chalchos." During Bible times bronze was an alloy of copper and tin and was used to an enormous extent. Bronze is derived from the Italian "bronzo", and was introduced into the English language during the 18th century to distinguish it from brass, copper, and other metals.
At the present time the term brass is applied to an alloy of copper and zinc or of copper, zinc and tin. The word translated "brass" in the King James Version would be more correctly translated bronze, since the alloy used was copper and tin (Ex 27:4). In some Scriptures copper is meant (Deut 8:9).
In ancient Israel there was no such metal known as brass. The one Hebrew word for copper and bronze was rendered brass by the King James translators because at that time the word bronze had not yet been introduced into the English language. Brass is an alloy of copper and tin. It is a word of old English origin and cannot be found in any other language. It appears in the English Bible, referring to either pure copper or to an alloy of copper and tin.
Ancient Palestine was not in the habit of producing metals, but rather obtained them from the surrounding lands. They obtained copper from the Edomites who were located in the South, and they obtained tin from the Phoenicians, who got it from Tarshish, apparently Spain. Bronze, being an artificial alloy, was known in Egypt in at least 1600 BC. It was probably known in Europe still earlier (2000 BC).
Bronze was probably of European origin and was carried to Egypt. At a later period the Egyptians made the alloy themselves, bringing their copper from Sinai, Cyprus or northern Syria, and their tin from the Balkan regions or from Spain or the British Isles.
There has been a great interest recently among scholars as to the source of the tin which was used so frequently in the manufacturing of the ancient bronzes, mainly because tin occurs in only a few localities. The bronze articles that were manufactured in the Punic (Phoenician) cities and colonies were exported all over the world in exchange for the products of every region, to enhance the wealth of Tyre and Carthage. There have been numerous discoveries of ancient copper works throughout the ancient world. The zinc mines at Laurium, in Greece, were extensively worked in ancient times.
In Deut. 8:9 Moses describing the Promised Land said:
"it is a Land whom stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass."
Also Job tells a parable saying:
"surely there is a vein for the silver, and a place for gold with a fine it, iron is taken out of the earth and brass is molten out of the stone" (Job 28:1-2).
The Bible also records in Ezra 8:27 that when Ezra journeyed from Babylon to Jerusalem to repair the city he brought with him:
"two vessels of fine copper, precious as gold."
When the Children of Israel came into the promised land, they found the Canaanites already skilled in the making and use of bronze instruments. The ancient Israelites used copper in many different ways, Among the most common were: weapons, knives, nails, lamps, hand mirrors, locks, works of art, and sacred vessels and later stamped coins. There was a vast amount of copper used in the construction of Solomon's temple.
When the children of Israel were asked to give in the building of the Tabernacle (the temporary tent that Yahweh would dwell in) they gave from what they had received from the spoils given them by the Egyptians, and they had given so much that they were commanded to stop giving. Out of the abundance of what they gave was Bronze. A total of 6,700 lbs. of bronze was given. The main use for bronze was in the tabernacle furniture within the outer court, in the places where exceptional strength and heat resistance was important. Bronze has a melting point of 1,985 degrees. Since the altar was a place where intense heat was present it was overlaid with bronze.
Ex 27:1-2 You shall make an altar of acacia wood, five cubits long and five cubits wide--the altar shall be square--and its height shall be three cubits. You shall make its horns on its four corners; its horns shall be of one piece with it. And you shall overlay it with bronze. NKJV
"Bronze," naturally, is used in Scripture as the symbol of what is firm, stubborn, strong and enduring, thus we see "gates of bronze" (Ps 107:16), "hoofs of bronze" (Mic 4:13), etc. Is is mentioned in reference to people and cities.
But Bronze also represents judgement. In showing His anger over a certain city the Lord would say that the "heavens have turned bronze." When Moses raised the bronze serpent it spoke of the power of the serpent being judged through the raising of the Son of God:
Num 21:9 So Moses made a bronze serpent, and put it on a pole; and so it was, if a serpent had bitten anyone, when he looked at the bronze serpent, he lived.
Bronze typifies the divine character of Christ who took upon Himself the fire of God's wrath, holiness and justice by becoming a sin offering.
2 Cor 5:21 "For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him."
Matt 27:46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?" that is, "My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?"
Today in metallurgy, bronze is an alloy of copper, tin, zinc, phosphorus, and sometimes small amounts of other elements. Bronzes are harder than brasses. Most are produced by melting the copper and adding the desired amounts of tin, zinc, and other substances.
In modern metallurgy brass is an alloy having copper (55%-90%) and zinc (10%-45%) as its essential components. The properties of brass vary with the proportion of copper and zinc and with the addition of small amounts of other elements, such as aluminum, lead, tin, or nickel.
The Art of Ancient Egypt, Revised by Robins, 272 Pages, Pub. 2008
The Geneva Bible: A Cornerstone of English Protestantism A Testament to Reform The 1599 Geneva Bible... Read More
The 21st Century King James Version (KJ21): A Modern Approach to a Classic Text A Balancing Act The ... Read More
The American Standard Version (ASV): A Cornerstone of Modern English Bibles A Product of Scholarly R... Read More
The Amplified Bible (AMP): A Rich and Comprehensive Translation The Amplified Bible (AMP) stands out... Read More
The Amplified Bible, Classic Edition (AMPC): A Timeless Treasure The Amplified Bible, Classic Editio... Read More
The Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV): A Timeless Classic The Authorized King James Version (AK... Read More
The BRG Bible: A Colorful Approach to Scripture A Unique Visual Experience The BRG Bible, an acronym... Read More
The Christian Standard Bible (CSB): A Balance of Accuracy and Readability The Christian Standard Bib... Read More
The Common English Bible (CEB): A Translation for Everyone The Common English Bible (CEB) is a conte... Read More
The Complete Jewish Bible (CJB): A Jewish Perspective on Scripture The Complete Jewish Bible (CJB) i... Read More
The Contemporary English Version (CEV): A Bible for Everyone The Contemporary English Version (CEV),... Read More
The Darby Translation: A Literal Approach to Scripture The Darby Translation, often referred to as t... Read More
The Disciples' Literal New Testament (DLNT): A Window into the Apostolic Mind The Disciples’ Literal... Read More
The Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition (DRA): A Cornerstone of English Catholicism The Douay-Rheims ... Read More
The Easy-to-Read Version (ERV): A Bible for Everyone The Easy-to-Read Version (ERV) is a modern Engl... Read More
The English Standard Version (ESV): A Modern Classic The English Standard Version (ESV) is a contemp... Read More
The English Standard Version Anglicised (ESVUK): A British Accent on Scripture The English Standard ... Read More
The Evangelical Heritage Version (EHV): A Lutheran Perspective The Evangelical Heritage Version (EHV... Read More
The Expanded Bible (EXB): A Study Bible in Text Form The Expanded Bible (EXB) is a unique translatio... Read More
GOD'S WORD Translation (GW): A Modern Approach to Scripture The GOD'S WORD Translation (GW) is a con... Read More
The Good News Translation (GNT): A Bible for Everyone The Good News Translation (GNT), formerly know... Read More
The Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB): A Balance of Accuracy and Readability The Holman Christi... Read More
The International Children's Bible (ICB): A Gateway to Faith The International Children's Bible (ICB... Read More
The International Standard Version (ISV): A Modern Approach to Scripture The International Standard ... Read More
The J.B. Phillips New Testament: A Modern Classic The J.B. Phillips New Testament, often referred to... Read More
The Jubilee Bible 2000 (JUB): A Unique Approach to Translation The Jubilee Bible 2000 (JUB) is a dis... Read More
The King James Version (KJV): A Timeless Classic The King James Version (KJV), also known as the Aut... Read More
The Lexham English Bible (LEB): A Transparent Approach to Translation The Lexham English Bible (LEB)... Read More
The Living Bible (TLB): A Paraphrase for Modern Readers The Living Bible (TLB) is a unique rendering... Read More
The Modern English Version (MEV): A Contemporary Take on Tradition The Modern English Version (MEV) ... Read More
The Mounce Reverse Interlinear New Testament: A Bridge to the Greek The Mounce Reverse Interlinear N... Read More
The Names of God Bible (NOG): A Unique Approach to Scripture The Names of God Bible (NOG) is a disti... Read More
The New American Bible, Revised Edition (NABRE): A Cornerstone of English Catholicism The New Americ... Read More
The New American Standard Bible (NASB): A Cornerstone of Literal Translations The New American Stand... Read More
The New American Standard Bible 1995 (NASB1995): A Refined Classic The New American Standard Bible 1... Read More
The New Catholic Bible (NCB): A Modern Translation for a New Generation The New Catholic Bible (NCB)... Read More
The New Century Version (NCV): A Bible for Everyone The New Century Version (NCV) is an English tran... Read More
The New English Translation (NET): A Transparent Approach to Scripture The New English Translation (... Read More
The New International Reader's Version (NIRV): A Bible for Everyone The New International Reader's V... Read More
The New International Version - UK (NIVUK): A British Accent on Scripture The New International Vers... Read More
The New International Version (NIV): A Modern Classic The New International Version (NIV) is one of ... Read More
The New King James Version (NKJV): A Modern Update of a Classic The New King James Version (NKJV) is... Read More
The New Life Version (NLV): A Bible for All The New Life Version (NLV) is a unique English translati... Read More
The New Living Translation (NLT): A Modern Approach to Scripture The New Living Translation (NLT) is... Read More
The New Matthew Bible (NMB): A Reformation Revival The New Matthew Bible (NMB) is a unique project t... Read More
The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV): A Modern Classic The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) is... Read More
The New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (NRSVCE): A Cornerstone of Modern Catholicism The ... Read More
The New Revised Standard Version, Anglicised (NRSVA): A British Accent on Scripture The New Revised ... Read More
The New Revised Standard Version, Anglicised Catholic Edition (NRSVACE): A Bridge Between Tradition ... Read More
The New Testament for Everyone (NTE): A Fresh Perspective The New Testament for Everyone (NTE) is a ... Read More
The Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB): A Unique Perspective The Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB) is a distincti... Read More
The Revised Geneva Translation (RGT): A Return to the Roots The Revised Geneva Translation (RGT) is ... Read More
The Revised Standard Version (RSV): A Cornerstone of Modern English Bibles The Revised Standard Vers... Read More
The Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (RSVCE): A Cornerstone of English Catholicism The Revi... Read More
The Message (MSG): A Contemporary Paraphrase The Message, often abbreviated as MSG, is a contemporar... Read More
The Voice: A Fresh Perspective on Scripture The Voice is a contemporary English translation of the B... Read More
The Tree of Life Version (TLV): A Messianic Jewish Perspective The Tree of Life Version (TLV) is a u... Read More
The World English Bible (WEB): A Modern Update on a Classic The World English Bible (WEB) is a conte... Read More
The Worldwide English (WE) New Testament: A Modern Take on a Classic The Worldwide English (WE) New ... Read More
The Wycliffe Bible: A Cornerstone of English Scripture A Revolutionary Translation The Wycliffe Bibl... Read More
Young's Literal Translation (YLT): A Literal Approach to Scripture Young's Literal Translation (YLT)... Read More
Deuteronomy 18 - "And if you say in your heart, 'How shall we know the word which the LORD has not s... Read More
John 14:26 - "But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teac... Read More
(Enlarge) (PDF for Print) Map of the Origin of Nations and Races that were dispersed by God in Gene... Read More
The Journeys of Abraham (Enlarge) (PDF for Print) - Map of Abraham's Journey with Trade Routes Map ... Read More
(Enlarge) (PDF for Print) Map of the Route of the Hebrews from Egypt This map shows the Exodus of t... Read More
Mark 6:52 - For they considered not the miracle of the loaves: for their heart was hardened. God did... Read More
also see:The Encampment of the Children of IsraelThe Children of Israel on the March THE OUTER COURT... Read More
2 Chronicles 36:23 - Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD Go... Read More
All Bible Maps - Complete and growing list of Bible History Online Bible Maps. Old Testament Maps T... Read More
Ancient Manners and Customs, Daily Life, Cultures, Bible Lands NINEVEH was the famous capital of an... Read More
Distances From Jerusalem to: Bethany - 2 milesBethlehem - 6 milesBethphage - 1 mileCaesarea - 57 m... Read More
Dagon was the god of the Philistines. This image shows that the idol was represented in the combina... Read More
Map of Israel in the Time of Jesus (Enlarge) (PDF for Print) Map of First Century Israel with Roads... Read More
The Table of Shewbread (Ex 25:23-30) It was also called the Table of the Presence. Now we will pas... Read More
see also:The PriestThe Consecration of the PriestsThe Priestly Garments The Priestly Garments 'The ... Read More
Introduction to the Book of Daniel in the Bible Daniel 6:15-16 - Then these men assembled unto the k... Read More
The Golden Lampstand was hammered from one piece of gold. Exod 25:31-40 "You shall also make a lam... Read More
The Golden Altar of Incense (Ex 30:1-10) The Golden Altar of Incense was 2 cubits tall.It was 1 cub... Read More
Ancient Tax Collector Illustration of a Tax Collector collecting taxes Tax collectors were very des... Read More
also see: Blood Atonement and The Priests The Five Levitical Offerings The Sacrifices The sacrificia... Read More
Genesis 10:32 - These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nation... Read More
Illustration of Jesus Reading from the Book of Isaiah This sketch contains a colored illustration o... Read More
"But the angel said unto him, Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth s... Read More
also see: The Encampment of the Children of IsraelThe Children of Israel on the March The brazen a... Read More
Unearth the rich tapestry of biblical history with our extensive collection of over 1000 meticulously curated Bible Maps and Images. Enhance your understanding of scripture and embark on a journey through the lands and events of the Bible.
Start Your Journey Today!