caballus -i, m. pack-horse, nag, hack.
cachinnatio -onis, f. violent laughter.
cachinno (1) -are, to laugh aloud.
cachinno (2) -onis, m. jester, scoffer.
cachinnus -i, m. loud laughter.
cacoethes -is, n. an obstinate disease.
cacumen -inis, n. the extreme point, top, tip, zenith.
cacumino -are, to point, make pointed.
cadaver -eris, n. dead body, carcass.
cadaverosus -a -um, corpse-like.
Cadmus -i, m. the founder of Thebes; adj. Cadmeus -a -um, Theban.
cado cadere cecidi, to fall, sink, drop; 'vela cadunt', are furled; 'iuxta solem cadentem', in the west; of living beings, often to fall in death, die; hence to be destroyed, to subside, sink, flag, fail; 'cadere animis', to lose heart; with in or sub, to come under, be subject to; with in, to agree with, be consistent with; of events, to fall out, happen; of payments, to fall due.
caduceator -oris, m. herald.
caduceus -i, m. and caduceum -i, n. a herald's staff.
caducifer -fera -ferum, bearing the staff (of Mercury).
caducus -a -um, (1) falling or fallen. (2) inclined or ready to fall; esp. destined to die, devoted to death; in gen., transitory, frail, perishable.
cadus -i, m. jar or urn.
caecigenus -a -um, born blind.
Caecilius -a -um, name of a plebeian gens.
caecitas -atis, f. blindness.
caeco -are, to make blind or dark.
Caecubum -i, n. and Caecubus ager, a marshy district in Latium, famous for its wine; '(vinum) Caecubum', Caecuban wine.
caecus -a -um: act., blind, not seeing; intellectually or morally blind; uncertain, objectless; pass., unseen, hidden, obscure, dark.
caedes -is, f. cutting down, killing, slaughter. Transf., persons slain; blood shed in slaughter.
caedo caedere cecidi caesum. (1) to cut. (2) to beat, knock about. (3) to kill, slay.
caelamen -inis, n. bas-relief.
caelator -oris, m. chaser, engraver, carver.
caelatura -ae, f. the art of chasing or engraving; an engraving.
caelebs -libis, unmarried, single (of men); of trees, to which no vine is trained.
caeles -itis, heavenly; as subst., a dweller in heaven, god.
caelestis -e, belonging to heaven, coming from heaven; n. pl. as subst. things in heaven, heavenly bodies. Transf., belonging to the gods, celestial, divine, superhuman; as subst., esp. plur., the gods.
caelicola -ae, adj. dwelling in heaven; as subst. a god.
caelifer -fera -ferum, bearing the heavens.
Caelius -a -um, name of a Roman plebeian gens; 'Caelius mons', a hill in Rome.
caelo -are, to engrave or chase, to carve in bas-relief, to fashion.
caelum (1) -i, n. the burin or engraving tool.
caelum (2) -i, n. the heavens, sky, air, climate. Esp. heaven as the home of the gods; fig., heaven as the height of joy, renown, etc.
caementum -i, n. rough stone from the quarry.
caenosus -a -um, muddy.
caenum -i, n. mud, dirt, filth.
caepa (cepa) -ae, f. and caepe (cepe) -is, n. onion.
Caere, n. a very old city of Etruria; adj. Caeres -itis and -etis.
caerimonia -ae, f. holiness, sanctity; holy awe, reverence; religious usage, sacred ceremony.
caeruleus (poet. also caerulus) -a -um, blue, dark blue esp. of the sea or sky.
Caesar -aris, m. a Roman family name of the gens Iulia; esp. of C. Iulius Caesar, the general and dictator, and later of all emperors.
caesaries -ei, f. hair, a head of hair.
caesim, with cutting; fig. of style, in short sentences.
caesius -a -um, bluish gray (esp. of eyes).
caespes (cespes) -itis, m. a turf, sod. Transf. a hut or altar of turf.
caestus -us, m. gauntlet for boxers.
caetra (cetra) -ae, f. short Spanish shield.
caetratus -a -um, armed with the 'caetra'.
Caius; = Gaius; q.v.
Calabria -ae, f. the peninsula at the southeast extremity of Italy; adj. and subst. Calaber -bra -brum, Calabrian, a Calabrian.
calamister -tri, m. and calamistrum -tri, n. a curling-iron for the hair. Transf., excessive ornament or flourish in style.
calamistratus -a -um, curled with the curling-iron.
calamitas -atis, f. loss, failure, misfortune, damage, a reverse.
calamitosus -a -um: act., causing loss, destructive; pass., suffering loss, miserable. Adv. calamitose, disastrously.
calamus -i, m. reed; hence anything made of reed, e.g. a pen, a reed pipe, an arrow.
calathiscus -i, m. a small wicker basket.
calathus -i, m. a wicker basket; and of other containers, e.g. a milk-pail, wine-bowl.
calator -oris, m. attendant.
calcar -aris, n. spur.
calceamentum -i, n. covering for the foot.
calceo -are, to shoe, provide with shoes.
calceus -i, m. shoe.
calcitro -are, to kick; to resist obstinately.
calco -are, to tread, trample on.
calculus -i, m. a little stone, pebble. Esp. a piece used in the Roman game of draughts; a voting pebble; a counter for reckoning; hence a calculation.
caldus; = calidus; q.v.
Caledonia -ae, f. the highlands of Scotland; adj. Caledonius -a -um.
calefacio (calfacio) -facere -feci -factum, pass. calefio, etc., to make warm, heat; to disturb, excite.
calefacto -are, to make warm, heat.
Calendae; = Kalendae; q.v.
caleo -ere -ui, to be warm, to glow; of feeling, etc. to be inflamed, aroused, excited.
calesco -ere, to become warm, grow hot.
calidus (caldus) -a -um, warm, hot; fiery, passionate. F. sing. as subst., calida (calda) -ae, warm water; n. sing. calidum -i, warm wine and water.
caliendrum -i, n. a lady's wig.
caliga -ae, f. a stout shoe or boot (esp. a soldier's).
caligatus -a -um, wearing heavy boots; m. as subst., a private soldier.
caliginosus -a -um, foggy, misty, dark.
caligo (1) -inis, f. fog, mist, darkness. Transf., mental darkness, dullness; calamity, affliction, gloom.
caligo (2) -are: transit., to spread a dark mist around, to make dizzy; intransit., to be dark, misty.
Caligula -ae, m. a little soldier's shoe; nickname given by the soldiers to the emperor Gaius.
calix -icis, m. a drinking or cooking vessel.
calleo -ere, to be thick-skinned. Transf.: intransit., to be practiced, experienced; transit., to know by experience, understand.
calliditas -atis, f. expertness, cleverness.
callidus -a -um, experienced, clever, dexterous, skillful; in bad sense, cunning, subtle, sly. Adv. callide.
Calliope -es and Calliopea -ae, f. Calliope, the Muse of epic poetry.
callis -is, m. or f. narrow track, footpath, cattle track.
callosus -a -um, hard-skinned, solid.
callum -i, n. hard skin or flesh; toughness, insensibility.
calo (1) -are, to call, summon.
calo (2) -onis, m. a soldier's servant; in gen., a drudge.
calor -oris, m. warmth, heat, glow; passion, excitement.
Calpurnius -a -um, name of a Roman plebeian gens.
caltha -ae, f. a plant, prob. marigold.
calumnia -ae, f. trick, artifice, chicanery, craft; at law, a false accusation, or an action for false accusation.
calumniator -oris, m. a false accuser, pettifogger.
calumnior -ari, dep. to accuse falsely, misrepresent; in gen., to practice trickery.
calva -ae, f. the bald scalp of the head.
calvities -ei, f. baldness.
calvitium -i, n. baldness.
calvus -a -um, bald, without hair.
calx (1) -cis, f. the heel.
calx (2) -cis, f. rarely m. a stone, pebble; collectively,lime, chalk; meton., a goal (marked with chalk), an end.
Calypso -us, f. a nymph who entertained Ulysses.
camella -ae, f. a goblet.
camelus -i, m. and f. a camel or dromedary.
Camena -ae, f. usually pl., Latin goddesses of poetry, identified with the Greek Muses.
camera (camara) -ae, f. a vaulted chamber, vault; a flat covered boat.
Camillus -i, m. cognomen of several members of the gens Furia.
caminus -i, m. a forge, fireplace, fire.
cammarus -i, m. a crustacean, perhaps crayfish.
Campania -ae, f. a district of Central Italy.
campester -tris -tre: in gen., on level ground, flat; esp. relating to the Campus Martius and its exercises and elections. M. sing. as subst., a loin-cloth worn by wrestlers; n. pl. as subst., a plain.
campus -i, m. a level space, plain, field; esp. of the Campus Martius at Rome, as a place for various exercises, and for meetings of the comitia. Transf., any free space, field, or theater of action; any level surface; poet., the sea.
Camulodunum -i, n. a town in Britain (now Colchester).
camur -a -um, hooked, curved.
canalis -is, m. waterpipe, channel, canal.
cancelli -orum, m. pl. lattice, railing, grating. Transf., bounds, limits.
cancer -cri, m. crab; a sign of the Zodiac; meton., the south, or summer heat; the disease cancer.
candela -ae, f., a wax or tallow candle, taper; a cord coated with wax.
candelabrum -i, n. a candle-stick.
candeo -ere -ui, to shine white, glitter or glow with heat.
candesco -ere -ui, to begin to shine or glow.
candidatorius -a -um, relating to a candidate.
candidatus -a -um, clothed in white; as subst. a candidate for office.
candidulus -a -um, shining, dazzling.
candidus -a -um, shining white; of persons, with the suggestion of beauty, fair. Transf., of time or fortune, happy; of writing, clear, lucid; of character, honest, straightforward; of dress, clothed in white; 'sententia candida', a vote for acquittal. N. as subst. candidum -i, white color. Adv. candide, in white; clearly, candidly.
candor -oris, m. shining whiteness, luster; of character, sincerity, candor; of writing, clarity, simplicity.
caneo -ere -ui, to be white or hoary.
canesco -ere, to become white or hoary; hence to become old.
canicula -ae, f. little bitch sometimes a term of abuse. Transf., Dog- star, Sirius; the worst throw at dice.
caninus -a -um, of a dog, canine. Transf. snarling, spiteful;'littera', the letter R.
canis -is, f. dog, hound; of persons, as a term of abuse; in dice, the worst throw.
canistra -orum, n. pl. baskets.
canities -ei, f. whitish-gray color, esp. of the hair; meton., gray hair, old age.
canna -ae, f. reed. Transf., a reed pipe; a small boat.
cannabis -is, f. and cannabum -i, n. hemp.
Cannae -arum, f. pl. town in Apulia, where Hannibal defeated the Romans (216 B.C.). Adj. Cannensis -e.
cano canere cecini cantum, to sing or play. Intransit. to sing; of cocks, to crow; of frogs, to croak; also (with abl.), to play on an instrument; 'canere receptui', to sound the signal for retreat; of instruments, to sound. Transit.: (1) to sing with the voice.(2) to sing of, celebrate in song. (3) to sound or play an instrument. (4) to prophesy.
canor -oris, m. melody, song, sound.
canorus -a -um, melodious, harmonious, sweet-sounding; n. as subst., harmonious sound.
Cantabria -ae, f. a region in northwest Spain.
cantamen -inis, n. incantation.
cantharis -idis, f. a beetle; esp. the Spanish fly.
cantharus -i, m. a tankard; a sea-fish, the black bream.
cantherius -i, m. a gelding, nag.
canthus -i, m. the tire of a wheel.
canticum -i, n. a scene in Roman comedy, accompanied by music and dancing; a song; sing-song delivery in an orator.
cantilena -ae, f. an old song, twaddle, chatter.
cantio -onis, f. a song; an incantation, enchantment.
cantito -are, to sing or play often.
Cantium -i, n. a district in Britain (now Kent).
cantiuncula -ae, f. a flattering song.
canto -are -avi -atum, to sing or play. Intransit., of persons,to sing; of cocks, to crow; also to play on an instrument; of instruments, to sound. Transit. (1) to sing. (2) to sing of, celebrate, continually mention. (3) to predict.
cantor -oris, m. a singer, poet, musician; an actor.
cantus -us, m. song, melody, music, poetry; prophecy; incantation.
canus -a -um, whitish-gray; hence aged; m. pl. as subst.,gray hair.
capacitas -atis, f. breadth, capacity.
capax -acis, able to hold, broad, wide, roomy. Transf., receptive, able to grasp, capable, fit for.
capedo -inis, f. a bowl used in sacrifices.
capella -ae, f. a she-goat; a star in the constellation Auriga.
Capena -ae, f. a town in Etruria;: adj. Capenus -a -um; 'porta Capena', a gate in Rome at the beginning of the Via Appia.
caper -pri, m. he-goat.
capesso -ere -ivi and -ii -itum, to seize, grasp eagerly: of places, to strive to reach, to make for; of business, etc., to take up, undertake; 'rempublicam', to enter public life.
capillatus -a -um, hairy, having hair.
capillus -i, m. a hair; usually pl., or collect. sing., the hair of the head or beard.
capio capere cepi captum, to take. (1) in gen., to take, seize; of places, to choose, reach, or take possession of; of business, opportunities, etc. to take up, take in hand, adopt; of persons, to choose. (2) to catch, take in a violent or hostile manner; hence to attack, injure; pass. capi, to be injured or diseased; 'oculis et auribus captus', blind and deaf; also to charm, captivate, take in; at law, to convict. (3) to receive, esp. of money; in gen., to suffer, undergo, take on. (4) to take in, hold, contain, keep in; mentally, to grasp, comprehend.
capis -idis, f. a one-handled vessel.
capistro -are, to fasten with a halter.
capistrum -i, n. a halter.
capitalis -e, relating to the head, or to life. Transf., deadly, mortal; first, chief, distinguished. N. as subst. capital and capitale, a capital crime.
capito -onis, m. a man with a large head.
Capitolium -i, n. the temple of Jupiter at Rome, the Capitol; adj. Capitolinus -a -um; m. pl. as subst., superintendents of games in honor of Jupiter Capitolinus.
capitulum -i, n. a little head.
Cappadocia -ae, f. a district in Asia Minor.
capra -ae, f. a she-goat; also a star in the constellation Auriga.
caprea -ae, f. a roe.
Capreae -arum, f. pl. a small island off the Campanian coast (now Capri).
capreolus -i, m. a roebuck; in plur., props, supports.
capricornus -i, m. Capricorn, a sign of the Zodiac.
caprificus -i, f. the wild fig tree, and its fruit.
caprigenus -a -um, born of goats.
caprimulgus -i, m. goat-milker -- i.e. a countryman.
caprinus -a -um, relating to a goat.
capripes -pedis, goat-footed.
capsa -ae, f. a box or case, esp. for books.
capsarius -i, m. a slave who carried his young master's satchel.
capsula -ae, f. a little chest.
captatio -onis, f. an eager seizing; 'verborum', quibbling.
captator -oris, m. one who eagerly seizes; esp. a legacy-hunter.
captio -onis, f. (1) a cheat, deception. (2) harm, loss. (3) a fallacy, sophism.
captiosus -a -um, deceitful; captious; n. pl. as subst. sophistries. Adv. captiose.
captiuncula -ae, f. fallacy, quibble.
captivitas -atis, f. captivity, capture; collectively, a number of captives.
captivus -a -um, captured, taken esp. in war. Transf., of a prisoner. M. and f. as subst., a prisoner, captive.
capto -are, to seize, catch at; in gen., to strive after, desire, seek.
captus -us, m. catching, taking; hence power or manner of comprehension, idea.
Capua -ae, f. chief town of Campania.
capulus -i, m. (1) a coffin. (2) a handle;esp. the hilt of a sword.
caput -itis, n. the head; meton., a living individual, esp. of human beings, a person; also a person's life, existence; esp., in Rome, a man's political and social rights. Transf., of lifeless things, the top, summit, extremity; of rivers, etc., the source; of persons and things, the head, leader, chief, headquarters, chief point; of places, the capital.
carbaseus -a -um, made of canvas.
carbasus -i, f.: heteroclite pl. carbasa -orum, n.; flax; meton., anything made of flax, e.g. garments, curtains, sails.
carbo -onis, m. burning or burnt wood.
carbonarius -i, m. a charcoal burner.
carcer -eris, m. prison, cell; in plur., carceres, the starting-place of a race-course.
carchesium -i, n. a goblet with handles. Transf., the top of a mast, scuttle.
cardiacus -a -um, pertaining to the stomach; m. as subst., one who suffers from a disease of the stomach.
cardo -inis, m. a hinge; any pole or pivot: 'cardo duplex', the ends of the earth's axis; a cardinal point, main consideration.
carduus -i, m. a thistle.
carectum -i, n. a sedgy spot.
careo -ere -ui, to be without (with abl.); of a place, to absent oneself from.
carex -icis, f. rush, sedge.
caries, acc. -em, abl. -e, f. rottenness, decay.
carina -ae, f. the keel of a ship; meton., a ship, vessel.
cariosus -a -um, rotten, decayed.
caris -idis, f. a kind of crab.
caritas -atis, f. dearness, high price; esp. high cost of living. Transf., affection, love, esteem.
carmen -inis, n. a song, tune, vocal or instrumental; a poem, poetry, verse; a prediction; an incantation; a religious or legal formula.
Carmentis -is, and Carmenta -ae, f. a prophetess, mother of Evander; adj. Carmentalis -e.
carnifex -ficis, m. an executioner, hangman.
carnificina -ae, f. the work of a hangman; execution, torture.
carnifico -are, to behead, or mangle.
caro (1) -ere, to card.
caro (2) carnis, f. flesh.
carpentum -i, n. a two-wheeled carriage.
carpo carpere carpsi carptum, to pluck, pull off, select, choose out; and so to enjoy; of animals, to graze. Transf., to proceed on a journey; to pass over a place; to carp at, slander a person; to weaken, annoy, harass an enemy; to break up, separate, divide forces.
carptim,in pieces, in small parts; in different places; at different times.
carptor -oris, m. one who carves food.
carruca -ae, f. a four-wheeled carriage.
carrus -us, m. a four-wheeled baggage-wagon.
Carthago (Karthago) -inis, f. (1) the city of Carthage in N. Africa. (2) Carthago (Nova), a colony of the Carthaginians in Spain (now Cartagena). Adj. Carthaginiensis -e.
caruncula -ae, f. a small piece of flesh.
carus -a -um, adj. high-priced, dear, costly. Transf. dear, beloved.
casa -ae, f. hut, cottage, cabin.
caseolus -i, m. a little cheese.
caseus -i, m. cheese.
casia -ae, f. (1) a tree with an aromatic bark, like cinnamon. (2) the sweet-smelling mezereon.
Cassandra -ae, f. a prophetess, daughter of Priam.
casses -ium, m. pl. a net; a trap, snare; also a spider's web.
cassida -ae, f.; = cassis; q.v.
Cassiope -es, f. mother of Andromeda.
cassis -idis and cassida -ae, f. a metal helmet.
Cassius -a -um, the name of a Roman gens; adj. Cassianus -a -um.
cassus -a -um, empty, hollow ; with abl., devoid of. Transf., worthless, useless, vain; 'in cassum' or incassum as adv., in vain.
Castalia -ae, f. a spring on Mount Parnassus, sacred to Apollo and the Muses.
castanea -ae, f. a chestnut or chestnut tree.
castellanus -a -um, relating to a fortress; m. pl. as subst., the garrison of a fortress.
castellatim, in single fortresses.
castellum -i, n. a castle, fortress, fort; a shelter, refuge.
castigatio -onis, f. punishment, reproof.
castigator -oris, m. one who reproves or corrects.
castigo -are, to reprove, chasten, punish; to check, restrain. Hence partic. castigatus -a -um, restrained, orderly, neat.
castimonia -ae, f. purity.
castitas -atis, f. chastity.
castor -oris, m. the beaver.
Castor -oris, m. twin brother of Pollux. Hence, ecastor and mecastor, By Castor!.
castoreum -i, n. an aromatic excretion obtained from the beaver.
castrensis -e, pertaining to a camp.
castro -are, to castrate, enervate, weaken.
castrum -i, n.: sing., a castle, fort, fortress; plur. castra -orum, a camp, encampment; 'aestiva', summer quarters; 'hiberna', winter quarters. Transf., a day's march; martial service; a party, faction.
castus -a -um, clean, pure, chaste; with reference to religion, pious, religious, holy. Adv. caste, purely, piously, religiously.
casula -ae, f. a little hut, cottage.
casus -us, m. a falling, fall. Transf.: (1) what befalls, an accident, event, occurrence. (2) occasion, opportunity. (3) destruction, downfall, collapse; and, in gen., end. (4) in grammar, a case.
cataphractes -ae, m. a breastplate of iron scales.
cataphractus -a -um, mail-clad.
cataplus -i, m. the arrival of a ship; a ship that is arriving.
catapulta -ae, f. an engine of war, a catapult.
cataracta (catarracta) -ae, f. and cataractes -ae, m. a waterfall; a sluice or floodgate; a portcullis.
catasta -ae, f. a stage upon which slaves were exposed in the market.
cateia -ae, f. a kind of spear.
catella (1) -ae, f. a little dog, puppy.
catella (2) -ae, f. a little chain.
catellus (1) -i, m. a little dog, puppy.
catellus (2) -i, m. a little chain.
catena -ae, f. a chain, fetter. Transf.,(1) restraint.(2) a series.
catenatus -a -um, chained, bound, linked together; 'labores', continuous.
caterva -ae, f. crowd, troop, flock.
catervatim, in troops, in masses.
cathedra -ae, f. a chair; esp. a soft one for ladies, or one occupied by a professor.
Catilina -ae, m. L. Sergius, a Roman noble, killed at the head of a conspiracy in 62 B.C.. Hence adj. Catilinarius -a -um.
catillus -i, m. a small dish or plate.
catinus -i, m. a deep dish or bowl.
Cato -onis, m. a cognomen belonging to members of the gens Porcia; adj. Catonianus -a -um; subst. Catonini -orum. the party of M. Porcius Cato Uticensis, the younger Cato.
Catonium -i, n. the lower world (with a play on the word Cato).
Catullus -i, m. C. Valerius (c. 85-55 B.C.), the Roman lyric and epigrammatic poet.
catulus -i, m. a young animal, esp. a whelp, puppy.
catus -a -um, sharp, cunning; adv. cate.
cauda (coda) -ae, f. the tail of an animal.
caudex; = codex; q.v.
Caudium -i, n. an old city in Samnium, near the pass of the Caudine Forks. Adj. Caudinus -a -um.
caulae -arum, f. pl. a hole, opening; a sheep-fold.
caulis -is, m. the stalk of a plant; esp. of a cabbage.
caupo -onis, m. a small shopkeeper or inn-keeper.
caupona -ae, f. a tavern, inn.
cauponor -ari, dep. to trade.
cauponula -ae, f. a little inn.
Caurus (Corus) -i, m. the northwest wind.
causa (caussa) -ae, f. a cause, in all senses of the English word. (1) a reason, motive, pretext. (2) interest; abl., causa, on account of, for the sake of, with genit., mea, etc. (3) a case at law, law-suit, claim, contention; 'causam dicere', to plead. (4) situation, condition, case.
causarius -a -um, sickly, diseased; m. pl., milit., men invalided out of the army.
causidicus -i, m. an advocate, barrister (often used contemptuously).
causor -ari, dep. to give as a reason, or pretext; to plead, pretend.
causula -ae, f. a little cause or case.
cautes -is, f. a rough sharp rock.
cautio -onis, f. caution, care, foresight, precaution; legal, security, bail, bond.
cautor -oris, m. one who is on his guard, or who gives bail for another.
cautus -a -um, partic. from caveo; q.v.
cavaedium -i, n. an inner quadrangle.
cavea -ae, f. a hollow place, cavity. Esp. an enclosure, den, cage; the seats in a theater.
caveo cavere cavi cautum, to be on one's guard; with acc. to be on one's guard against; 'cave ignoscas', take care not to forgive; with ut and the subj., to take care that; with dat. of person, to take care for, provide for. Commercial and legal, to give security or to get security; also to provide, order, in a will, treaty or law. Hence partic. cautus -a -um: of persons, etc., cautious, wary, careful; of property, made safe, secured. Adv. caute, cautim, cautiously or with security.
caverna -ae, f. a hollow place, cavern; 'navis', the hold; 'caeli', the vault of heaven.
cavillatio -onis, f. raillery, jesting, irony. Transf., a quibbler.
cavillor -ari, dep. to jest, joke, satirize. Transf., to quibble.
cavo -are, to hollow out, excavate, pierce.
cavum -i, n. and cavus -i, m. a hollow, hole, cavity.
cavus -a -um, hollow, concave.
ce, a demonstrative particle joined on to pronouns and adverbs- e.g. hisce.
Cecrops -opis, m. the mythical first king of Athens; adj. Cecropius -a -um, Cecropian, Athenian.
cedo (1) cedere cessi cessum, to go, proceed: of things, to turn out, happen; to fall to the lot of a person; to change into something else; to go away, withdraw, retire; with dat., to give ground to, submit to, hence to be inferior to; transit., to grant, yield.
cedo (2) and plur. cette, colloquial imperat., give, hand over, out with it!.
cedrus -i, f. the cedar; meton. cedarwood or cedar oil.
celator -oris, m. a concealer.
celeber -bris -bre, filled, crowded; of places, frequented; of occasions, well attended; of sayings, often repeated; of persons and things, celebrated, famous, renowned.
celebratio -onis, f. a numerous assembly or attendance.
celebrator -oris, m. one who praises.
celebritas -atis, f. a crowd, multitude, numerous attendance; of a festival, celebration; in gen., fame, renown.
celebro -are, to visit frequently, or in large numbers; to fill; to celebrate, solemnize; to publish, make known; to sing the praise of, to honor; to practice often, repeat, exercise. Hence partic. celebratus -a -um: of places, much frequented: of festivals, kept solemn, festive; in gen., famous, celebrated.
celer -eris -ere, swift, quick, rapid; in a bad sense, hasty, rash. Adv. celere and celeriter.
Celeres -um, m.early name for Roman nobles, esp. the bodyguard of the kings
celeripes -edis, swift-footed.
celeritas -atis, f. quickness, swiftness.
celero -are: transit., to make quick, accelerate; intransit. to hasten.
cella -ae, f. a room; esp. a storeroom, or a garret, mean apartment; in a temple, the shrine of the god's image.
cellarius -a -um, of a storeroom; as subst. a cellarer.
celo -are, to hide, conceal, keep secret.
celox -ocis, swift, quick; f. as subst. a swift vessel, yacht.
celsus -a -um, upraised, lofty, elevated; in bad sense, proud, haughty.
Celtae -arum, m. pl. the Celts, esp. those of central Gaul. Adj. Celticus -a -um.
Celtiberi -orum, m. the Celtiberians, a people in the middle of Spain.
cena -ae, f. dinner, the main Roman meal; meton., a dish or course at a dinner.
cenaculum -i, n. a garret, attic.
cenatio -onis, f. a dining-hall.
cenatorius -a -um, relating to dinner; n. pl. as subst. clothes to dine in.
cenito -are, to dine often.
ceno -are: intransit. to dine, sup; transit. to dine on, to eat. Perf. partic. with middle meaning, cenatus, having dined, after dinner.
censeo censere censui censum, to estimate, to form or express an opinion or valuation of a person or thing; esp. of the censor at Rome, to take an account of the names and property of Roman citizens. In gen., to express an opinion, be of the opinion, vote, advise, recommend; of the senate, to resolve.
censor -oris, m. the censor, a Roman magistrate. Transf., a severe judge, rigid moralist.
censorius -a -um, relating to the censor; 'homo', an ex-censor; 'tabulae', the censor's lists. Transf., rigid, severe.
censura -ae, f. the censor's office, censorship. Transf., judgement.
census -us, m.the census, an enrolment of names and assessment of property. Transf., the censor's list; the amount of property necessary for enrolment in a certain rank; in gen., property, wealth.
centaureum and centaurium -i, n. the plant centaury.
Centaurus -i, m., a centaur, i.e. a monster of Thessaly, half man and half horse.
centeni -ae -a (poet. also sing.), a hundred together, a hundred each.
centesimus -a -um, the hundredth. F. sing. as subst. the hundredth part; hence a tax of one percent, or as interest on money, one percent, (reckoned at Rome by the month, therefore = 12 % per annum).
centiceps -cipitis, hundred-headed.
centies or centiens, a hundred times.
centimanus -a -um, hundred-handed.
cento -onis, m., patchwork; in war, coverings to ward off missiles or extinguish fires.
centum, a hundred; also any indefinitely large number.
centumgeminus -a -um, hundred-fold.
centumviralis -e, relating to the centumviri.
centumviri or centum viri -orum, m. pl. a bench of judges dealing with civil suits.
centunculus -i, m. a little piece of patchwork or a saddle-cloth.
centuplex -icis, a hundred-fold.
centuria -ae, f. a division of 100; a company of soldiers; a century, a part of the Roman people, as divided by Servius Tullius.
centuriatim, by centuries or companies.
centuriatus -us, m. a division into companies or centuries; the centurion's office.
centurio (1) -are, to divide into centuries; 'comitia centuriata', the assembly in which the whole Roman people voted in their centuries.
centurio (2) -onis, m. commander of a century, centurion.
centurionatus -us, m. an election of centurions.
cenula -ae, f. a little meal.
cenum; see caenum.
cera -ae, f. wax; a waxen writing tablet, wax seal, or waxen image.
cerarium -i, n. a fee for sealing a document.
cerastes -ae, m. the horned snake.
cerasus -i, f. a cherry tree or cherry.
Cerberus -i, m. the dog guarding Hades.
cercopithecus -i, m. a kind of ape.
cercurus -i, m. a species of vessel peculiar to Cyprus; a sea-fish.
cerdo -onis, m. a workman, artisan.
cerebrosus -a -um, hot-tempered.
cerebrum -i, n. the brain; the understanding; hot temper.
Ceres -eris, f. the Roman goddess of agriculture. Transf., bread, grain, corn. Adj. Cerealis -e; n. pl. as subst. the festival of Ceres on April 10.
cereus -a -um, waxen, or resembling wax; m. as subst., a wax taper.
cerintha -ae, f. the wax flower.
cerinus -a -um, wax-colored: n. pl. as subst. wax-colored garments.
cerno cernere crevi cretum, to separate, sift. Transf., to distinguish, with the senses, or with the mind; to decide, resolve, determine.
cernuus -a -um, falling headlong.
cero -are, to smear or cover with wax.
ceroma -atis, n. an ointment of oil and wax used by wrestlers.
ceromaticus -a -um, anointed with the ceroma.
cerritus -a -um, frantic, mad.
certamen -inis, n. contest, struggle.
certatim, adv. emulously, eagerly.
certatio -onis, f. contest, rivalry.
certe and certo, adv. from certus; q.v.
certo -are, to settle by contest; hence to contend, struggle, dispute.
certus -a -um, adj. settled, resolved, decided, of projects and persons; definite, certain, fixed; sure, to be depended on; of things as known, undoubted, sure; 'certum scio', I know for certain; 'pro certo habeo', I feel sure; of persons knowing, sure, certain; 'certiorem facere', to inform. Adv. certe and certo, certainly, assuredly.
cerula -ae, f. a little piece of wax.
cerussa -ae, f. white lead.
cerussatus -a -um, painted with white lead.
cerva -ae, f. hind; poet., deer.
cervical -alis, n. cushion, pillow.
cervicula -ae, f. a little neck.
cervinus -a -um, relating to a stag.
cervix -icis, f. the nape of the neck, the neck; 'dare cervices', to submit to the executioner.
cervus -i, m. stag, deer; pl., milit., stakes stuck in the ground as a palisade.
cespes; see caespes.
cessatio -onis, f. delaying, inactivity, laziness.
cessator -oris, m. one who loiters.
cessio -onis, f. a giving up, a cession.
cesso -are, to leave off, cease work, be idle, rest; of things, to be left alone, do nothing; so of land, lie fallow.
cestrosphendone -es, f. engine for hurling stones.
cestus (1) and cestos -i, m. a girdle.
cestus (2) -us, m.; see caestus.
cetarium -i, n. a fish-pond.
cetarius -i, m. a fishmonger.
ceteroqui or ceteroquin, otherwise, else.
ceterus -a -um, the other, the rest; usually plur., ceteri -ae -a; 'et cetera', and so on. Acc. n. sing. as adv. ceterum, otherwise, moreover, but.
Cethegus -i, m. C. Cornelius, a conspirator with Catiline, put to death by Cicero in 63 B.C..
cetra; see caetra.
cette; see cedo.
cetus -i, m. and cetos n.; plur. cete; any large sea-creature, such as whale, seal, dolphin.
ceu, adv., as, like as; sometimes as if.
Chalcis -idis or -idos, f. the chief city of Euboea.
Chaldaei -orum, m. pl. the Chaldaeans, famous as astrologers.
chalybeius -a -um, of steel.
chalybs -ybis, m. steel; an article made of steel such as a sword, a horse's bit, the tip of an arrow.
chane or channe -es, f. the sea perch.
Chaos, acc. Chaos, abl. Chao, n. boundless empty space. Hence the lower world; personified, Chaos, the father of Night and Erebus; the shapeless mass out of which the universe was made.
chara -ae, f. an edible root.
Charites -um, f. pl. the Graces, i.e. Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia.
Charon -ontis, m. Charon, who ferried souls over the Styx.
charta -ae, f. a leaf of Egyptian papyrus, paper; anything written on paper, a letter, poem, etc..
chartula -ae, f. a little paper, small piece of writing.
Charybdis -is, f. a whirlpool opposite the rock Scylla.
Chatti (Catti) -orum, m. pl. a Germanic people.
Chauci -orum, m. pl. a Germanic people on the coast of the North Sea.
chelydrus -i, m. an amphibious snake. 2
chelys, acc. -yn, f. the tortoise;hence, the lyre made out of its shell
cheregra and chiregra -ae, f. the gout in the hands.
Cherronesus and Chersoneus -i, f. a peninsula; esp. of Gallipoli or the Crimea.
chiliarches -ae, and chiliarchus -i, m. a commander of 1,000 soldiers; among Persians, chancellor, or prime minister.
Chimaera -ae, f. a monster killed by Bellerophon.
chimaerifer -fera -ferum, producing the Chimaera.
Chios or Chius -i, f. an island in the Aegean Sea, famous for wine and marble.
chirographum -i, n. an autograph, a person's own handwriting.
chironomos -i, and chironomon -ontis, m. a gesticulator, a mime.
chirurgia -ae, f. surgery.
chlamydatus -a -um, dressed in a chlamys.
chlamys -ydis, f. a large upper garment of wool.
choragium -i, n. the training and production of a chorus.
choragus -i, m. he who pays for a chorus.
choraules -ae, m. a flute-player, accompanying the chorus.
chorda -ae, f. cat-gut; usually as the string of a musical instrument.
chorea -ae, f. a dance in a ring.
choreus and chorius -i, m. the metrical foot afterwards called a trochee.
chorus -i, m. dance in a circle, choral dance. Transf., the persons singing and dancing, the chorus; hence a crowd, troop.
Christus -i, m. Christ; Christianus -i, m. a Christian.
chromis -is, c. a sea-fish.
chrysanthus -i, m. a flower, perhaps marigold.
chrysolithos -i, m. and f. chrysolite, or topaz. 1
chrysophrys, acc. -yn, f. a sea-fish. 1
cibarius -a -um, relating to food; n. pl. as subst., food, rations. Transf., (from the food of slaves), ordinary, common.
cibatus -us, m. food, nourishment.
ciborium -i, n. a large drinking vessel.
cibus -i, m. food, fodder, nourishment, sustenance.
cicada -ae, f. a cicada, or tree cricket.
cicatrix -icis, f. a scar; on plants, a mark of incision; also a patch on an old shoe.
cicer -eris, n. a chick-pea.
Cicero -onis, M. Tullius, Roman statesman, orator, and writer (106-43 B.C); adj. Ciceronianus -a -um.
cichoreum -i, n. succory or endive.
ciconia -ae, f. a stork.
cicur -uris, tame.
cicuta -ae, f. hemlock; poison extracted from the hemlock; a shepherd's pipe, made of hemlock stalk.
cieo ciere civi citum, to move, stir, agitate. Transf., to give rise to, excite, arouse; to summon; to call by name. Hence partic. citus -a -um, quick, speedy. Adv. cito, quickly; 'citius quam', sooner than, rather than.
Cilicia -ae, f. a region in Asia Minor.
Cimber -bri, m.; usually pl. Cimbri, the Cimbrians, a German tribe; adj. Cimbricus -a -um.
cimex -icis, m. a bug.
Cimmerii -orum, m. pl. (1) a Thracian people, living on the Dnieper. (2) a mythical people, living in eternal darkness.
cinaedus -i, m. a wanton or shameless person.
cincinnatus -a -um, having curled hair.
Cincinnatus -i, m. a cognomen of the gens Quinctia.
cincinnus -i, m. curled hair, a lock of hair. Transf., artificial rhetorical ornament.
Cincius -a -um, name of a Roman gens.
cinctura -ae, f. a girdle.
cinctus -us, m. a girding, a way of wearing the toga. Transf. a girdle.
cinctutus -a -um, girded.
cinefactus -a -um, turned to ashes.
cinerarius -i, m. an attendant who heated in hot ashes the irons for curling the hair.
cingo cingere cinxi cinctum, to surround or equip the head or body; pass., cingi, to gird oneself; in gen., to surround; esp. to surround with hostile intent, or for protection; of persons, to escort, accompany.
cingula -ae, f. a girdle.
cingulum -i, n. a girdle, sword-belt.
cingulus -i, m. a girdle of the earth, zone.
ciniflo -onis, m.; = cinerarius.
cinis -eris, m. rarely f. ashes.
Cinna -ae, m. a Roman cognomen, esp. of L. Cornelius Cinna, supporter of Marius, noted for his cruelty. Adj. Cinnanus -a -um.
cinnamomum or cinnamum -i, n. cinnamon.
cippus -i, m. a pale, stake; esp. a tombstone; plur., milit., palisades.
circa. Adv., around, round about. Prep. with acc.: of space, around, near; of persons, around or with; of time or number, about.
circamoerium -i, n.; = pomerium; q.v.
Circe -es and -ae, f. an enchantress, daughter of the Sun; adj. Circaeus -a -um.
Circeii -orum, m. pl. a town in Latium.
circensis -e, belonging to the circus; m. pl. as subst. (sc. ludi), the circus games.
circino -are, to form into a circle; hence to fly round.
circinus -i, m. a pair of compasses.
circiter, adv., and prep. with acc., about.
circlus; = circulus; q.v.
circueo; see circumeo.
circuitio and circumitio -onis, f. a going round, patrol. Transf., a roundabout way of speaking.
circuitus -us, m. a going round in a circle, circuit. Hence a roundabout way, circuitous course; also compass, circumference, extent; rhet., a period.
circulor -ari, dep. to gather in groups, or collect a group around oneself.
circulus (circlus) -i, m. a circle, circular figure, circuit; any circular body; a circle or group for conversation.
circum. Adv. roundabout, around. Prep. with acc. round, around, round about, near.
circumago -agere -egi -actum. (1) to turn round; esp. in the ceremonial manumission of a slave; of time, circumagi or circumagere se, to pass away, be spent; of the feelings, to influence, bring round. (2) to drive about from one place to another; to distract.
circumaro -are, to plow round.
circumcaesura -ae, f. the external outline of a body.
circumcido -cidere -cidi -cisum, to cut round, to cut, trim. Transf., to make less by cutting, diminish. Hence partic. circumcisus -a -um, of places,abrupt, steep,inaccessible; of style, abridged, brief.
circumcirca, all round about.
circumcludo -cludere -clusi -clusum, to shut in, enclose, surround.
circumcolo -ere, to dwell around, dwell near.
circumcurso -are, to run round.
circumdo -dare -dedi -datum, surround. (1) to put something round, with acc. of the thing placed, and dat. of that round which it is placed. (2) to surround with something, with acc. and abl. (rarely double acc.).
circumduco -ducere -duxi -ductum, to lead round, move or drive round. Transf., to cheat; to extend, amplify.
circumeo (circueo) -ire -ii or -ivi -itum, to go round; milit., to surround; to go the rounds of, to visit; hence to canvass or solicit. Transf., to cheat, circumvent.
circumequito -are, to ride round.
circumfero -ferre -tuli -latum, to carry round, take round; esp. of the eyes, to turn all round; in religion, to lustrate, purify , by carrying round consecrated objects. Transf., to spread, esp.to spread news.
circumflecto -flectere -flexi -flexum, to bend round, turn about.
circumflo -are, to blow round.
circumfluo -fluere -fluxi -fluxum, to flow round. Transf., to overflow, abound; with abl., to abound in.
circumfluus -a -um: act., flowing round, circumfluent; pass., flowed round, surrounded by water.
circumforaneus -a -um. (1) round the forum; 'aes', money borrowed from bankers. (2) attending at markets.
circumfundo -fundere -fudi -fusum. (1) to pour around; in pass., or with reflexive, to be poured round = to surround. (2) act., to surround, encompass, and pass., to be surrounded; usually with instrumental abl.
circumgemo -ere, to growl round.
circumgesto -are, to carry round.
circumgredior -gredi -gressus, dep. to go round, travel round.
circumiaceo -ere, to lie round about, adjoin.
circumicio -icere -ieci -iectum. (1) to throw round, put round. (2) to surround one thing with another. Hence partic. circumiectus -a -um, thrown round, so surrounding, adjacent.
circumiectus -us, m. a surrounding, enclosing.
circumitio; = circuitio; q.v.
circumligo -are. (1) to bind round, bind to. (2) to bind round with something.
circumlino -linere -litum. (1) to smear one thing over another. (2) to besmear with, bedaub; hence poet., to cover.
circumluo -luere, to wash round, flow round.
circumluvio -onis, f. alluvial land.
circummitto -mittere -misi -missum, to send round.
circummunio -ire, to wall round, to shut in by lines of circumvallation.
circummunitio -onis, f. circumvallation.
circumpadanus -a -um, near the river Po.
circumplector -plecti -plexus, dep. to embrace, enclose, surround.
circumplico -are, to fold round, wind round.
circumpono -ponere -posui -positum, to place or put round.
circumretio -ire, to enclose in a net, ensnare.
circumrodo -rodere -rosi, to gnaw round. Transf., to slander.
circumsaepio -saepire -saeptum, to hedge round, enclose.
circumscindo -ere, to tear off, round; to strip.
circumscribo -scribere -scripsi -scriptum, to describe a circle round, to enclose in a circular line. Transf., (1) to confine, define, limit, restrict. (2) to set aside, exclude. (3) to take in, ensnare, defraud; 'vectigalia', to embezzle. Hence partic. circumscriptus -a -um, as rhet. t.t. rounded, periodic; also concise. Adv. circumscripte, in rhetorical periods, fully.
circumscriptio -onis, f. an encircling; hence circumference. Transf., (1) outline, boundary, limit; in rhetoric, a period. (2) swindling, defrauding.
circumscriptor -oris, m. a cheat, swindler.
circumseco -secare -sectum, to cut round.
circumsedeo -sedere -sedi -sessum, to sit round; esp. to besiege, beleaguer.
circumsessio -onis, f. encircling, beleaguering.
circumsido -ere, to besiege.
circumsilio -ire, to leap or jump round.
circumsisto -sistere -steti or -stiti, to stand round, surround.
circumsono -sonare -sonui: transit., to sound all around or to make to resound; intransit., to resound, to echo.
circumsonus -a -um, sounding all around.
circumspectio -onis, f. looking about, circumspection, caution.
circumspecto -are: intransit., to look round repeatedly; transit., to look round at or for.
circumspectus (1) -a -um; see circumspicio.
circumspectus (2) -us, m. looking round at; henceattention to; prospect, view all round.
circumspicio -spicere -spexi -spectum: intransit., to look round, esp. anxiously; hence to consider; transit., to look round at, survey; hence to consider carefully; also to look about for, seek for. Hence partic. circumspectus -a -um: pass., of things, deliberate, well considered; act., of persons, circumspect, cautious.
circumsto -stare -steti: intransit., to stand round or in a circle; partic. as subst., circumstantes, the bystanders; transit., to surround, beleaguer.
circumstrepo -ere, to make a loud noise around.
circumsurgens -entis, rising round.
circumtero -terere, to rub against on all sides.
circumtextus -a -um, woven all round.
circumtono -tonare -tonui, to thunder round.
circumtonsus -a -um, shorn all round; of discourse, artificial
circumvado -vadere -vasi, to attack from every side, to surround.
circumvagus -a -um, wandering round, flowing round.
circumvallo -are, to blockade, beleaguer.
circumvectio -onis, f. a carrying round of merchandise: 'portorium circumvectionis', transit dues; in gen., circuit, revolution.
circumvector -ari, to ride, or sail round; poet., to go through, describe.
circumvehor -vehi -vectus, to ride or sail round; poet., to describe.
circumvelo -are, to veil round, envelop.
circumvenio -venire -veni -ventum, to come round, surround, encircle. Transf., to beset, assail; to cheat, defraud.
circumvertor (-vortor) -verti, to turn oneself round.
circumvestio -ire, to clothe all round.
circumvolito -are, to fly round, rove about.
circumvolo -are, to fly round.
circumvolvo -volvere -volvi -volutum, to roll round; usually pass., to revolve.
circus -i, m. a ring, circle, orbit; 'candens', the milky way; also an oval course for races.
ciris -is, f. a bird, into which Scylla was transformed.
cirratus -a -um, curly-haired.
Cirrha -ae, f. a city near Delphi, sacred to Apollo; adj. Cirrhaeus -a -um.
cirrus -i, m. a lock, or ringlet of hair; the fringe of a garment.
cis, prep. with acc., on this side of, within.
Cisalpinus -a -um, on this (the Roman) side of the Alps.
cisium -i, n. a light two-wheeled vehicle.
Cisrhenanus -a -um, on this (the Roman) side of the Rhine.
cista -ae, f. a chest, box.
cistella -ae, f. a little chest or box.
cisterna -ae, f. reservoir, cistern.
cistophorus -i, m. an Asiatic coin.
cistula -ae, f. a little chest or box.
citatus -a -um, partic. from cito (2); q.v.
citer -tra -trum, on this side; usually compar. citerior -us, genit. -oris, on this side, nearer; superl. citimus -a -um, nearest.
cithara -ae, f. a stringed instrument, lyre, lute.
citharista -ae, m. a player on the cithara.
citharistria -ae, f. a female player on the cithara.
citharizo -are, to play the cithara.
citharoedus -i, m. one who plays the cithara, with voice accompanying.
cito (1), adv. from cieo; q.v.
cito (2) -are (1) to put in motion, excite, start up. (2) to summon, call forward, esp. for legal, political or military purposes; hence to appeal to, point to authorities, etc. Hence partic. citatus -a -um, quick, speedy: 'citato equo', at full gallop. Adv. citatim.
citra (abl. f. from citer). Adv. on this side, nearer. Prep. with acc., on this side, nearer than; of time, since; hence, in gen., short of, without.
citreus -a -um, belonging to the citrus tree or citron tree.
citro, adv. found only with ultro: 'ultro (et) citro', up and down, hither and thither.
citrus -i, m. (1) the citrus, a kind of African cypress. (2) the citron tree.
citus -a -um, partic. from cieo; q.v.
civicus -a -um, relating to a citizen, civic; 'civica (corona)', the civic crown, awarded to one who had saved the life of a Roman in war.
civilis -e, relating to a citizen, civic, civil; esp. 'ius civile', the Roman civil law or civil rights; befitting a citizen; hence, popular, affable, courteous; relating to public life or the state. Adv. civiliter, like a citizen, politely.
civilitas -atis, f. (1) the science of politics. (2) politeness, civility.
civis -is, c. citizen; also a fellow citizen;under a king, subject.
civitas -atis, f.: abstr., citizenship; concr., a union of citizens, state, commonwealth; the inhabitants of a city, townsfolk; (rarely) a city, town.
clades -is, f. destruction; in gen., disaster, injury, defeat.
clam. Adv., secretly, in secret; 'esse', to remain unknown. Prep. with acc. or abl., unknown to, without the knowledge of.
clamator -oris, m. a shouter, speaker.
clamito -are, to cry aloud, shout violently.
clamo -are, to call, shout, cry aloud; with object, to call to or upon a person, to shout something; sometimes to proclaim, declare.
clamor -oris, m. a loud shouting, cry; poet., of lifeless things, echo, reverberation.
clamosus -a -um: act., noisy, clamorous; pass., filled with noise.
clanculum. Adv. secretly, in secret. Prep. with acc. unknown to.
clandestinus -a -um, secret, clandestine; Adv. clandestino.
clangor -oris, m. sound, clang, noise.
clareo -ere, to be bright, to shine. Transf., to be evident; to be distinguished.
claresco clarescere clarui, to become clear to the senses. Transf., to become evident; to become illustrious.
clarigo -are, to demand satisfaction, used of the Fetials.
clarisonus -a -um, clearly sounding.
claritas -atis, f. clearness, brightness. Transf., clearness to the mind, plainness; fame, celebrity.
claritudo -inis, f. clearness, brilliancy. Transf. fame, celebrity.
claro -are, to make bright or clear. Transf., to make plain to the mind; to make illustrious.
clarus -a -um, bright, clear, distinct; poet., of the wind, making clear, bringing fair weather. Transf., to the understanding, clear, evident, plain; of reputation, illustrious, distinguished; in bad sense, notorious. Hence adj. clare, clearly, brightly, distinctly; illustriously.
classiarius -a -um, of the fleet; m. pl. as subst., marines.
classicus -a -um. (1) relating to the different classes of Roman citizens. (2) relating to the armed forces, esp. to the fleet: m. pl. as subst., marines: n. sing. as subst., the signal for battle or the trumpet giving this.
classis -is, f. a group as summoned, a division, class. (1) one of the classes into which Servius Tullius divided the Roman people. (2) the armed forces, esp. the fleet. (3) in gen., a class, group.
clatri -orum, m. pl. trellis, grating.
claudeo -ere and claudo -ere, to limp, halt, be lame.
claudicatio -onis, f. a limping.
claudico -are, to limp, be lame. Transf., to incline, be deflected; to halt, waver.
Claudius (Clodius) -a -um, the name of two Roman gentes; esp. of the emperor Claudius (10 B.C.-A.D. 54). Adj. Claudianus -a -um, Claudialis -e.
claudo (1) (cludo) claudere clausi clausum, to close, shut up, make inaccessible; of military positions, to blockade, invest; of prisoners, etc., to shut in, confine. Transf., to conclude; 'agmen', to bring up the rear. Hence partic. clausus -a -um, of character, close, reserved; n. as subst., an enclosed place.
claudo (2); = claudeo; q.v.
claudus -a -um, limping, lame. Transf., crippled, defective; poet., 'carmina alterno versu', elegiac verse.
claustrum -i, n. a means of closing or shutting in; bolt, bar; an enclosure, prison, den; a barricade, dam, fortress; milit., the key to a position.
clausula -ae, f. end, conclusion; in rhetoric, the close of a period.
clava -ae, f. a staff or cudgel.
clavarium -i, n. an allowance to soldiers for buying shoe-nails.
clavicula -ae, f. the tendril by which the vine clings to its prop.
claviger (1) -geri, m. the club-bearer, of Hercules.
claviger (2) -geri, m. the key-bearer, of Janus.
clavis -is, f. a key: 'claves adimere uxori', to separate from one's wife. Transf., a stick for trundling a hoop.
clavus -i, m. (1) a nail, spike. (2) a tiller, helm, rudder. (3) a stripe of purple on a tunic, worn broad by senators, narrow by knights.
clemens -entis, mild, kind, merciful; adv. clementer, gently.
clementia -ae, f. mildness, gentleness, mercy.
Cleopatra -ae, f. the queen of Egypt and mistress of Antony, defeated with him at Actium.
clepo clepere clepsi cleptum, to steal; 'se', to conceal oneself.
clepsydra -ae, f. a water clock, esp. as used to measure the time allotted to orators.
cliens -entis, m. a client, dependent on a patronus (q.v.); in gen., a vassal or ally.
clienta -ae, f. a female client.
clientela -ae, f. clientship, the relation between client and patron; hence in gen., dependence. Transf. (gen. pl.) clients.
clinamen -inis, n. inclination, swerving aside.
clinatus -a -um, inclined, leaning.
Clio -us, f. the Muse of history.
clipeatus -a -um, armed with a shield; m. pl. as subst., soldiers with shields.
clipeus -i, m. and clipeum -i, n. a (round) shield. Transf., the disk of the sun; a medallion portrait.
clitellae -arum, f. pl. a pack-saddle, pair of panniers, saddle-bag.
clivosus -a -um, hilly, steep.
clivus -i, m. a slope, rise, gradient.
cloaca -ae, f. a sewer, drain.
Cloacina -ae, f. the cleanser, surname of Venus.
Clodius; = Claudius; q.v.
Clotho, f. the spinner, one of the Parcae.
clueo -ere, I hear myself called, am named.
clunis -is, m. and f. the buttocks.
Clusium -i, n. a town of Etruria; adj. Clusinus -a -um,
Clytaemnestra -ae, f. wife of Agamemnon who killed her husband, and was killed by her son Orestes.
Cnidus (-os), or Gnidus (-os), -i, f. a town in Caria, famous for the worship of Venus; adj. Cnidius -a -um.
Cnossus; = Gnossus; q.v.
coacervatio -onis, f. a heaping up.
coacervo -are, to heap up, accumulate.
coacesco -acescere -acui, to become sour.
coacto -are, to compel.
coactor -oris, m. a collector of money; 'coactores agminis', the rear- guard.
coactu, abl. sing. m. by force, under compulsion.
coactum -i, n. subst. from cogo; q.v.
coaedifico -are, to build on.
coaequo -are, to level, make even.
coagmentatio -onis, f. a connection, binding together.
coagmento -are, to join together; 'pacem', to conclude.
coagmentum -i, n. a joining, joint.
coagulum -i, n. rennet or curds.
coalesco -alescere -alui -alitum, to grow together; to take root, grow; hence to become established or firm.
coangusto -are, to limit, confine.
coarcto, etc. = coarto, etc.; q.v.
coarguo -uere -ui, to show clearly, demonstrate fully; esp. to prove wrong or false.
coartatio -onis, f. a confining in a small space.
coarto -are, to confine, draw together; of discourse, to compress; of time, to shorten.
coccinatus -a -um, clad in scarlet.
coccinus -a -um, scarlet-colored; n. pl. as subst., scarlet clothes.
coccum -i, n. the berry of the scarlet oak; hence scarlet dye; sometimes scarlet cloth or garments.
coclea (cochlea) -ae, f. a snail or snail-shell.
cocleare (cochleare) -is, n. a spoon.
coclearium -i, n. a spoon.
Cocles, Roman cognomen, esp. of Horatius Cocles, the Roman who defended the bridge over the Tiber against Porsenna.
coctilis -e, baked; 'muri', made of burnt brick.
Cocytus and -os, -i, m. a river of the lower world.2
coda; see cauda.
codex (caudex) -dicis, m. the trunk of a tree; as a term of abuse, dolt, blockhead. Transf., a book (made up of wooden tablets, covered with wax); esp. an account-book, ledger.
codicarius -a -um, made of tree trunks.
codicilli -orum, m. little trunks, logs. Transf., small tablets for memoranda; hence a letter, petition, codicil, rescript.
coel-; see cael-.
coemo -emere -emi -emptum, to buy up.
coemptio -onis, f. a form of marriage; a fictitious sale of an estate.
coen-; see caen-.
coeo -ire -ii or -ivi -itum, to go or come together, assemble; of enemies, to engage; of friends, etc., to unite, combine; transit. 'societatem coire', to form an alliance; of things, to unite, come together; of blood, to curdle; of water, to freeze.
coepio coepere coepi coeptum (only the perfect-stem tenses are class.: see incipio), to begin, commence. N. of partic. as subst. coeptum -i, a thing begun or undertaken.
coepto -are, to begin or undertake (eagerly).
coeptus -us, m. (only in plur.), a beginning.
coerceo -cere -cui -citum, to enclose, shut in, confine, restrain; 'vitem', to prune.
coercitio -onis, f. confining, restraint; hence punishment.
coeruleus; = caeruleus; q.v.
coetus (coitus) -us, m. meeting together, union, assembly.
cogitatio -onis, f. thinking, conception, reflection, reasoning; sometimes a particular thought, idea or intention.
cogito -are, to turn over in the mind, to think, reflect; sometimes to intend, plan. Hence partic. cogitatus -a -um, considered, deliberate; n. pl. as subst. thoughts, reflections, ideas. Adv. cogitate, thoughtfully.
cognatio -onis, f. relationship, connection by blood; meton. persons re- lated, kindred, family; in gen., connection, agreement, resemblance.
cognatus -a -um, related, connected by blood; m. and f. as subst. a relation either on the father's or the mother's side. Transf., akin, similar.
cognitio -onis, f. getting to know, study, knowledge, acquaintance; recognition; legal inquiry, investigation; in plur., ideas.
cognitor -oris, m. a knower; legal, a witness or an attorney; in gen., a supporter.
cognomen -inis, n. a surname, family name.
cognomentum -i, n. a surname, a name.
cognominatus -a -um, of the same meaning; 'verba', synonyms.
cognominis -e, having the same name.
cognosco -gnoscere -gnovi -gnitum, to become acquainted with, get to know, learn; in perf. tenses, to know; to know again, recognize; of judges, to examine, hear, decide. Hence partic. cognitus -a -um, known, proved.
cogo cogere coegi coactum, to bring, drive, or draw to one point, to collect; to bring close together, compress; of liquids, etc. to thicken, curdle; milit., 'agmen cogere', to bring up the rear. Transf., to restrict, confine; to compel. Hence partic. coactus -a -um, constrained; n. as subst. thick cloth, felt.
cohaerentia -ae, f. coherence.
cohaereo -haerere -haesi -haesum: of a whole, to cohere, hold together; of one thing (or person), to cling, adhere, be connected to another.
cohaeresco -haerescere -haesi, to hang together.
coheres -edis, m. a coheir.
cohibeo -ere -ui -itum, to hold in, hold together; hence to confine, restrain, hold back, repress.
cohonesto -are, to do honor to.
cohorresco -horrescere -horrui, to shudder or shiver.
cohors -tis, f. an enclosure, yard. Transf., a troop, company, throng; milit., a cohort, the tenth part of a legion; 'praetoria cohors', the retinue of the governor of a province.
cohortatio -onis, f. exhortation, encouragement.
cohortor -ari, dep. to encourage, incite, exhort.
coitio -onis, f. a coming together, meeting; a faction, coalition, conspiracy.
coitus -us; see coetus.
colaphus -i, m. a cuff, box on the ear.
Colchis -idis, f. Colchis, a country on the Black Sea; adj. Colchicus and Colchus -a -um; f. adj. Colchis -idis.
coleus -i; see culleus.
coliphia (colyphia) -orum, n. a food used by athletes.
colis; see caulis.
Collatia -ae, f. a town in Latium; adj. Collatinus -a -um.
collinus -a -um, hilly, relating to a hill; 'porta Collina', a gate of Rome near the Quirinal Hill.
collis -is, m. hill, high ground.
collum -i, n. (collus -i, m.) neck.
collybus -i, m. exchange of money, or rate of exchange.
collyrium -i, n. eye-salve. 2
colo colere colui cultum, to cultivate, till, tend; to dwell in, inhabit a place; in gen., to take care of, attend to, foster, honor, worship, court. Hence cultus -a -um, cultivated, tilled, planted; n. pl. as subst., cultivated land. Transf., physically, tidy, well-dressed, smart; mentally, refined. Adv. culte, elegantly.
colocasia -orum, n. pl. the Egyptian bean.
colona -ae, f. a country-woman.
colonia -ae, f. a farm, estate; a colony; meton., colonists.
colonicus -a -um, relating to agriculture or to a colony.
colonus -i, m. a farmer, sometimes a tenant farmer; a colonist, inhabitant of a colony.
color (colos) -oris, m. color, tint, hue; esp. complexion; sometimes beautiful complexion, beauty. Transf., outward show, external appearance; cast, character, tone; an artful excuse.
coloro -are, to color; partic. coloratus -a -um, colored; of complexion, tanned, dark.
colosseus -a -um, colossal, gigantic.
colossicus -a -um, colossal, gigantic.
colossus -i, m. a colossus, statue larger than life; esp. that of Apollo at Rhodes.
coluber -bri, m. serpent, snake.
colubra -ae, f. female serpent.
colubrifer -fera -ferum, snake-bearing, snaky-haired (of Medusa).
colum -i, n. colander, sieve, strainer.
columba -ae, f. a pigeon, dove.
columbinus -a -um, belonging to a pigeon.
columbus -i, m. a male dove or pigeon.
columella -ae, f. a little column.
columen -inis, n. a height, summit, ridge; of buildings, roof, gable. Transf., chief, summit, crown; support, pillar.
columna -ae, f. pillar, column; columnae,pillars as signs of booksellers' shops in Rome; 'columnae Herculis', the pillars of Hercules. Transf., a support, pillar of the state; a water-spout.
columnarium -i, n. a tax on pillars.
columnarius -i, m. a rascal, thief.
colus -i and -us, f. or m., a distaff.
coma -ae, f. the hair of the head. Transf., leaves; rays of light.
comans -antis, hairy; 'galea', crested; 'stella', a comet.
comatus -a -um, hairy; Gallia Comata, a name for Transalpine Gaul; 'comata silva', in full leaf.
combibo (1) -bibere -bibi, to drink in, suck up.
combibo (2) -onis, m. a comrade in drinking.
comburo -urere -ussi -ustum, to burn up; hence to ruin or consume.
comedo -esse -edi -esum or -estum, to eat up, consume; of property, to waste, squander.
comes -itis, c. a fellow-traveller; hence a companion, comrade; sometimes attendant; in plur., comites, retinue.
cometes -ae, m. a comet.
comicus -a -um, of comedy, comic; esp. represented in comedy. M. as subst. an actor in comedy or writer of comedy. Adv. comice, in the manner of comedy.
cominus; = comminus; q.v.
comis -e, courteous, kind, friendly, obliging; adv. comiter.
comissabundus -a -um, revelling, rioting.
comissatio -onis, f. a revel, riotous procession.
comissator -oris, m. a reveller.
comissor -ari, dep. to revel.
comitas -atis, f. courtesy, friendliness, civility.
comitatus -us, m. train, retinue, following.
comiter, adv. from comis; q.v.
comitia; see comitium.
comitialis -e, relating to the comitia.
comitiatus -us, m. the assembly of the people in the comitia.
comitium -i, n. a place of assembly, esp. one in the forum at Rome; plur. comitia, the assembly of the Roman people for the election of magistrates, etc.: hence elections.
comito -are, to accompany;esp. as partic. comitatus -a -um,accompanied.
comitor -ari, dep. to attend, accompany, follow.
commaculo -are, to pollute.
commanipularis -is, m. a soldier belonging to the same company.
commeatus -us, m. free passage, going and coming; milit., leave of absence, furlough; also (often pl.) supply of provisions, food, forage.
commeditor -ari, dep. to practice, represent.
commemini -isse, to remember fully.
commemorabilis -e, worthy of mention, memorable.
commemoratio -onis, f. reminding, mention.
commemoro -are, to call to mind, recollect; to remind another, to mention, relate, recount.
commendabilis -e, commendable, praiseworthy.
commendaticius -a -um, giving recommendation.
commendatio -onis, f. recommendation; that which recommends, excellence.
commendator -oris, m. one that commends.
commendatrix -icis, f. one that commends.
commendo -are, to commit to the care or protection of anyone. Hence, in gen., to commit; to recommend; to set off, render agreeable.
commensus, partic. of commetior; q.v.
commentariolum -i, n. a short treatise.
commentarium -i, n. a memorandum, notebook; as the title of a book, a memoir (usually plur.); legal, a brief.
commentarius -i, m. a memorandum, notebook; as the title of a book, a memoir (usually plur.); legal, a brief.
commentatio -onis, f. reflection, careful consideration; practice.
commenticius -a -um, invented, fictitious.
commentor (1) -ari, dep. to consider thoroughly; to practice, prepare; to invent, compose, write.
commentor (2) -oris, m. an inventor.
commeo -are, to go up and down, come and go.
commercium -i, n. trade, commerce; meton. the right to trade, or an article of traffic, merchandise, or a place of trade, depot. Hence in gen., intercourse, communication.
commercor -ari, dep. to buy up.
commereo -ere (also commereor, dep.) to deserve fully; to commit a fault.
commetior -metiri -mensus, dep. to measure; sometimes to measure one thing against another, compare.
commeto -are, to go frequently.
commigro -are, to move in a body, migrate.
commilitium -i, n. companionship in war or military service; in gen., fellowship.
commilito -onis, m. a fellow-soldier.
comminatio -onis, f. threatening, threat.
commingo -mingere -minxi -mictum, to urinate on, defile.
comminiscor -minisci -mentus, dep. to think out, contrive, invent. Perf. partic. in passive sense, commentus -a -um, feigned, invented; n. as subst. commentum -i, n. fiction, invention, contrivance.
comminor -ari, dep. to threaten.
comminuo -uere -ui -utum, to make small, break up, diminish, weaken.
comminus, hand to hand, esp. in close combat; in gen., close up, close at hand.
commisceo -miscere -miscui -mixtum, to mix together, mix up.
commiseratio -onis, f. pity; rhet. the exciting of pity.
commiseresco -ere, to pity.
commiseror -ari, dep. to pity, bewail; of a speaker, to excite pity.
commissio -onis, f. a setting together: hence the start of games, contests, etc..
commissura -ae, f. a joining together, connection, joint.
committo -mittere -misi -missum. (1) to unite, connect, combine; esp. to bring together in a contest, to match: hence to compare. (2) to begin, set on foot, initiate: with ut and the subj., to bring it about that; esp. of crimes, etc., to commit, perpetrate, and of penalties, to incur. (3) to entrust, commit, esp. with reflex. N. partic. as subst. commissum -i, an undertaking; a crime, fault; a trust, secret.
commoditas -atis, f. proportion, fitness; hence a fit occasion, also convenience, advantage; of persons, kindness.
commodo -are, to make fit, adapt; hence to adapt oneself to a person; to please, oblige, serve; with acc. to furnish, lend, give.
commodus -a -um, to measure, in full, complete; hence proper, fit, appropriate; of persons, character, etc., friendly, obliging, pleasant. N. as subst. commodum -i, suitable time, opportunity, convenience; use, advantage, interest; remuneration; loan. N. acc. as adv. commodum, at the right time, opportunely; just then. Adv. commode, rightly, properly, fitly; pleasantly, comfortably, kindly.
commolior -iri, dep. to set in motion.
commonefacio -facere -feci -factum, to remind, warn a person, or to call to mind a thing.
commoneo -ere, to remind, warn a person, or to call to mind a thing.
commonstro -are, to show fully.
commoratio -onis, f. delaying, lingering.
commoror -ari, dep. to linger, stay; transit., to delay.
commotio -onis, f. violent movement, excitement.
commoveo -movere -movi -motum, to move violently, shake, disturb, carry about or away; 'nummum', to employ in commerce; esp. of the mind or passions, to excite, influence, upset; of abstract things, to start up, produce, cause. Hence partic. commotus -a -um, insecure, unsteady; excited, upset.
communicatio -onis, f. communicating, imparting.
communico -are. (1) to share out, give a share in; hence to communicate, impart a matter; without object, to take counsel, confer with a person. (2) to join, unite. (3) to take a share in, participate.
communio (1) -ire, to fortify thoroughly.
communio (2) -onis, f. sharing, mutual participation.
communis -e, shared, common, universal, public; 'loca', public places; 'loci', commonplaces; of persons, approachable, affable. N. as subst. commune, common property, esp. in plur.; state, commonwealth; 'in commune', for the public good, also in general. Adv. communiter, jointly, generally.
communitas -atis, f.community, fellowship; sense of fellowship, affability.
commurmuror -ari, dep. to mutter, murmur.
commutabilis -e, changeable.
commutatus -us, m. change, alteration.
commuto -are, to change, alter; to exchange, barter, interchange.
como comere compsi comptum, to put together, make tidy, arrange, adorn; esp. of the hair. Hence partic. comptus -a -um, formed, framed; adorned, neat.
comoedia -ae, f. comedy.
comoedus -a -um, comic; m. as subst., a comic actor.
comosus -a -um, hairy; of plants, leafy.
compactio -onis, f. joining together.
compactum or compectum -i, n. an agreement.
compages -is, f. a joining together, connection: hence something that joins, a joint, seam, or something joined together, a structure.
compago -inis, f. a joining together.
compar -paris: as subst., an equal, companion, mate; as adj. like, similar.
comparabilis -e, capable of comparison, comparable.
comparatio (1) -onis, f. preparing, providing.
comparatio (2) -onis, f. a putting together; hence comparison.
comparativus -a -um, relating to comparison, comparative.
comparco (comperco) -parcere -parsi or -persi, to scrape together, save up.
compareo -parere -parui, to appear, be visible; to be present, be in existence.
comparo (1) -are, to prepare, get ready, provide; hence to arrange, settle.
comparo (2) -are, to couple together, esp. for a contest, to match. Transf., to liken, compare.
compasco -pascere -pastum, to feed (cattle) together.
compascuus -a -um, of common pasturage.
compellatio -onis, f. accosting, rebuking.
compello (1) -pellere -puli -pulsum, to drive together, collect; to force, compel.
compello (2) -are, to address, accost; esp. to reproach, rebuke; legal, to accuse before a court.
compendiarius -a -um, short; f. and n. as subst., a short cut.
compendium -i, n. saving, profit, advantage; shortening, abbreviation; 'compendi facere', to make short; in plur., short ways, short cuts.
compensatio -onis, f. balancing, compensation.
compenso -are, to weigh together, balance.
comperco; = comparco; q.v.
comperendinatio -onis, f. a putting off to the next day but one.
comperendinatus -us, m. a putting off to the next day but one.
comperendino -are, to remand to the next day but one.
comperio -perire -peri -pertum, to find out, discover, gain certain infor- mation of. Esp. used in perf. partic. compertus -a -um (1) known, un- doubted. (2) Of persons, convicted.
compes -pedis, f. a fetter or foot shackle.
compesco -pescere -pescui, to hold in, restrain, curb, check.
competitor -oris, m. a rival, competitor.
competo -petere -petivi and -petii -petitum, to come together, to meet. (1) to agree, coincide in point of time. (2) to be equal to, match; absol., to be competent, capable.
compilatio -onis, f. a pillaging; hence a compilation of documents.
compilo -are, to bundle together; hence to pack up and take off, to plunder, rob.
compingo -pingere -pegi -pactum, to put together, construct; to confine, lock up, conceal. Hence partic. compactus -a -um, constructed, built; hence firm, compact.
compitalicius -a -um, relating to the Compitalia.
compitalis -e, relating to or belonging to the crossroads; 'Lares', the deities who presided over crossroads. N. as subst. Compitalia -ium and -orum, the festival in honor of these deities.
compitum -i, n. a place where two roads meet, crossroads.
complaceo -cere -cui or -citus sum. (1) to please several persons at once. (2) to please exceedingly.
complano -are, to level, raze.
complector -plecti -plexus, dep. to embrace, surround, encompass. Transf., to hold fast, master; to attach oneself to, esteem; of the mind, to embrace, grasp, comprehend; to unite in oneself, to include.
complementum -i, n. a complement.
compleo -plere -plevi -pletum, to fill up; milit., to man, or to bring up to strength; of a sum, to make up; of fate, etc., to fulfill; of a task, to finish. Hence partic. completus -a -um, perfect, complete.
complexio -onis, f. connection, combination; in rhetoric, a summary or a period; in logic, the statement of a syllogism or a dilemma.
complexus -us, m. of persons, embrace, grasp, either in love or in combat; of things, compass or connection.
complico -are, to fold together;'complicata notio',confused, intricate.
comploratio -onis, f. lamentation.
comploratus -us, m. lamentation.
comploro -are, to bewail, lament.
complures -ium, several.
compluvium -i, n. roofless space in the center of a Roman house.
compono -ponere -posui -positum. (1) to put together; esp. of unlike persons or things, either to match as opponents, or to compare. (2) to make up a whole, compose. (3) to put in place, arrange, settle; of enemies, to reconcile. Hence partic. compositus -a -um, constructed, put together; arranged in order, settled; hence adapted to a purpose. Adv. composite, in an orderly way.
comporto -are, to bring together, collect.
compos -potis, having control of, possessed of, sharing in.
compositio -onis, f. putting together; of opponents, matching; composing, compounding; orderly arrangement, settlement.
compositor -oris, m. an arranger, adjuster.
compositura -ae, f. connection, joining.
compositus -a -um, partic. from compono; q.v.
compotatio -onis, f. drinking party.
compotor -oris, m. a drinking companion.
compotrix -icis, f. a drinking companion.
compransor -oris, m. a dinner companion.
comprecatio -onis, f. supplication.
comprecor -ari, dep. to pray to or for, supplicate.
comprehendo -prehendere -prehendi -prehensum and comprendo -prendere -prendi prensum, to grasp; to take together, unite; hence to embrace, include; to take firmly, seize; 'ignem', to catch fire; often of persons, to capture, arrest; of criminals, to catch red-handed. Transf., to comprehend, perceive.
comprehensibilis -e, comprehensible.
comprehensio -onis, f. (1) a taking together, uniting; rhet., a period. (2) seizing, arrest. Transf., comprehending, comprehension.
comprendo; = comprehendo; q.v.
compressio -onis, f. an embrace; compression of style, conciseness.
compressu, abl. sing. m. by pressing together; by embracing.
comprimo -primere -pressi -pressum, to press together; to press tightly; hence to embrace; to check, restrain, suppress. Hence compar. adv. compressius, more (or rather) concisely.
comprobatio -onis, f. approval.
comprobator -oris, m. one who approves.
comprobo -are. (1) to approve fully. (2) to confirm, prove, establish.
compromissum -i, n. reference to arbitrator.
compromitto -mittere -misi -missum, to agree to refer a cause to arbitration.
comptus (1) -a -um, partic. from como; q.v.
comptus (2) -us, m. a head-dress; a band, tie.
compungo -pungere -punxi -punctum, to prick, puncture; hence to tattoo.
computo -are, to reckon together, calculate, compute.
computresco -ere, to rot, putrefy.
Comum -i, n. a lake-side town in Cisalpine Gaul (now Como).
conamen -minis, n. effort, endeavor; concr., a support.
conatum -i, n. an undertaking.
conatus -us, m. an exertion, effort; sometimes impulse, inclination; an undertaking.
concaedes -ium, f. pl. a barricade of trees.
concalefacio -facere -feci -factum (pass. concalefio), to warm thoroughly.
concalesco -calescere -calui, to become thoroughly warm.
concallesco -callescere -callui, to become thoroughly hard; hence to become practiced or callous.
concavo -are, to hollow out, make concave.
concavus -a -um, hollow, vaulted, arched, concave; 'aqua', swelling.
concedo -cedere -cessi -cessum: intransit., to retire, withdraw; 'concedere vita', to die; hence to yield, submit, give way to, with dat.: 'concedere naturae', to die a natural death; transit., to yield, grant, give up; of faults, to pardon, overlook; of actions, to permit, allow.
concelebro -are, to visit often, or in large companies; to pursue an occupation eagerly; to celebrate a festivity; also to praise, extol a person or thing.
concenatio -onis, f. supping together.
concentio -onis, f. singing together, harmony.
concentus -us, m. singing together, harmony; hence agreement, unity, concord.
conceptio -onis, f. conception, becoming pregnant; drawing up of legal formulae.
conceptus -us, m. conceiving, pregnancy; collecting, or a collection.
concerpo -cerpere -cerpsi -cerptum, to tear to pieces.Transf.,to abuse.
concertatio -onis, f. contest, strife, dispute.
concertator -oris, m. a rival.
concertatorius -a -um, relating to a contest.
concerto -are, to strive eagerly.
concessio -onis, f. yielding, granting.
concessu, abl. sing. m. by permission, with leave.
concha -ae, f. a sea-shell; hence a shell-fish, esp. mussel or pearl- oyster or the fish yielding purple dye; poet., a pearl or purple dye. Transf., a vessel like a shell, e.g. a saltcellar or trumpet.
conchyliatus -a -um, dyed with purple or dressed in purple.2
conchylium -i, n. a shell-fish, esp. a mussel or oyster, or the shell-fish which yielded the purple dye: meton. purple dye or a purple garment.2
concido (1) -cidere -cidi, to fall down. Transf., to sink, perish; of winds, to subside; of persons, to be ruined, fail, esp. at law.
concido (2) -cidere -cidi -cisum, to cut up, cut down, destroy. Transf., to ruin, strike down. Hence partic. concisus -a -um, cut up small, brief, concise. Adv. concise.
concieo -ciere -civi -citum and concio -ire. (1) to collect, bring together. (2) to move violently, excite, arouse, stir up.
conciliabulum -i, n. a place of assembly.
conciliatio -onis, f. a bringing together, uniting, conciliating, causing of good-will; sometimes inclination.
conciliator -oris, m. one who brings about a result.
conciliatrix -icis, f. she who unites; hence a match-maker.
conciliatu, abl. sing. m., by union, by connection.
concilio -are, to bring together, unite, reconcile, win over; hence of results, to bring about, cause. Hence partic. conciliatus -a -um, won over, inclined, favorable.
concilium -i, n. bringing together, connection, assembling, union; esp. an assembly for deliberation, a council.
concinnitas -atis, f. elegance, harmony, esp. of style.
concinnitudo -inis, f. elegance, harmony, esp. of style.
concinno -are, to put together carefully, to arrange: hence to produce, cause.
concinnus -a -um, well put together; hence pleasing, elegant, neat, esp. of style. Adv. concinne, elegantly.
concino -cinere -cinui: intransit., to sing in chorus, play together; hence to agree in saying and in gen. to agree; transit., of songs, to sing together; of festivals, to celebrate; of the future, to prophesy.
concio (1) = concieo; q.v.
concio (2) -onis = contio; q.v.
concipio -cipere -cepi -ceptum. (1) to take together, contain, hold; of ideas, to express in a certain form of words. (2) to take completely in, absorb; of fluids, to suck in; of fire, to catch; of air, to draw in; often also to conceive. Transf., to take in, grasp by the senses or intellect; to conceive, imagine; of passions, to begin to feel; of action, to devise, esp. in bad sense.
concisio -onis, f. the breaking up of a clause into divisions.
concisus -a -um, partic. from concido (2); q.v.
concitatio -onis, f. violent movement. Hence tumult, sedition; also disturbance of mind, passion.
concitator -oris, m. one who stirs up.
concito -are, to move violently, stir up, excite; 'equum calcaribus', to spur to a gallop; 'aciem', to move forward the army. Hence in gen., to stir up, incite; of results, to cause, produce. Hence partic. concitatus -a -um, quick, rapid; excited, violent, passionate. Adv. concitate, excitedly.
concitor -oris, m. one who stirs up.
conclamatio -onis, f. loud or combined shouting.
conclamo -are. (1) to shout together or loudly; with ut, to demand loudly that; with acc. of a dead person, to bewail. (2) to call together.
conclave -is, n. a room, chamber.
concludo -cludere -clusi -clusum, to shut up, enclose, confine. Hence to include, comprise; to bring to an end; in logic, to argue, infer. Adv. from partic., concluse, with well-turned periods.
conclusio -onis, f. a shutting, closing; milit. a blockade. Transf., a close, conclusion; rhet., the conclusion of a speech, peroration or a period; in logic, a conclusion, consequence.
conclusiuncula -ae, f. a foolish inference.
concolor -oris, similar in color.
concoquo -coquere -coxi -coctum, to boil or cook thoroughly; hence to digest. Transf., to bear, endure, stomach; to consider well, deliberate upon.
concordia -ae, f. agreement, union, harmony.
concorditer, adv. from concors; q.v.
concordo -are, to agree, be in harmony.
concors -dis,of one mind or opinion, agreeing, harmonious.Adv. concorditer.
concrebresco -brescere -brui, to increase.
concredo -credere -credidi -creditum, to entrust, commit.
concremo -are, to burn down, burn entirely.
concrepo -are -ui -itum: intransit., to rattle, creak, clash; 'digitis concrepare', to snap the fingers; transit., to rattle, strike upon.
concresco -crescere -crevi -cretum, to grow, collect, be formed; to become stiff, congeal, harden. Hence perf. partic. concretus -a -um, compounded, congealed, stiff.
concretio -onis, f. a growing together, congealing; matter.
concrucio -are, to torture violently.
concubina -ae, f. a concubine.
concubinus -i, m. a man living with a concubine.
concubitus -us, m. lying or reclining together; hence copulation.
concubius -a -um, in the phrase 'concubia nocte', at the time of first sleep, at dead of night.
conculco -are, to tread down, trample under foot.
concumbo -cumbere -cubui -cubitum, to lie or recline together (at table); to lie with, have intercourse with.
concupisco -piscere -pivi or -pii -pitum, to desire eagerly, covet, aim at.
concurro -currere -curri (or -cucurri) -cursum, to assemble hurriedly, flock to one spot; to rush together, clash; esp. to meet in conflict, engage.
concursatio -onis, f. running together, concourse; hence coincidence; in gen., running about; milit., skirmishing.
concursator -oris, m. a skirmisher.
concursio -onis, f. running together, concourse; rhet., frequent repetition of a word.
concurso -are, to run about, rush to and fro; milit., to skirmish.
concursus -us, m. running together, concourse, union; a rushing together, clashing; a hostile encounter.
concussu, abl. sing. m. by shaking, by concussion.
concutio -cutere -cussi -cussum, to shake together, agitate, disturb.Hence, physically, to shatter, impair; of persons, to shake the clothes of, and so to examine; mentally, to alarm, trouble, excite.
condecoro -are, to adorn carefully.
condemnator -oris, m. one who causes condemnation, an accuser.
condemno -are, to condemn; of an accuser, to urge or effect the condemnation of a person; in gen., to blame, disapprove.
condenseo -ere, to make thick, press close together.
condenso -are, to make thick, press close together.
condensus -a -um, dense, thick.
condicio -onis, f. an arrangement, agreement. Hence (1) a condition, stipulation, provision; esp. conditions of marriage, marriage contract. (2) state, condition, place, circumstance.
condico -dicere -dixi -dictum, to make arrangements, agree, fix, settle; esp. to agree to dine with a person.
condignus -a -um, very worthy; adv. condigne.
condimentum -i, n. spice,